RU2301686C1 - Apparatus for hypo-hyperoxitherapy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus can be used for receiving hypoxia and hyperoxia mixtures. Apparatus has compressor mounted in case in series with air preparation system made in form of heat exchanger provided with collector, gas-separating membrane element made in form of groups of flat diffusion meshes on base of polyvinyltrimethylsylane membranes placed in casing; cells are provided with couplings for letting air come, hypoxia mixture and air go, which air is enriched with oxygen. Apparatus also has moistener, receiver, and unit to be connected to patient. Groups of diffusion cells have different number of cells, which reduce in direction of air to be separated. Cells are disposed according to raise of selectivity coefficient along movement of air. System for supplying hypoxia and hyperoxia mixtures is provided with automatically switching valves. Design of apparatus provides variable influence of hypoxia and hyperoxia mixtures.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of treatment.

4 dwg, 3 ex, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to medical equipment and can be used in practical medicine to obtain hypoxic gas mixtures with low oxygen content, used for normobaric interval hypoxic training (IHT), as well as hyperoxic mixtures (GPS) with high oxygen content, used primarily for the combined method of normobaric hypo-hyperoxytherapy with the use of IHT and GPS.

An important area in practical medicine related to non-pharmacological methods of treatment, prevention and rehabilitation is the use of normobaric interval hypoxic training using hypoxic gas mixtures with a low oxygen content of 9-16 vol.% O ₂ . To obtain gas hypoxic mixtures, devices for hypoxic therapy of various modifications are created.

A device for producing a gas mixture for hypoxic therapy is known, comprising a compressor connected in series, a gas separation element made on the basis of hollow polymer fibers, a pipeline with a flow meter, a humidifier and means for connecting to a patient, as well as a system for regulating the parameters of the mode with means for monitoring the patient’s condition, connection to the patient is made in the form of a chamber (room) for breathing a hypoxic gas mixture.

[cm. USSR copyright certificate No. 1526688, publ. 1989].

The main disadvantage of this device is the impossibility of a strict dosage of the oxygen concentration in the GHS, which reduces the effectiveness of hypoxytherapy.

A device for hypoxytherapy is also known, including a compressor connected in series, a gas separation element made on the basis of hollow polymer fibers of polymethylpentene-1, a pipeline with a flow meter, a humidifier and a filter, a patient connection device made in the form of a mask with breathing valves, and a system regulating the parameters of the mode of respiration of the GHS. Europatent No. 0472799 A 1b, publ. 1992].

The main disadvantage of this device is its low productivity, which does not allow for gas production of more than 30 l / min for each patient and reduces the efficiency of its use, as well as the lack of reliability of the device.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is the application for an invention of January 18, 1995.

Apparatus for hypoxytherapy under normobaric conditions or normobaric interval hypoxic training, including a compressor sequentially installed in the housing, an air preparation system made in the form of a heat exchanger with a collector, a gas separation membrane element made in the form of a set of groups of flat diffuse cells based on polyvinyltrimethylsilane membranes placed in a casing equipped with three fittings for atmospheric air, a hypoxic mixture and oxygen enriched air Comprising also a humectant, a receiver, the connection unit to a patient with a respiratory mask and a patient control means (application for invention on 18 January 1995 goda №PCT / RU95 / 00003).

The disadvantage of the prototype are:

- increased cost of the membrane element as the main unit of the apparatus, which inhibits the possibility of mass implementation of this apparatus;

- the impossibility of using the combined method of hypo-oxytherapy, based on the use of hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures;

- insufficiently high productivity of the device for a gas mixture.

The technical result of the proposed apparatus for hypo-hyperxitherapy is the possibility of alternating exposure to hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures, increasing the productivity of these mixtures with a strict dosage of oxygen concentration and breathing time with these mixtures, as well as reducing the cost of the apparatus, which reduces the cost of manufacturing the apparatus while increasing productivity as hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures. In addition, the combined use of hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures with a certain interval of their supply to the breathing mask is provided.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the apparatus for hypo-hyperoxytherapy is additionally equipped with groups of diffusion cells, which include a different number of cells, decreasing in the direction of movement of the shared air, and the cells are arranged in order of increasing selectivity along the air, and the supply system is hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures equipped with automatically switching valves, providing a supply of hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures in the mask as defined programmed in the control system temporary mode of supply of gas mixtures.

