RU2304757C2 - Method for destruction of ice cover - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosion equipment, in particular, destruction of the ice cover on rivers and basis.

SUBSTANCE: the method consists in delivery of explosive gas mixture under the ice cover with a subsequent initiation of the explosion of the latter. The explosive gas mixture is supplied to an elastic gas-tight shell preliminarily placed under the ice cover with a subsequent ignition of the gas mixture by electric explosion the explosive gas mixture is fed to the elastic gas-tight case alternately dosing the air and the fuel gas.

EFFECT: enhanced productivity in destruction of the ice cover, result and safety of blasting operations, technological effectiveness, reduced cost of operations, provided performance of blasting operations at a smaller distance from bridges and others structures.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to explosive technology, in particular to the destruction of ice on rivers and ponds. The destruction of the ice cover on rivers and ponds is associated with a significant consumption of expensive explosives, an increased danger of the ice blasting process due to the high specific power of charges and, as a result, a significant spread of ice cover fragments, which is most dangerous in the area of bridges and residential buildings. At the same time, the energy of the explosion is not fully used and a significant part of it is wasted, because water at the time of the explosion works like a screen from a solid, and the main energy and products of the explosion go up vertically, as indicated by the fountains of ice fragments above the site of the explosion. Reducing the specific power of the explosive with an increase in the area of the bookmark will increase the efficiency of the explosion, and the use of more affordable, cheaper and safer to use explosives can increase the technical capabilities and economic performance of the process.

There is a method of destroying the ice cover, in which explosive charges are set under the ice cover at a distance from each other and they are alternately blown up with a time interval equal to the transit time of the peak of the flexural-gravitational wave from the place of the previous charge detonation to the location of the next explosive charge, and before undermining the charges, air is pumped under the ice cover, while the thickness of the air layer should not exceed the amplitude of the bending-gravitational wave / Patent RU No. 2180094, 2002.11.27 /.

The known method is not sufficiently technological in execution, time-consuming and involves the use of expensive explosives, does not ensure the full use of the energy of the explosion.

A known method of destruction of the ice cover, including obtaining a gas cavity and installing under the ice at a certain depth of the main explosive charge and its initiation. The gas cavity is obtained using a gas generator that produces heated gas before undermining the main explosive charge. The gas generator is installed under ice at the lower edge of the ice at a horizontal distance from the main explosive charge / Patent RU No. 2193751, 2002.11.27 /.

The known method is also not sufficiently technologically advanced, unnecessarily laborious and involves the use of expensive explosives, however, it does not fully utilize the energy of the explosion.

The closest is the method of destroying the ice cover by forming an air cushion above the ice cover and through a through hole of the air cavity pre-prepared in the ice cover under the ice cover, while the air cushion and cavity are created using an airtight fabric tightly and firmly fixed to the upper surface of the ice cover so that the hole is under the fabric, and the compressor forcing air under the fabric with excess pressure, the value of which is measured ay in cm of water. Art., should be not less than the thickness of the ice cover / Patent RU No. 2197406, 2003.01.27 /.

The known method is not technologically advanced in execution, is unnecessarily laborious and inefficient, is limitedly applicable for significant volumes of ice cover destruction.

The objective of the invention is to increase the productivity of work on the destruction of the ice cover, increase the efficiency and safety of blasting, increase the manufacturability of the process, the ability to carry out blasting at a smaller distance from bridges and other structures, reduce the cost of work.

