RU2305302C2 - System for operative research of atmosphere, earth surface and ocean - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: meteorology and environmental monitoring, possible use for researching and controlling parameters of atmosphere, earth surface and ocean.

SUBSTANCE: system contains space satellite for observation of environment, diagnostic module, transported by a carrier rocket along ballistic or orbital trajectory into research zone, receiving stations and ground stations. Diagnostic module includes a set of descent capsules, equipped with radio-probes. Each radio-probe is a transmitter, containing sensors of measured parameters, connected through an analog-code transformer to digital message generator. Connected serially to output of digital message generator are phase manipulator, second input of which is connected to output of setting generator, power amplifier and transmitting antenna. Each receiving station is equipped with a receiver, made in form of serially connected receiving antenna, high frequency amplifier, mixer, second input of which through a heterodyne is connected to output of searching block, intermediate frequency amplifier, frequency detector, trigger, registration and analysis block.

EFFECT: increased trustworthiness of research.

5 dwg

Description

The proposed system relates to meteorology and environmental monitoring and can be used to study and control the parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean anywhere in the world.

Known methods and systems for the operational study of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean (author's certificate. USSR No. 769455, 1676651, 1721563; RF patents No. 2030789, 2041476, 2068185, 2093861, 2124744, 2168747, 2201599, 2240576; US patents No. No. 3943514, 5124651, 5696514; Baydakov S.N., Martynov A.I. From the satellite’s orbit - into the eye of a typhoon. M: Nauka, 1986, p. 170, 171 and others).

Of the known systems closest to the proposed one is a system that implements the "Method for operational research of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean" (RF patent No. 2.041.476, G 01 W 1/08, 1992), which is selected as the base.

The system that implements the known method contains an environmental satellite, a diagnostic module transported by a launch vehicle along a ballistic or orbital path to the study area and includes a set of launch capsules equipped with radiosondes, reception points and ground stations.

An object of the invention is to increase the reliability of operational research of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean by using complex signals with phase shift keying to transmit discrete information from radiosondes to reception points.

The problem is solved in that in a system for operational research of the atmosphere, the earth’s surface and the ocean, containing a satellite of environmental observation, a diagnostic module transported by a launch vehicle on a ballistic or orbital trajectory to the study area and including a set of launch capsules equipped with radiosondes reception points and ground stations, each radiosonde is a transmitter containing sensors of measured parameters connected via analog-code converters to f to the digital message transformer, to the output of which a phase manipulator is connected in series, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, each receiving station is equipped with a receiver made in the form of a series-connected receiving antenna, high-frequency amplifier, mixer, the second input of which through a local oscillator it is connected to the output of the search unit, intermediate frequency amplifier, frequency detector, trigger, and registration and analysis unit.

The geometric diagram of the system for the operational study of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean is presented in figure 1. A diagram of the Rokot-2 launch vehicle and the diagnostic module 3 installed on it with a set of launch capsules equipped with radiosondes is shown in FIG. 2. The structural diagram of each radiosonde is presented in figure 3. The block diagram of the receiver installed at the point of reception is presented in figure 4. Timing diagrams explaining the operation of the system are shown in FIG.

The system contains a satellite 1 environmental observation, a launch vehicle (LV) 2, a diagnostic module (DM) 3, a set of 4 descent capsules (SC), descent capsules 5, reception points 6, ground stations 7, specialized descent capsules 8.

The transmitter installed on each i-th radiosonde contains sensors 9.j of measured parameters (j = 1, 2, ..., m), which are connected to the former 11.i (i = 1 through the converters 10.j analog-code , 2, ..., n) a digital message to the output of which a phase manipulator 13.i is connected in series, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 12.i, the power amplifier 14.i and the transmitting antenna 15.i.

Each receiving point contains a receiving antenna 16 connected in series, a high-frequency amplifier 17, a mixer 20, the second input of which is connected through the local oscillator 19 to the output of the search unit 18, an intermediate-frequency amplifier 21, a frequency detector 22, a trigger 23, and a recording and analysis unit 24.

The proposed system works as follows.

After detecting the occurrence, for example, of a tropical cyclone using the satellite 1 of environmental observation and deciding to study it, the diagnostic module 3, which is a spacecraft with one or more sets, is transported to the tropical cyclone region by means of a launch vehicle 2 SC containing radiosondes. The required number of SCs in the kit must satisfy the condition for filling the entire investigated area and is determined during the preparation of the flight mission for the launch vehicle. The use of the rocket dynamic maneuver when putting the diagnostic module into orbit, the choice of the type of the corresponding orbit (inclination, altitude) and the number of necessary turns provide transportation of sets of SCs to almost any region of the Earth.

