RU2302094C2 - Seed-sowing device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device includes colter, water tank and water line to supply water or apply liquid solutions of pesticides and fertilizers. End of water line is provided with water outlet. The latter is made in form of round-section head with flat blade on end. Water outlet is installed after colter so that its blade can be arranged parallel to soil surface at depth of seed sowing for delivering water or liquid solutions of pesticides and fertilizers under blade.

EFFECT: provision of intrasoil watering of seeds and application of solutions of fertilizers and pesticides simultaneously with sowing, wetting of seed bed, seeds and upper layer of soil to increase field germination rate and yield.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to devices for sowing seeds and sowing units.

Known working bodies, tillage paws for loosening the soil and simultaneous intra-soil application of liquid fertilizers and pesticides [1, 2, 3], as well as combined coulters and devices [4, 5, 6] for seed treatment and fertilizing and herbicides simultaneously with sowing. However, they do not supply the solution directly to the seed bed to the seeds.

The closest technical solution is a combined tool for tillage and fertilizing, including a coulter, a water tank, water supply for making liquid solutions of pesticides and fertilizers [7].

The disadvantage of this device is the ability to treat seeds with low rates of fertilizer, stimulants and pesticides up to 1-2 l / ha, since the flow of the solution moistens the top soil layer with a high flow rate, and the coulter becomes clogged with moist soil, and the sowing process is disturbed, as well as when the moistened surface of the soil dries, a crust forms, which prevents the germination of seeds. We adopted this unit as a prototype.

The objective of the invention is the provision of subsoil watering of seeds with water or solutions of nutrients and pesticides simultaneously with sowing to moisten the seed bed, seeds and dry topsoil to increase field germination of seeds of cultivated plants and productivity.

The task is achieved in that the device is equipped with a flexible elastic water supply, at the end of which there is a water outlet extended by the opener and made in the form of a tip with a transition from a circular cross-section of the water supply to a plane in the form of a scapula, under which the solution is supplied from the water supply. The water outlet is installed with the possibility of arranging its scapula parallel to the soil surface at the depth of seeding.

Due to the fact that the seeds laid on the seed bed in the top dry soil layer are watered with water (or a solution of nutrients and pesticides of a certain concentration) at the same time as sowing, it is ensured: moistening the soil and creating a moisture reserve around the seeds; better soil contact with seeds; starting supply of nutrients; protection of seedlings from pests and diseases; saving irrigation water, as there is no need for pre-emergence moisturizing irrigation. This complex allows you to get friendly seedlings of plants 2-5 days earlier and higher productivity.

The invention is illustrated in figures 1-4.

In Fig.1 presents a device for sowing seeds having a combined opener, Fig.2-4 - water outlet - side view, top and front.

The device consists of a container 1 with water (mounted on a tractor), a combined opener 2 to commercially available seeders (skid-mounted, disk or other), a water pipe 3 and a water outlet 4 in the form of a blade at the end.

The device operates as follows.

From the seed box, the seeds 5 (Fig. 1) enter the combined coulter 2, which, when moving, pushes the top layer of soil 6, forming a groove with the seed bed 7, into which the seeds come and are sprinkled with soil. At the same time, a stream of water (or nutrient solution) is fed from the tank 1 through the water supply pipe 3 and the water outlet 4 into the soil on the seed bed 7 to the seeds filled with soil 5. The water supply pipe 3 with the water outlet 4 have a length of 5-20 longer than the body of the combined opener 2 cm, necessary for supplying a stream of water in a row to the seed bed 7 with seeds 5 so that the seeds 5 are already covered with soil or just before filling, which ensures water supply not to the surface of the soil 6, but inside the soil to a sowing depth of 8 (Fig. .2), i.e. water is distributed g seed forms a humidification circuit 9.

To ensure the supply of water to the soil on the seed bed 7 (Fig.2-4) and to the seeds 5, the outlet 4 is made in the form of a tip with a transition from a circular cross-section of the water supply 3 to the plane in the form of a scapula. Water is supplied under the scapula of the outlet 4 to the seed bed 7, which ensures absorption in the lower part of the soil, i.e., the seed bed, and the plane of the scapula of the water outlet 4 prevents the absorption of water into the upper part of the soil sprinkled on the seeds, and prevents the formation of soil crust. In addition, the scapula of the water outlet 4 presses the seeds into the moistened seed bed 7, thereby providing better contact of the seeds with the soil and faster germination. Water is supplied from tank 1 to water outlet 4 by gravity under slight pressure (pressure 1-3 m) or by a pump, which ensures self-cleaning of the water outlet from adhering soil.

The dimensions of the soil moisturizing circuit 9 are regulated depending on the size of the seeds, the depth of sowing, the type of crop, the duration of seed germination, the presence of moisture in the soil and the forecast of weather conditions for the period of seedling production. Watering is carried out in such a way that moisture does not moisten the topmost layer of soil and soil crust does not form on the surface, so in each case it is necessary to calculate the irrigation rate and the concentration of substances in the water.

Information sources

1. Copyright certificate SU No. 1009305 A01C 5/08, BI No. 13, 1981

2. Copyright certificate SU No. 1329652 A01C 7/20 // A01C 23/02, BI No. 30, 1987

3. Copyright certificate SU No. 1544233 A01C 7/20, BI No. 7, 1988

4. Copyright certificate SU No. 952131 A01C 7/20, BI No. 31, 1982

5. Copyright certificate SU No. 865169 A01C 7/20, BI No. 35, 1981

6. Copyright certificate SU No. 1575989 A01C 7/20, BI No. 25, 1990

7. Copyright certificate SU 17759 A01B 49/06, BI No. 13, 1982

Claims (1)

A device for sowing seeds, including the opener, a water tank and a water pipe for introducing water or liquid solutions of pesticides and fertilizers, characterized in that the end of the water pipe has a water outlet made in the form of a round tip with a flat blade at the end, while the water outlet is installed behind the opener with the possibility of arranging its scapula parallel to the soil surface at the depth of seeding and supplying a stream of water or liquid solutions of pesticides and fertilizers under the scapula.

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