The problem is solved in that in the method of destroying the ice cover, comprising supplying an explosive gas mixture under the ice cover, followed by initiating the explosion of the latter, according to the invention, the explosive gas mixture is fed into a gas-tight envelope pre-placed under the ice cover, followed by electric explosion of the gas mixture, while the gas is explosive the mixture is fed into the shell, alternately dosing air and combustible gas. Distinctive features are:

- the explosive gas mixture is fed into a gas-tight envelope previously placed under the ice cover (which allows you to place the required amount of explosive mixture under the ice cover, which is determined by the volume of the shell, to use the energy of the explosive mixture with high efficiency, reduce the cost of blasting);

- explosive gas mixture is fed into the shell, alternately dosing air and combustible gas (which provides the necessary composition of the gas mixture both in concentration and volume, which increases the safety and adaptability of placement of explosive gas mixture under the ice cover);

- ignition of the gas mixture is carried out by electric blasting (which increases the level of manufacturability and safety of work, reduces the cost of initiating blasting, increases the productivity of work).

Thus, the claimed solution meets the criterion of "novelty." Comparison of the proposed solutions with analogues did not allow us to identify in them the features that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The implementation diagram of the method is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 - stage of preparation when pumping an explosive gas mixture, figure 2 is the initial state before the explosion of the ice sheet.

At the preparation stage, a gas-tight jacket 2 is introduced under ice through a drilled hole 1 with an explosive gas mixture supply hose 3 previously inserted into the shell and an electric blasting wire 4, which is placed inside the end part of the supply hose 3. The inlets are sealed and the end of the shell 2 is fixed with a rope 5 to the anchor 6 Carry out the injection of the gas mixture into the shell 2. After filling the shell, bend and cut off the end of the hose above the entry point of wire 4, immerse the shell completely under ice and remotely explode. Examples of the method.

Example 1

To break the ice 1.2-1.5 m thick along the river’s coastal strip, a gas-tight shell made of polyethylene film with a cross section of the shell 06 m and a length of 80 m is lowered into a pre-made hole. ice due to the flow of the river. Previously, in the zone of injection of the gas mixture through the hole, a hose for injecting the gas mixture and an electric blasting wire from the fuse inside the shell are removed to the ice surface. One end of the shell is fixed, for example, to an anchor driven in the zone of the hole, or to the crossbar above the hole. A gas mixture is pumped through the hose, dosing alternately air (from the compressor) and combustible gas (propane-butane) - from cylinders with liquefied gas. Dosing of the gas mixture is carried out at a ratio of air and propane-butane, respectively, 1: 1.9 ÷ 2.5. At the same overpressure from the compressor and from the reducer of propane-butane cylinders (at least 0.2 atmosphere), the necessary proportion of the gas mixture is maintained by the opening time of the valves on the hose for injecting the gas mixture. After filling the shell, the hose is disconnected with the shell with sealing the gas inlet mixtures. By means of an electric blasting wire, an explosion of a gas mixture in a shell under an ice cover remotely initiates the formation of an ice break of a width of 1.5-1.7 meters over a length of 75-80 meters. An explosive mixture of gases, bounded below by water working as a solid at the time of the explosion, breaks the ice cover with the release of pieces of ice with relatively small kinetic energy and a small dispersion from the explosion site (10-15 meters).

Example 2

To loosen the ice 80 m from the bridge supports under an ice cover 1.3 meters thick through holes in ice, made opposite the supports parallel to the direction of the river flow, polyethylene shells 70 meters long are introduced and with the possibility of formation when filling the section diameter - 1 m is pumped with explosive gas mixture, initiate by electric blasting an explosion of ice cover. Explosive ice strips are located against the bridge piers. If necessary, the operation is repeated indented above the river for another 80-90 meters.

The method of ice cover destruction provides an increase in the ice cover destruction productivity, an increase in the efficiency and safety of blasting operations, an increase in the process manufacturability, the possibility of blasting at a smaller distance from bridges and other structures, and a decrease in the cost of work.

Claims (3)

1. A method of destroying the ice cover, comprising supplying an explosive gas mixture under the ice cover with the subsequent initiation of an explosion of the latter, characterized in that the explosive gas mixture is fed into an elastic gas-tight envelope pre-placed under the ice cover, followed by ignition of the gas mixture. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the explosive gas mixture is fed into the shell, alternately dosing air and combustible gas. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition of the gas mixture is produced by electric blasting.

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