At the estimated time, a set of 4 descent capsules 5 is separated from the DM and, after a predetermined time interval, required in some cases to calm and additional orientation in the SC space, expires, they are diluted to ensure a given distribution in space, for example, with the highest density in the center, and SC delivery to the upper boundary of the study area. The highest measurement density in the center of the studied area is necessary in those cases when the studied phenomenon has a zone with a sharp gradient of parameter values (for example, the eye of a tropical cyclone or a focus of environmental disaster).

To perform these operations, a flight task is formed containing, using the rocket-dynamic dilution of SC, the on-time, duration of operation and the spatial orientation angle of the propulsion system (DU) of each SC, after which the SC set is separated from the DM and the remote control of each SC is corrected for the correcting impulse at an angle of spatial orientation in accordance with the flight mission. When using controlled SCs, the flight mission contains information that ensures their reduction to the corresponding aiming points.

At an altitude of H> 120 km, a remote control or propelling device is separated from the SK. During the descent of the SC in the atmosphere, they are braked using a parachute system. At an altitude of H = 25-50 km, the hatch covers of the parachute system are fired off and the radio probes are detached from the SK. A multi-stage parachute system or an inflatable balloon system is put into operation, extinguishing the speed of the radiosonde up to 5-15 m / s, at which it is possible to measure the profiles of atmospheric parameters.

During the descent of the i-th radiosonde and when working afloat or immersion in water, information from the sensors 9.j of the measured parameters (j = 1, 2, ..., m) is fed to the inputs of the transducers 10.j an analog code that converts this information in digital codes. The latter arrive at the inputs of the shaper 11.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n) of a digital message, the output of which is a digital message (modulating code M (t)) (Fig. 5, a) containing the number i- radiosonde and the measured values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean in digital form.

At the same time, a high-frequency oscillation is generated at the frequency ω _i using the master oscillator 12.i (Fig. 5, b):

U _i (t) = V _i · cos (ω _i t + φ _i ), 0≤t≤T _i ,

where V _i , ω _i , φ _i , T _i is the amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of the high-frequency oscillation of the i-th radiosonde,

which goes to the first input of the phase manipulator 13.i. A digital message M (t) is supplied to the second input of the phase manipulator 13.i (Fig. 5, a) from the output of the shaper 11.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n). At the output of the phase manipulator 13.i a complex signal with phase shift keying (PSK) is generated (Fig. 5, c)

U _c (t) = ν _i · cos [ω _i t + φ (t) + φ _i ], 0≤t≤T _i ,

where φ _k (t) = {0π} is the manipulated phase component that displays the phase manipulation law in accordance with the digital message M (t) (Fig. 5, a), and φ _k (t) = const for kτ _e <t < (k + 1) τ _e and can change stepwise at t = kτ _e , i.e. on the boundaries between elementary premises (k = 1, 2, ..., N);

τ _e , N - the duration and number of chips that make up the signal of duration T _i (T _i = τ _e · N),

which, after gaining power in the power amplifier 14.i, is transmitted by the transmitting antenna 15.i to the ether, it is captured by the receiving antenna 16 of the receiving point and fed through the high-frequency amplifier 17 to the first input of the mixer 20, to the second input of which the local oscillator voltage 19

U _Г (t) = V _Г cos (ω _Г t + φ _Г ).

At the output of the mixer 20, voltage of combination frequencies is formed. The amplifier 21 is allocated an intermediate frequency voltage (figure 5, g):

u _ave (t) = V _pr · cos [ω _{ave t + φ k (t) +} φ _etc.], 0≤t≤T _i,

Where

To ₁ - gear ratio of the mixer;

ω _CR = ω _i -ω _G is the intermediate frequency;

φ _CR = φ _i -φ _G ,

which is fed to the input of the frequency detector 22, the output of which produces short bipolar pulses (Fig. 5, e), corresponding to the moments of the abrupt change in the phase of the received FMN signal (Fig. 5, d). These pulses are fed to the counting input of trigger 23. Each incoming short pulse transfers the trigger 23 to the opposite state, as a result of which a voltage is generated at its output in the forward (figure 5, e) or reverse (figure 5, g) code, depending on the initial (initial) state of the trigger 23. The generated voltage is proportional to the digital message M (t) (Fig. 5, a) and is recorded by the registration and analysis unit 24. As a result of the analysis of the recorded voltage, the i-th number of the radiosonde is determined, the measured values of the parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean.

It should be noted that the search for QPSK signals emitted by various radiosondes at different frequencies is performed using the search unit 18, which periodically with a period T _P changes the frequency of the local oscillator 19 in a given frequency range. A sawtooth generator can be used as the search unit 18.