The groups of diffusion cells contain a different number of cells in each group, which decreases in the direction of atmospheric air movement, and according to the efficiency of air separation, diffusion cells are located in the membrane element in order of increasing separation efficiency in the direction of air movement. This allows, in contrast to the prototype, to use almost all manufactured diffusion cells. It is impossible to practically fabricate all cells with the same high separation coefficient of O ₂ -N ₂ . In fact, the cells are manufactured in a wide range of separation coefficient O ₂ -N ₂ . If the prototype selected elements with the highest element of the value of the separation coefficient, then in this invention all elements are implemented. This allows, firstly, to use almost all 100% of the cells, while the prototype used 70% of the cells, which implements the cost of the membrane element by 30%. In addition, an increase in productivity of the apparatus according to the scheme is provided by at least 25%.

Ensuring the combined use of hypoxic and hyperoxic gas mixtures with a certain interval for feeding them into the breathing mask is solved by incorporating into the device design a system for supplying hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures to the mask, equipped with automatically switching valves that supply the hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures into the mask according to a certain programmed in the control system temporary gas supply.

The solution to this problem allows the optimal time interval of hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures. The optimal duration for hypoxic exposure is 5 minutes, for hyperoxic intervals 3 minutes, the number of episodes in a session is 4-6. The number of sessions for healthy men is 14-16, for women 14-22 (the period between the postmenstrual and menstrual phases).

For all examined individuals of different ages, IHT modes are selected according to the hypoxic test. We conduct a one-, two- and three-stage hypoxic test. Inhalation of the HS lasts 10 minutes. The oxygen content does not change, and the choice is based on anamnesis, clinical examination.

The choice of the oxygen content in the hypoxic mixture is justified by the fact that during inhalation of the hypoxic mixture, the saturation of arterial blood with oxygen and oxygen tension in it should be below the critical level by no more than 2-4 mm Hg. Subcompensated and tissue hypoxia is only beginning to develop and its damaging effect on cells and their structural elements is small, but its stimulating effect on tissue mechanisms of hypoxia compensation (acceleration of the synthesis of respiratory enzymes and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of building proteins) is already showing.

After a course of IHT, hypoxia from subcompensated goes into compensated, breathing function becomes more economical, oxygen consumption increases, which indicates the effectiveness of a course of IHT.

A factor in the development of body resistance is not only the period of hypoxia itself, but also the transition from hypoxia to normoxia - reoxygenation. With a periodic change in the level of oxygen (hypoxia-reoxygenation), the cell is saturated with molecules that increase its protection from harmful effects.

One of the factors for increasing the resistance of functional systems to damaging agents is the adaptation signal. Since the adaptation signal during the periodic action of hypoxia - normoxia is mediated by the periodic activation of the compensated free radical signal that induces the synthesis of the protective systems of the cell, the task was to increase the strength of the free radical signal not due to the intensity of the hypoxic effect, but due to the hyperoxic component.

For this purpose, based on the results of studying the mechanisms of action of periodic hypoxia or hyperoxia, we used a new method of interval hypoxic training, combining periods of hypoxia and hyperoxia. In this case, the method of achieving the resistance of the functional systems of the body was the use as a factor of adaptation of the periodic exposure to a gaseous medium with different levels of oxygen both below and above the normoxic level, i.e. alternating combination of hypoxia and hyperoxia.

It turned out that adaptation to the combined use of hypoxia and hyperoxia has a pronounced protective effect and the adaptation effect is achieved much earlier than when only periods of hypoxia are used for adaptation.

This is a significant difference and novelty from the previous level of medical technology. Wrong choice of the size of the time interval can drastically reduce the positive therapeutic effect or lead to a negative effect on the human body and the development of tissue hypoxia with destruction phenomena.

The automated supply of hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures also ensures the comfort of the procedure, especially when combining hypo-hyperoxytherapy with other treatment methods. The respiratory mask is in one position both during hypoxic effects and during hyperoxic ones. The patient does not need to wait all the time for sound and light signals and alternately use a breathing mask.

A brief description of the figures of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows the membrane gas separation element described above.

Figure 2 shows a General view of the apparatus for hypo-oxytherapy with a compressor located outside the apparatus.

