RU2305166C1 - Method for oil product reservoir demounting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: working measures on existing buildings, particularly wrecking of buildings, for instance oil product reservoirs.

SUBSTANCE: oil product reservoir comprises reinforced concrete panels reinforced with tightening wire layer connected to outer reservoir side and roof supported by girders fastened to inner columns. The columns are arranged along two circles spaced predetermined distance from central column. Sequence of demounting operations with the use of demounting crane is disclosed. Method involves setting lower demounting boundary; setting location points for demounting crane used for serial roof panels, vertical panels, inner columns and girders disconnection along with crane movement over reservoir bottom along a circle having predetermined radius and demounting central column. To demount central column rope is connected to upper column part and rope is pulled in column falling direction. After that hoist cable, which retains the column in place, is disconnected and column is tilted.

EFFECT: extended range of structures to be demounted along with reduced labor inputs and increased operational safety.

7 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for dismantling buildings, in particular reinforced concrete tanks for oil products, and can be used in the construction of steel tanks at the site of liquidation (dismantling) of reinforced concrete tanks for oil products.

Currently, there is a need to replace reinforced concrete tanks with steel vertical tanks with minimal construction costs. Cost minimization can be achieved by maintaining the cushion of the dismountable tank for the base of the steel tank.

There is a method of dismantling using a wedge-mounted caterpillar crane mounted on an arrow (Oblastnaya Gazeta, 02/12/2003, Yekaterinburg). However, this method does not provide for the preservation of the whole panels; it is not applicable in the case of dismantling reinforced concrete tanks for storing petroleum products due to explosion and fire hazard, because Dismantling of reservoirs takes place at facilities where operating reservoirs are within reach.

Known methods for the dismantling of steel tanks by creating conditions for the deformation of the steel shell (AS No. 1325159, E04G 23/08, B65D 88/34).

When viewing patent information, the authors did not find inventions that implement the method of dismantling specifically reinforced concrete tanks for petroleum products. However, methods have been found for dismantling reinforced concrete structures of buildings.

So, there is a known method of disassembling a building made of reinforced concrete, which includes the following operations: starting from the top floor, on each floor along the contour between the posts, beams and ceilings, sections of walls are cut and dumped onto the ceiling. The top is supported by jacks and removed with a crane, then the racks are cut and dumped onto the same lower floor. Next, the ceiling is dismantled and removed outside the building (Japanese Application No. 53-217, E04G 23/08).

There is also a known method of disassembling a building, including lifting to the roof using a crane for dismantling mechanisms, installing scaffolding around the building, sheathed on both sides with sheet material, drilling holes in the exterior walls of the building along the upper surface of the ceiling, through which pipes pass, connecting their ends to the scaffolding . Dismantling mechanisms are lowered through the hole in the attic floor to the upper floor, dismantled into panels and beams that are pushed up. Slotted sections of the walls, as well as slit on the outside of the columns are tipped into the building (Japanese application No. 60-35509, E04G 23/08, 1985).

To disassemble the next floor, a mounting opening is cut through the ceiling of the upper floor and the above operations are repeated in the indicated sequence. Debris of structural elements is dumped on the lower floor or outside the building.

A common drawback of these technical solutions is that they do not allow the reuse of dismantling elements of the building in the form of finished products for new construction. In addition, in these known methods, a large amount of small waste is accumulated, requiring careful cleaning.

The prior art method of disassembling a building from prefabricated concrete and reinforced concrete elements (RF patent No. 2057235, E04G 23/08).

In this method, through holes are made in the walls and ceilings of the building to be dismantled, in which inventory mounting anchors are fixed and each anchor in the wall is connected to the corresponding anchor in the ceiling with an adjustable adjustable strut with a movement compensator. Walls and ceilings are cut along the inter-element seams, the wall elements with jacks are sequentially torn from each other and from the underlying floor, after which each wall element is grabbed by the lifting mechanism slings by the anchors and, freed from struts, removed from the building. After this, the elements of the floor jacks are torn off from neighboring elements and from the top of the lower walls and removed, capturing the lifting mechanism slings behind the anchors.

However, this above method requires substantial improvement when it is used for dismantling reinforced concrete tanks, since the construction of the reinforced concrete tank has columns, complex ceilings, a layer of tightening wire and no floor ceilings. The height of the dismantled tanks reaches 8 m.

