RU2304373C1 - Combined tillage and sowing shank - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, tillage and sowing technique.

SUBSTANCE: combined tillage and sowing shank has seed guide formed as hollow column, stabilizer, seed distributor, chamber, soil guiding plates, restricting device, soil compaction device, plate, A-hoe with tine, and seeding chamber. Two-sided trifacial wedges are fixed on A-hoe above soil guiding plates are equipped with left-hand and right-hand moldboards positioned behind each of two-sided trifacial wedges. Moldboards are secured to wedge rear faces so as to move in longitudinal-vertical plane. Left-hand wedge is equipped with right-hand moldboard, and right-hand wedge is equipped with left-hand moldboard.

EFFECT: improved sowing quality due to more uniform distribution of small-sized soil fraction above seeds.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and agricultural production, in particular to combined working bodies for tillage and sowing.

Known opener for uniform distribution of seeds over the area and depth of seed placement / 1, 2 /, including a hollow stand, stabilizer, seed distributor, chamber, soil guide plate, lancet foot, sowing chamber, stand.

The disadvantages of the known coulter include the fact that the seeds are not evenly distributed throughout the section of the vas deferens, which leads to a decrease in the quality of the dispenser; in addition, paw wings unsatisfactorily distribute fractional soil material over sown seeds.

Known opener for tillage and sowing / 3 /, containing the seed tube - a hollow rack, stabilizer, distributor, camera, guide plates, limiter, packer, plate, lancet foot, sowing chamber, rack.

The disadvantages of this coulter: poor soil formation of fine-grained material during the operation of the lancet paw occurs especially in the production of direct sowing without preliminary tillage; it should be noted that the uneven distribution of the fractional composition over the seeds over the sieving width leads to uneven distribution of seeds and seedlings under the daily surface of the soil during the initial phase of growth of the seeded crop.

To eliminate these drawbacks and to obtain an agrotechnical effect, two-sided trihedral wedges with left- and right-turning dumpers located behind each two-sided trihedral wedge are located over the soil-guiding layers at the edges of the lancet paw, and are attached to their back faces with the ability to move in height in the longitudinal-vertical plane, in this case, the left wedge is equipped with a right-turning dumper, and the right one with a left-turning dumper.

The proposed fundamentally structural and technological scheme of the relative arrangement of aggregate components of the coulter at certain parameters and ratios makes it possible to have a combined agrotechnical effect when operating the combined coulter.

The arrangement of bilateral trihedral wedges above the soil-guiding strata at the edges of the lancet paw allows not only to increase its stabilization in the direction of movement, but also to increase the degree of obtaining fine-grained fractions of the soil in the upper layer.

The execution of the actuator and dumpers right-handed allows you to limit the magnitude of the rejection of soil lumps during operation and to close up the trace formed after the passage of the rack with the vas deferens. The execution of the wedges with double-sided trihedral and the arrangement of dumpers from their back edge allows covering the sown seeds after distribution along the cutting plane with fine-grained fractional soil material, without violating the uniformity of seed sowing. Joining dumpers to the back of the wedges with the ability to move them in height provides a more even layer of soil laid over the seeds.

Figure 1 shows a front view of a combination opener.

Figure 2 shows the opener with a neckline, view A of figure 1.

Figure 3 shows the opener, side view.

The combined opener for tillage and sowing includes a seed tube - a hollow rack 1; stabilizer 2; seed distributor 3; camera 4; soil guide plate 5; limiter 6; packer 7; transverse plate 8; lancet paw 9; sowing chamber 10; rack 11 paws; bilateral trihedral wedges 12, rear face 13 of the wedge 12, ears 14, leash 15, ploughshare 16, left-turning 17, right-turning 18 dumpers, L - dump of the dumper, edge of the dumper 19.

To the stand 11 of the lancet paw 9, a hollow stand is tightly fixed - the seed tube 1, in which the stabilizer 2 with the distributor 3 seeds are located, and under it there is a chamber 4, on the sides of which are placed the guide plates 5, and in front of the limiter 6. Under the paw 9 are placed the subsoilers 7 with a transverse plate 8, forming a chamber 10. A design feature of the proposed combined opener is that double-sided trihedral wedges 12 are rigidly attached to the soil guide plates 5, on the back faces 13 of which there are ears 14 . To these ears are attached leashes 15 left and right-hand dumpers 17 and 18 with plowshares 16 and edges 19.

The agrotechnical feature of the new opener is that the opener parameter - the amount of dump of the dumper is determined by the formula:

L = 1 / 2B- (k + Δ),

where L is the amount of departure of the dump truck, mm

In - the width of the paw of the opener, mm;

k is a design parameter, mm;

Δ is the size of the gap - the gap between the edge 19 and the right (left) sidewall of the rack 1, mm

When the combined coulter is deepened into the soil, the paw 9 cuts and raises the soil layer, packers 7 form grooves, preparing a bed for seeds. Seeds dispersed over the cross section of the vas deferens — racks 1 are stabilized by stabilizer 2. Seeds along the distributor 3 are directed to the exit, pushed onto plates 8, which direct them to the soil. Limiters 6 prevent the seeds from being distributed outside the bed. The soil guide plate 5 and the dumpers 17, 18 cover the seeds evenly with fine-grained fractions of the soil. When operating the combined opener at higher speeds, the soil layer raised by the paw under the action of the struts 11 and 1 intensively diverges on the sides. To eliminate this phenomenon, it is necessary to raise the leash 15 of dumpers 17, 18 up to a certain position. This adjustment is also carried out when increasing the depth of cultivation of cultivated crops or when using the proposed combined opener for tillage at various depths. It should be noted that during the operation of the lancet paw with bilateral trihedral wedges, its stability in the direction of movement of the opener increases.

In addition, when using a combined opener for soil treatment, double-sided trihedral wedges increase soil crumbling.

Combined opener meets modern environmental requirements, will reduce the cost of crop production.

Sources taken into account when preparing the application.

1. Taranin V.I. Open coulter for variable seeding A.S. USSR No. 719529, MKI A01C 7120, Bull. fig. No. 9. 1980.

2. Alimov D., Maksimchuk G. Soshnik. The rural machine operator. Number 4. 2005. P.12.

3. SU Patent No. 1155173A, publ. 05/15/85. C.5.

Claims (2)

1. Combined coulter for tillage and sowing, containing the vas deferens - hollow stand, stabilizer, seed distributor, chamber, soil guide plates, limiter, packer, plate, lancet foot with a stand, sowing chamber, characterized in that above the soil guide plates at the edges of the lancet paws are double-sided trihedral wedges with left- and right-turning dumpers located behind each two-sided trihedral wedge, and are attached to their rear faces with the possibility of emescheniya height in a longitudinal vertical plane. 2. The combined opener according to claim 1, characterized in that the left wedge is equipped with a right-hand dumping unit, and the right one is equipped with a left-hand dumping unit.

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