Figure 3 shows a front view and a side view with the panels removed of the body of the apparatus for hypo-oxytherapy.

Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of an automated supply of hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures in a breathing mask.

Description of the device.

The proposed apparatus for hypo-hyperoxytherapy is equipped with a gas separation element, which is shown in figure 1. The gas separation element is a cylindrical metal limiter of volume 1, in which a bag is placed in an amount of 120-140 pieces of flat diffusion cells made of polyvinyltrimethylsilane grade PA-160-S-3.1. Each cell has a thickness of 1.5-2 mm and the average thickness of the gap between two adjacent cells is 1-1.3 mm.

The gas separation element has a manifold for discharge of a hyperoxic gas mixture 3, which is made of metal, hollow, with a wall thickness of 3-5 mm, with grooves for gas passage 60 × 12 mm in size. The diameter of the collector is 40-50 mm. The collector 3 ends with a fitting 4, designed to output the hyperoxic gas mixture and made with the possibility of connecting flexible hoses. The fitting 4 is made in the form of a cone, on which a flexible hose of polymer material is mounted. The cavity 8 has a fitting 5 for withdrawing a hypoxic gas mixture from the hypoxic cavity 8, which is made of metal with the possibility of connecting flexible hoses and is similar in design to the fitting 4. The cavity 8 is made with a support 6 having a vertical wall and a stainless steel manifold support 7, forming a tight volume for collecting a hypoxic gas mixture. The element has a compressed air inlet fitting 9 made of metal with the possibility of connecting a flexible hose, similar to the design of the fittings 4 and 5.

The package of cells 2 is equipped with a metal clip 10 with a window for the passage of gas, diffusion cells are collected in a package. The windows are round with dimensions that do not impede the penetration of the gas mixture.

The clip 10 on the package of cells is made in the form of a hard metal, preferably stainless steel, disk with round windows. The clamp is atmospheric air and serves to accommodate the clamping spring 12. The bolt 13 through the plate 14 compresses the spring to the required force. The element is equipped with an input cavity of atmospheric air 15.

The package of flat cells 2 by means of plates 16 is divided into separate groups, which can be up to 25. The group of diffusion cells contains a different number of cells in each group, which monotonously decreases in the direction of movement of atmospheric air, and according to the efficiency of air separation, diffusion cells are located in the membrane element in order of increasing separation efficiency in the direction of air movement. In the initial group of cells, the maximum number of cells with the minimum efficiency of air separation is located.

An example of the location of diffusion cells in a packet.

The package collected 120 cells. The table contains data on the number of cells in each group with the characteristic of the selectivity coefficient O ₂ / N ₂ . The selectivity coefficient is equal to the ratio of oxygen permeability to nitrogen permeability.

No., group one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 The number of cells in the group 40 twenty fifteen 13 eleven 8 6 four 2 one Selectivity coefficient 3.2 3.4 3.8 4.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2

The plates 16, as well as the clip 10, are equipped with windows 17 for organizing an ordered passage of shared air, which increases the contact surface of the air with the membrane. The package of cells 2 is isolated from the cavity 15 by a fabric winding 18. The winding is made of electrical insulating fabric impregnated with a compound filled with powdered quartz. The presence of the winding 18 allows you to separate the cavity of the input atmospheric air 15 and the cavity of the hypoxic gas mixture.

The apparatus for hypo-hyperoxytherapy depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3 consists of an oil-free membrane compressor 19, a metal housing 20, a gas separation membrane element 21, a flywheel of a gas hypoxic mixture controller (GHS) 22, a humidifier 23, a receiver 24, a mask with a check valve 25, a heart rate monitor with an oxygen sensor 26, a heat cooler with a condenser collector 27, an automatic condensate drain 28, a gas mixture flow control valve 29, an adjustable nozzle 30, a safety valve 31, a light signal 32, and a sound th signal 33 and control panel 34, as well as automated feeding system hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures in a respiratory mask (4).

The proposed apparatus for hypo-hyperoxytherapy according to the present invention is equipped with a gas mixture flow regulator (Fig. 2, 3). The flow regulator is branched into two lines. The branching is provided by a tee with plastic piping attached to it. Each of the highways is equipped with a device for regulating the flow of the hypoxic mixture. A valve is located on the first line of the gas line, which, using a needle-type control element with a flywheel, provides a smooth adjustment of the oxygen content of the hypoxic gas mixture from 9 to 16% with control on a light panel indicating the oxygen concentration.