The technical result of the invention is the expansion of the list of dismantled structures while reducing labor costs and increasing the safety of work.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of dismantling a tank for petroleum products, consisting of reinforced concrete panels, reinforced from the outside with a layer of tightening wire, and a roof resting on crossbars mounted on internal columns radially placed on two circles remote from the central column at a predetermined distance, including cutting the joints of the panels, sequentially securing each panel with cables on a crane suspension, cutting reinforcement in the joints and removing the release panels from the plane of the tank, according to the invention, before cutting the joints of the panels, mark the lower boundary of the tank dismantling, the parking points of the dismantling crane, erect the outer section of the ramp, the longitudinal axis of which is equidistant from neighboring internal columns and passes through the center of the tank, each reinforced concrete as far as possible from the center the roof panels carry out windows through which an anti-resistance to the pressure of natural soil is erected inside the reservoir from the outside of the dismounted reservoir, prevent weakening of the layer of tightening wire along the entire external vertical surface of the tank and remove the roof panels from the first and second parking points on both sides of the ramp axis, and after cutting reinforcement in the joints of the panels at the bottom of each vertical panel at the lower boundary without dismounting the reinforcement, they break through the horizontal gate to the full thickness of the panel, symmetrically to the vertical axis of which they are installed according to the device for holding the lower part of the panel from displacement, after why the reinforcement is cut in a horizontal gate and, having finished removing the released panels from the plane of the tank, they start from the same crane parking points to dismantle the crossbars and vertical columns, erect a section of the ramp in the direction of the tank center along which the crane is moved to the third parking point, fix it in the vertical position with the help of rods the central column, after which, from the third parking point, in a similar sequence, dismantle the roof panels, vertical panels, crossbars and inner columns with movement of the crane at the bottom of the tank circumferential and central column dismantled least, which in its upper part fixed cable which pull in the direction of incidence of the central column is detached and the holding column Chalki bombarded it;

as well as the fact that the internal resistance against the pressure of natural soil from the outside is erected in the form of a prism of sand, the height of which is selected, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of the external soil;

and also the fact that the device for holding the lower part of the panel from displacement is performed by installing two channels on the inner and outer sides of the vertical panel and pulling them together using a bolted connection, which is placed in a horizontal gate;

and also the fact that the weakening of the layer of the tightening wire is carried out by heating it to the pour point of the metal;

as well as the fact that before heating the wire, two wooden shields are fitted closely adjacent to the wire layer, the vertical ends of each of which are removed from the panel junction by a distance equal to at least 0.15 m;

and also the fact that the height of the wooden boards is chosen to be greater than the height of the layer of the cut wire above the upper turn and below the lower turn of the wire by at least 0.5 m;

and also the fact that the dismantling of the crossbars is carried out by installing on the upper part of the column of rigid clamps having fork-shaped supports for the crossbars in the vertical plane, after which the crossbars are fixed with cables on the crane suspension and removed from the tank plane;

and also by the fact that the dismantling of the inner columns begins immediately after removing the roof plates and crossbars above them, for which at least three cans are fixed on each column at a height of 6.5-7.0 m with an angle of inclination to the horizon of not more than 45 ° and an angle between the stocks in the plan 110-130 °, the top of the column is fixed on the crane suspension using ropes, at a height of 1.2-1.5 m the column is broken without breaking the fittings, the device according to claim 3 is installed in the hole, excluding horizontal displacement of the upper part of the column relatively lower, but allowing free movement tsya up Chalki removed, cut in the valve hole of the column and rise up the column from the reservoir output plane.

Figure 1 - presents a dismountable tank (in section);

figure 2 is the same, a top view;

figure 3 - wooden shield;

4 - stages of dismantling a reinforced concrete tank (4A - at the time of dismantling the slabs from the first parking point; 4B - at the moment of dismantling wall panels from the first parking point; 4B - at the moment of dismantling the slabs from the second parking point; 4G - at the time of dismantling beams and columns from the second parking lot);

figure 5 - dismantling the wall panel;

6 - dismantling of the crossbar;

Fig.7 - dismantling of the column.

The tank to be dismantled consists of reinforced concrete panels 1, reinforced from the outside with a layer of tightening wire 2, and a roof 3 formed by three rings of panels 4. The roof is supported by crossbars 5 mounted on internal columns 6 radially placed on two circles remote from the central column 7 at a given distance.

To clarify the implementation of the method, the following notation is introduced:

1 - reinforced concrete vertical panels forming the shell of the tank;

2 - a layer of tightening wire;

3 - roof;

4 - coating panels (PP-1, PP-2, PP-3);

5 - crossbars;

6 - inner columns;

7 - the central column;

8 - dismantling crane;

9 - chucks fastening columns 6.7;

10, 11, 12 - the first, second and third points of the crane;

13 - a ramp;

14 - the longitudinal axis of the ramp;

15 - windows in the outer panels 4 of the roof 3;

16 - an anti-stop;

17 - a wooden shield;

18 - timber;

19 - stroba in the vertical panel 1;

20 - channel;

21 - bolted connection;

22 - hard latch;

23 - fork-shaped supports;

N-N is the line of the lower boundary of the dismantled tank;

∠α ₁ - the angle of inclination of the chalice 9 to the horizon (not more than 45 °);

∠α ₂ - the angle between the chalice 9 in the plane (110-130 °);

L ₁ - the height of the wooden shield 17;

L ₂ - the height of the fastening of the chalice 9 on the central column 7 (6.5-7.0 m);

L ₃ - the height of the layer 2 of the tightening wire;

R ₁ - the radius of the boom of the crane 8;

R ₂ - the radius of movement of the crane 8 along the bottom of the tank (13 m).

