RU2300342C2 - Tooth implant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine; dentistry.

SUBSTANCE: tooth implant has hollow thin-walled cylinder made for fixation of prosthetic appliance to it. Tooth implant also has cylindrical head with extending rod, which head is mounted onto bottom of gum made in gum bone; cylindrical head makes contact with edge of thin-walled cylinder. Extending rod is disposed inside thin-walled cylinder. Thin-walled cylinder is made of plastic deformed to make cylindrical head being pulled through it.

EFFECT: provision of air-proofness of cavity formed inside implant and gum; higher reliability of fixation.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to dental implants.

State of the art

Dental implants are known, international application WO 9415544, published July 21, 1994, and RF patent No. 2144338, published January 20, 2000. According to these known devices, the implant is configured to increase its transverse size so that it is pressed against the wall of the hole made in the jaw bone,

The disadvantages of these known devices is the insufficiently stable fixation of the implant in the hole due to the fact that only the lower edges of the implant elements made in the form of collets are pressed against the wall of the hole; rapid filling of the implant cavities with regenerated bone tissue is not ensured.

Known dental implant, French patent 2623709, published 02.06.1992, made in the form of a hollow thin-walled cylinder, equipped with an element for attaching a prosthesis to it. This device is the closest analogue of the invention. A disadvantage of the known dental implant is that it takes a considerable time to fix it in a hole made in the jaw bone.

Disclosure of invention

The invention is aimed at providing reliable, stable fixation of a dental implant when it is inserted into a hole made in the jaw bone, and subsequently due to bone tissue regeneration.

The technical result of a dental implant is its ability to be fixed in the hole immediately after it is inserted into the hole. Since the walls of the implant are firmly pressed against the walls of the well, significant stability of the implant is ensured. A significant technical result is the fact that the tightness of the cavity formed inside the implant and the hole is ensured. In addition, the presence of a significant cavity inside a thin-walled implant increases the reliability of its fixation after filling the cavity with regenerated bone tissue.

The indicated technical results are achieved in a dental implant made in the form of a hollow thin-walled cylinder, with the possibility of attaching a prosthesis to it, additionally including a cylindrical head mounted on the bottom of the hole made in the jaw bone and in contact with the edge of the thin-walled cylinder located inside the thin-walled cylinder wherein the thin-walled cylinder is made plastically deformable when the heads of the exhaust rod are pulled through it.

A thin-walled cylinder on the side of the prosthesis attachment to it may be provided with a stop for the cylindrical head.

The diameter of the cylindrical head is larger than the internal diameter of the thin-walled cylinder.

Thin-walled cylinder may be made with a hole or several holes in its wall. The presence of holes or holes in the wall of a thin-walled cylinder accelerates the filling of its internal cavity with regenerated bone tissue.

For the manufacture of implants, it is known to use various materials: ceramic (for example, alumina ceramics), metals, including alloys of gold, silver, titanium and nickel-chromium-vanadium alloys, nickel-aluminum-vanadium alloys, as well as industrially pure titanium.

Titanium - a widespread metal - is lightweight, resistant to corrosion, lends itself well to processing, without losing high strength. A strong oxide layer (predominantly titanium dioxide) spontaneously forms on the titanium surface, which is a stable ceramic compound on which a bone mineralized matrix can be deposited. This initial oxide surface with a thickness of 50-100 nm during the installation of the implant is covered with plasma proteins (mainly fibronectin and vitronectin).

An important requirement for implants - biological compatibility - is ensured by the biological inertness of this oxide surface. Currently, the main materials used for the manufacture of implants are industrially pure titanium, titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy and hydroxyapatite.

Titanium is the ninth most common element on earth. It is mainly found in the form of titanium dioxide, which is soft but durable for its weight, and has high ductility and stability. In order to obtain a biocompatible material with higher strength, an alloy was developed.

For dental implants, pure industrial titanium is recommended. Industrial grade titanium has excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. In our country, for the production of dental implants using technically pure titanium grades VT 1-0 and VT 1-00 (GOST 19807-91). Abroad, the so-called "commercially pure" titanium of four grades (Grade 1-4 ASTM, ISO) and the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V (ASTM, ISO), which is an analogue of the domestic alloy VT-6, are used.

In the claimed invention, both pure titanium and its alloys widely used in prosthetics can be used as an implant. Plastic deformation and maintaining the shape of the cylinder after pulling the head through it contributes to its thin-walled shape (about 0.2-1.5 mm), as well as the hole (s) in the cylinder or grooves on its surface.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In Fig.1, a dental implant is presented as it is inserted into a hole made in the jawbone.

Figure 2 presents a dental implant after plastic deformation of the walls of a thin-walled cylinder.

The implementation of the invention

In Fig.1 and 2, the dental implant is presented in cross section. A dental implant includes a hollow thin-walled cylinder 1 provided with an element 2 for attaching to it a prosthesis or a part intermediate between the implant and the prosthesis. A dental implant also includes a cylindrical head 3 mounted on the bottom of the jaw made in the jawbone and in contact with the edge of the thin-walled cylinder with an exhaust rod 4 located inside the thin-walled cylinder 1. The thin-walled cylinder 1 is made plastically deformable when the heads of the exhaust rod 3 are pulled through it. cylinder 1 can be made with a hole 5 for faster filling of its inner cavity 6 with regenerated bone tissue. On the side of the prosthesis attachment to it, a thin-walled cylinder is made with a protrusion 7, which serves as a stop for the cylindrical head.

After the implant is inserted - a thin-walled cylinder 1 with a cylindrical head 3, equipped with an exhaust rod 4, into a cylindrical hole made in the jaw bone, the cylindrical head 3 is pulled inside the thin-walled cylinder 1, plastically deforming its walls and pressing them against the walls of the hole. To extend the cylindrical head 3, an exhaust rod 4 is used with the nut 8 screwed on it. The cylindrical head is pulled to its stop by means of expansion tongs, one sponge of which abuts against the end of the thin-walled cylinder 1, and the other into the nut 8. After pulling the cylindrical head and its stop in the protrusion 7, the part of the exhaust rod 4 with the nut 8 is cut off. The cylindrical head 3 hermetically closes the cavity 6 formed after its drawing. Cavity 6 is filled with regenerated bone tissue, usually within 3-5 weeks after implant placement.

Claims (5)

1. A dental implant made in the form of a hollow thin-walled cylinder, with the possibility of attaching a prosthesis to it, characterized in that it further includes a cylindrical head mounted on the bottom of the hole made in the jaw bone and in contact with the edge of the thin-walled cylinder with an exhaust rod located inside the thin-walled cylinder, while the thin-walled cylinder is made plastically deformable when the cylindrical head is pulled through it. 2. The dental implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the thin-walled cylinder on the side of the prosthesis attachment thereto is provided with a stop for the cylindrical head. 3. The dental implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the cylindrical head is larger than the internal diameter of the thin-walled cylinder. 4. The dental implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the thin-walled cylinder is made with a hole or several holes in its wall. 5. The dental implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves are applied to the outer surface of the thin-walled cylinder.

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