On the second along the highway, an adjustable needle-type nozzle is installed, designed so that a hypoxic mixture with an oxygen content of at least 9% does not enter the patient.

This design allows with high reliability to regulate the composition of the hypoxic gas mixture and eliminates the supply of the mixture to the patient with an oxygen content that could harm the patient's health.

The proposed apparatus for hypo-hyperoxytherapy contains a receiver, which is a container for storing a stock of hypoxic gas mixture, equipped with a safety valve with automatic pressure relief.

The apparatus is also equipped with a system for the automated supply of hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures into a breathing mask (Fig. 4), having a communication of the hypoxic mixture 35 connected to the membrane element 21, a communication of the hyperoxic mixture 37, also connected to the membrane element.

The communications are equipped with pneumatic valves 38 and 39 for discharging gas mixtures into the atmosphere, as well as 40 and 41 - blocking the supply of hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures to the mask, respectively. Temporary modes of supply of hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures are set in the control system.

The apparatus for hypo-hyperoxytherapy is mounted as follows.

Example 1

A device for controlling the flow of a hypoxic gas mixture 29, a receiver 24 with a safety valve, a remote control with a control panel is mounted in the housing 20. Then, the gas separation membrane element 21 and the compressor unit 19 are mounted (if placed in the housing). Then, a humidifier 23, a heart rate monitor 26, a heat cooler with a condensate collector 27, an automatic condensate drain unit 28, an adjustable nozzle, a light signal and an audio signal are mounted. Mounted also a system of automated supply of hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures to the breathing mask (figure 4). Further, the elements of the pneumatic system are connected by plastic hoses and electric cables. After monitoring the connections, the installation is included in the network. Using the control equipment, the pneumatic system is set up.

The heart rate monitor is a stand-alone device made in the traditional way, mounted in a control panel for hypo-oxytherapy. The heart rate monitor operates autonomously and communicates with the control system of the device, which is necessary to supply a signal to turn it off at critical values of the parameters used by it, in particular, the patient’s pulse rate and SpO ₂ (oxygen saturation of hemoglobin).

Automatic shutdown of the apparatus consists in shutting off) the compressor with the supply of sound and light signals. It is produced by the electronic control system of the apparatus for hypo-hyperoxytherapy by a signal from the heart rate monitor in case of a deviation from the norm of the controlled parameter.

The light signal is emitted by an LED located on the side of the control panel facing the patient. The sound signal is supplied in the form of a conditional melody by a loudspeaker mounted on the panel of the remote control from the patient's side.

Panels are included in the control unit, on the first of them the doctor sets the mode of the training session - the duration of inhalation of the hypoxic mixture and the duration of inhalation of the hypoxic mixture, about the number of episodes in the session. A light signal automatically appears on the second panel of the control unit about the beginning of the session, the beginning and end of inhalation of the hypoxic and hyperoxic mixture, and the end of the session.

The presence in this apparatus of a “hypoxicator” of additional devices - a volume meter and a heart rate monitor makes it possible to determine many functional indicators: minute, respiratory volume of respiration, its frequency, composition of exhaled and alveolar air, alveolar ventilation, its share in the minute volume of respiration, oxygen consumption, heart rate contractions, saturation of arterial blood with oxygen. This can be used to determine the state of the body at rest, as well as to assess the degree of hypoxia in patients during inhalation of the hypoxic mixture and restore functional parameters during hyperoxia. Using automated analysis and modeling of the state of the body, you can quickly process the test results in hypoxic and hyperoxic conditions.

The proposed apparatus for hypo-hyperoxytherapy is additionally equipped with a heat cooler of the source air installed in front of the gas separation element, which is equipped with a condensate collector and an automatic condensate drain unit.

The heat source air cooler is made in the form of a spiral from a metal, in particular steel or aluminum pipe with a diameter of 8-12 mm, equipped at the end with a condensate collecting tank. The spiral and capacity are forcedly blown by an air fan.

An automatic condensate drain unit is installed on the condensate drain line, which is an electro-pneumatic valve that opens when the unit stops upon a signal from the control unit.