Before the start of dismantling, preparatory stages are carried out, due to the requirements of safety measures, labor protection (but they are not considered in this case). Prior to the start of dismantling, the reinforced concrete tank must be removed from the technological mode of operation, cleaned of bottom sediments, steamed, cleaned of oil sludge, washed.

The method was carried out on a reinforced concrete reservoir ZhBR-10000, (usable volume 9997 m ³ ), inner diameter 42 m, height from the bottom to the top of the ceiling 7.5-7.75 m, deepening from the earth's surface 4-5 m. The method is implemented with application of the RDK-25 crane.

Based on the above characteristics set the mark of the lower boundary of the dismantling of the tank (line N-N in figure 1), points 10, 11, 12 parking dismantling crane 8.

The longitudinal axis 14 of the ramp 13 is marked so that it is equidistant from neighboring inner columns 6 and passes through the center of the tank. An external section of the ramp 13 is erected. In each of the roof panels 3, as far as possible from the center of the reinforced concrete panel 4 (roof slabs), windows 15 are made of 670 × 1600 mm in size (only some are shown in FIG. Through the windows 15, a counter-support 16 (protective sand prism) is erected into the reservoir using a crane and a bucket) to the pressure of natural soil, sufficient in height to maintain the stability of the vertical panels, allowing the weakening of the layer of tightening wire (the height is determined taking into account the ground level from the outside of the tank to be dismantled) .

Then, the joints of panels 1 and 4 are cut (monolithic breakdown of the ends of the wall panels and PP-1 coating plates), weakening of the layer 2 of the tightening wire over the entire outer surface of the tank by heating.

In the radius R _{1 of the} action of the boom of the crane 8 from the first 10 parking points on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the ramp 14, the roof panels 4 of the roof 3 are removed (plates PP-1, see figa).

Next, it is required to cut the prestressed winding wire 2. To protect personnel when cutting the wire 2, two wooden boards 17 of height L ₁ are installed on both sides of the panel junction at a distance of 0.15 m. The boards 17 are pressed with a beam 18 (see Fig. 3) at an angle 45-50 ° to the shield. Cutting the coils is carried out by gas cutting.

After cutting reinforcement at the joints of reinforced concrete panels 1 in the lower part of each vertical panel on the line of the lower boundary N-N, a horizontal gate 19 is punched without breaking the reinforcement to the full thickness of panel 1 (Fig. 5A). Symmetrically to the vertical axis of the reinforced concrete panel 1 is installed according to the device for holding the panel from displacement (channels 20, which are pulled together by a bolted connection 21, see figv). The reinforcement of the wall panel is cut. The released panels 1 are fixed on the suspension of the crane 8, lifted and removed from the plane of the tank. In this way, dismantle 6 vertical panels 1, 3 from the axis 14 of the ramp 13 (figv). It turns out that the opening in the tank wall is sufficient to move the crane 8 to the second 11 parking point.

A section of the ramp 13 is erected to the center of the reservoir. Using the chaloks 9, the central column 7 is fixed in a vertical position. At a height L2 of the central column 7, at least three chalices 17 are fixed with an angle of inclination to the horizon ∠α = 45 ° and an angle between the chalices ∠α = 110-130 °.

The crane 8 is installed on the second parking point 11, from which 6 panels 4 (PP-2) of the roof 3 are dismantled (Fig. 4B). Then proceed from the same parking point 11 to dismantle the inner columns 6 above which there are no cover panels 4. To do this, using the rods 9, similarly to the central column 7, the columns 6 are fixed in the vertical position, rigid clamps 22 are installed that have fork-shaped supports 23 in the vertical plane for crossbars 5, excluding their lateral displacement relative to the column 6 (Fig.6). The bolts 5 are dismantled, fixed on the suspension bracket of the crane 8. The inner columns 6 are broken at a mark of 1.2-1.5 m. A fixture is installed in the place of exposure of the reinforcement, similar to the fixture for holding the reinforced concrete vertical panel 1 (channel 20, tightened by bolt connection 21), which eliminates the horizontal displacement of the upper part of the column 6 relative to the lower, but allows you to freely move up (Fig.7). Remove the chalks, cut the fittings, lifting up on the suspension of the crane 8 dismantle the column 6 (Fig.4G). The crane is installed at the third parking point 12. Further dismantling is carried out similarly to those described above with the movement of the crane 8 around a circle with a radius of R ₂ = 13.0 m.