When launching radiosondes and when working afloat or when immersed in water, information from their sensors is transmitted in a discrete (digital) form using complex PSK signals to mobile receiving points 6 (satellite, aircraft, ships) and ground stations 7 directly or through repeaters, which can be located in specialized descent capsules 8, on a satellite, etc. Using repeaters allows you to record discrete information in a storage device, and then transfer it to collection and processing points.

This system, which provides atmospheric dilution of radiosondes to the required distances using small-sized SCs equipped with remote control or throwing devices, allows for the dilution of extreme radiosondes in a salvo by using appropriate trajectories at distances up to 500 km (filling the entire typhoon volume). As a rule, a tropical cyclone has a height of at least 25 km and a diameter of at least 500 km.

The proposed system provides simultaneous measurement of the parameters of the atmosphere and the ocean in a large volume of air and water and the parameters of the Earth’s surface over a large area, which allows to obtain instantaneous time slices of the characteristics of the occurring atmospheric phenomena, natural and environmental disasters throughout the volume of the studied area.

To implement this system, a space complex (SC) based on the Rokot rocket can be used. Figure 2 presents a diagram of the rocket "Rokot-2" and installed on it DM 3 with a set of SK containing radiosondes. The Breeze 8 booster block serves to bring the DM into orbit and the descent from it.

The main characteristics of QC are as follows:

- launch site - Baikonur Cosmodrome;

- parameters of the orbits: height H = 200-300 km; inclination i = 47-97 °;

- the mass of the diagnostic module is 1.3-1.8 tons;

- ballistic capsule (SC) type;

- the number of SC in the set - up to 100 pcs .;

- mass SC with a radiosonde - 10-15 kg;

- the size of the SK breeding area is 500 × 500 km.

For operational detection of tropical cyclones, monitoring their development and issuing preliminary information for planning the application of the complex under consideration, meteorological satellites of the Meteosat, DMSP or satellite Meteor, Electro can be used. In the standard version, the complex can function with existing and developing space systems for Earth monitoring, meteorological and connected space, air and ground complexes.

Thus, the proposed system in comparison with the basic and other technical solutions provides increased reliability of operational research of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean. This is achieved by using complex signals with phase shift keying to transmit discrete information from radiosondes to reception points.

Complex signals with phase shift keying open up new possibilities in the technique of transmitting discrete messages from radiosondes to reception points. These signals allow the use of a new type of selection - structural selection. This means that there is a new opportunity to separate FMN signals operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals.

Among other problems, the solution of which largely determines the further progress of radio communications, should include the problem of establishing reliable communication between radiosondes and reception points in the presence of a multipath nature of the propagation of radio waves. The presence of the multipath nature of the propagation of radio waves leads to a distortion of the received signals, which complicates the reception and reduces the reliability of the transmission of discrete information from radiosondes at the reception point.

Attempts to overcome the harmful effects of multipath have been made for a long time. These include diversity reception, signal selection by time and angle of arrival, corrective coding, and some other methods. However, all of them do not provide a fundamental solution to the problem.

Due to its good correlation properties, a complex FMN signal can be “folded” into a narrow pulse, the duration of which is inversely proportional to the used bandwidth. Choosing such a frequency band so that the duration of the “convoluted” pulse is less than the delay time, it is possible to separately receive pulses arriving at the receiving point in various ways, and by summing their energy, it is also possible to increase the noise immunity of complex QPSK signals. Thus, the indicated problem gets a fundamental solution.

From the point of view of detection, complex QPSK signals have high energy and structural secrecy.

The energy secrecy of these signals is due to their high compressibility in time and spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result, a complex QPSK signal at the receiving point may be masked by noise and interference. Moreover, the energy of a complex QPSK signal is by no means small; it is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point of this region the signal power is less than the power of noise and interference.

The structural secrecy of complex QPSK signals is due to the wide variety of their shapes and significant ranges of parameter changes, which makes it difficult to optimize or at least quasi-optimal processing of complex QPSK signals of an a priori unknown structure in order to increase the sensitivity of the receiver.

Claims (1)

A system for operational research of the atmosphere, the Earth’s surface and the ocean, containing a satellite from environmental observations, a diagnostic module transported by a launch vehicle along a ballistic or orbital path to the study area and including a set of launch capsules equipped with radiosondes, reception points and ground stations, characterized the fact that each radiosonde is a transmitter containing sensors of the measured parameters connected via analog-code converters to the digitizer A new message, the output of which is connected in series with a phase manipulator, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator, a power amplifier and a transmitting antenna, each receiving point is equipped with a receiver made in the form of a series-connected receiving antenna, high-frequency amplifier, mixer, the second input of which the local oscillator is connected to the output of the search unit, an intermediate frequency amplifier, a frequency detector, a trigger, and a recording and analysis unit.

Images