Apparatus for hypo-hyperoxytherapy works as follows.

Example 2

The device is connected to the network. By pressing a button on the remote control, the control system is turned on, it warms up for 10-15 minutes and then remains on throughout the treatment day. By pressing another button, the compressor turns on and after 5-10 minutes the device is ready for operation.

In accordance with the medical indications for a particular patient, the operator sets the program of the treatment session on the remote control (the time for the hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures to be fed into the mask and the rotation of the flywheel, valve 39 set the necessary oxygen concentration in the gas mixture supplied to the patient and is constantly indicated in one of the windows of the control system console) . The heart rate sensor is attached to the finger of any of the patient’s hands and, by pressing the start button on the remote control, a command is given to start the session.

The light alarm lights up and the sound signal sounds. The patient with his free hand from the heart rate sensor presses the mask with valve 7 on his face and holds it for the entire breathing cycle, permanent fixation with the help of a rubber band is possible.

The process of supplying hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures to the mask is as follows (Fig. 4): upon command from the control system, a signal is sent to close valve 38 and open valve 40. Valve 39 opens and valve 41 closes, after which the hypoxic gas mixture is supplied to the mask , and the hyperoxic mixture is discharged into the atmosphere. After a certain time, the valve 40 closes, the valve 38 opens, the valve 39 closes, and the valve 41 opens, as a result of which the hyperoxic mixture is supplied to the mask, and the hypoxic mixture is discharged into the atmosphere.

The patient and the operator are notified of the end of the session by light and sound signals placed on the scoreboard. Changing the concentration of O ₂ in gas mixtures during the session, if necessary, is carried out by the operator of the corresponding valves. At the end of the session, by pressing the appropriate button, the compressor turns off until the next treatment begins.

Using the apparatus for hypo-oxytherapy under normobaric conditions is as follows.

Example 3

An interval hypoxic training session included brief inhalation (5 minutes) of a hypoxic mixture with 11-16% oxygen, repeated 4-6 times in one session under normal atmospheric pressure and inhalation of a hyperoxic mixture (3 minutes) with an oxygen concentration of not more than 30%. The number of sessions for healthy men is 14-16, for women 14-22 (the period between the postmenstrual and menstrual phases). The patient and the operator are notified of the end of the session by light and sound signals placed on the scoreboard.

Industrial applicability

Using the proposed apparatus for hypo-hyperoxytherapy under normobaric conditions allows to provide the following advantages:

- to provide high gas production by hypoxic gas mixture, at the rate of 40-60 l / min for each patient, which allows a course of treatment not only for one patient, but also for two;

- high reliability of the apparatus and practical trouble-free throughout the life of the work due to the presence in the design of the apparatus of additional structural elements that provide high reliability of the apparatus;

- the proposed apparatus for hypo-hyperoxytherapy can be used to treat patients with bronchopulmonary, cardiovascular diseases, anemia, hypo- and hyperthyroidism, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, chronic gynecological diseases, after surgery, and also to train athletes to achieve best results in competitive periods;

- a more comfortable reception of the procedure, especially when combining hypo-hyperoxytherapy with other treatment methods. The respiratory mask is in one position both during hypoxic effects and during hyperoxic ones.

- the apparatus for hypo-hyperoxytherapy in connection with its cheapening may be available for a wider population.

Claims (1)

Apparatus for normobaric hypo-, hyperoxytherapy, including a compressor sequentially installed in the housing, an air preparation system made in the form of a heat exchanger with a condensate collector, a gas separation membrane element made in the form of a set of groups of flat diffusion cells, based on polyvinyltrimethylsilane membranes placed in a casing, equipped with fittings for air intake, output of a hypoxic mixture and output of oxygen enriched air, humidifier, receiver, patient connection unit, soda holding a mask with a non-return valve, a means of monitoring the patient’s condition, including an oxygen gas analyzer and a heart rate monitor, as well as a control system, characterized in that the groups of diffusion cells include a different number of cells, decreasing in the direction of movement of the shared air, and the cells are arranged in increasing order of selectivity with respect to air movement, and the system for supplying hypoxic and hyperoxic mixtures is equipped with valves for the automatic supply of hypoxic and hyperoxic cm B in the mask by a certain programmed in the temporary mode control system supplying gas mixture.

Images