Lastly, when all the vertical panels are brought out, the central column 7 is dismantled, in the upper part of which the cable is fixed and pulled in the direction of falling of the central column 7, the chucks 9 holding the column 7 are disconnected and they fill it up. Already on a horizontal surface, the central column is cut into segments that can be loaded onto vehicles in size. Dismantled items are transported by any motor vehicle to a storage site (or pulled entirely outside the tank).

Dismantled items are loaded onto vehicles, and then transported to a storage area.

As a result of the sequence of operations of dismantling the tank, a platform with the remains of the inner columns remains in its place 6. Using a bulldozer, level the bottom surface and, using counter support 16 (sand backfill), create a cushion under the bottom of the newly installed steel vertical tank.

Thus, after dismantling the reinforced concrete tank according to the claimed method, a ready-made base is obtained for the construction of a vertical steel tank, carried out according to the required rules.

The use of the invention allows to reduce labor costs when replacing a reinforced concrete tank with a vertical steel tank by maintaining the base of the tanks and shorten the time for replacement. In addition, the described sequence of dismantling operations improves working conditions, since the danger of collapse of structures while personnel are at the site (inside the dismantled tank) is eliminated.

Claims (7)

1. The method of dismantling the tank for petroleum products, consisting of reinforced concrete panels, reinforced on the outside with a layer of tightening wire, and a roof supported by crossbars, mounted on the inner columns radially placed on two circles, remote from the central column at a predetermined distance, including splitting joints panels, sequentially securing each panel with cables on the crane suspension, cutting reinforcement at the joints and removing the released panels from the plane of the tank, while before cutting of the joints of the panels set the mark of the lower boundary of the dismantling of the tank, the parking points of the dismantling crane, erect the outer section of the ramp, the longitudinal axis of which is equally remote from the adjacent inner columns and passes through the center of the tank, in each window as far as possible from the reinforced concrete roof panel, windows are made through which inside of the reservoir, an anti-pressure is erected against the pressure of natural soil from the outside of the tank to be dismantled, and a weakening of the layer of tightening wire is carried out throughout the entire vertical the roof surfaces are removed from the tank’s surface and in the radius of the crane jib from the first and second parking points on both sides of the ramp axis, and after cutting the fittings in the joints of the panels at the bottom of each vertical panel at the mark of the lower boundary of dismantling, they break through the horizontal gate to the full the thickness of the panel, symmetrically to the vertical axis of which is set according to a device for holding the lower part of the panel from displacement, after which the reinforcement is cut in a horizontal gate and, after the removal is completed, the release of the expected panels from the plane of the tank, start from the same crane parking points to dismantle the crossbars and vertical columns, erect a section of the ramp towards the center of the tank along which the crane is moved to the third parking point, fix the central column in the vertical position with the help of caps, and then of the third parking point, in a similar sequence, dismantle the roof panels, vertical panels, crossbars and internal columns with the crane moving around the bottom of the tank around the circumference, and the central column dem ntiruyut least, which in its upper part fixed cable which pull in the direction of incidence of the central column is detached and the holding column Chalki bombarded it. 2. The method of dismantling the tank for petroleum products according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal resistance to the pressure of natural soil from the outside is erected in the form of a prism of sand, the height of which is selected, taking into account the physicomechanical properties of the external soil. 3. The method of dismantling a tank for petroleum products according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for holding the bottom of the panel from displacement is performed by installing two channels on the inner and outer sides of the vertical panel and pulling them together using a bolt joint, which is placed in a horizontal gate. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the weakening of the layer of tightening wire is carried out by heating it to the temperature of the fluidity of the metal. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that before heating the wire, two wooden shields are fitted closely adjacent to the wire layer, the vertical ends of each of which are removed from the panel junction by a distance equal to at least 0.15 m, and the height of the wooden shield is at least 0.5 m is installed by the upper turn and below the lower turn of the wire. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dismantling of the crossbars is carried out by installing hard clamps on the upper part of the column having fork-shaped supports for the crossbars in the vertical plane, after which the crossbars are fixed with cables on the crane suspension and removed from the tank plane. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dismantling of the inner columns begins immediately after removing the roof plates and crossbars above them, for which at least three cans are fixed on each column at a height of 6.5-7.0 m with an angle to a horizon of not more than 45 ° and an angle between the stockings in the plan of 110-130 °, the top of each column is attached to the crane suspension using ropes, at a height of 1.2-1.5 m the column is broken without breaking the fittings, the device according to p. 3, excluding horizontal displacement of the upper part of the column relative to the lower, but allowing to move freely upwards, take off the chocks, cut the reinforcement in the hole of the column and lift it up from the plane of the tank.

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