RU2395642C1 - Method for water suppression in basement premises of dwelling houses, administrative-industrial buildings and storehouses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to construction and may be used to arrange drainage system to control water level in basement premises. Method for water depression in basement premises of dwelling houses, administrative-industrial buildings and storehouses includes digging drainage channels, assembly of precast filtering well, laying filtering material or perforated pipes with filtering elements into channels, installation of pump into well, which drains water from well and is equipped with connection and disconnection breaker. Drainage channels and precast filtering well are assembled in ground inside area fenced by house foundation, in order to create depression zone on area limited by house foundation. In case this area is separated by solid walls of foundation, or there are foundation screeds, shafts are drilled, which are also filled with filtering material, or in which perforated pipes are installed with filtering elements. Outlet hole of pump is connected to sewage system of the house. Connection of pump outlet to connection and disconnection breaker to sewage system of the building results in cleaning of pipes and joints in sewage system. ^ EFFECT: improved efficiency of water level control in basement premises and reinforcement of foundations with various configuration.

Description

The invention relates to the construction, namely, the organization of drainage of basements of houses.

A well-known drainage system of a sports ground (patent No. 2344222 RU, 10.26.2007), including drainage channels (ring, collective) drainage channels located at different depths and compacted soil of the base of the drainage layers of the drainage system, filled with drainage and filtering materials. What is new is that the main and drainage corrugated drainage pipes, respectively, are wrapped in geotextile in the main and drainage drainage channels of the sports ground. The entire profiled and re-compacted surface of the granite crushed stone of the sports field is covered with a layer of geotextiles. The entire surface of the specified geotextile is filled with compacted, profiled and re-compacted granite screenings, the surface of which is covered with a second layer of geotextile, on the surface of which an artificial covering of the sports ground is laid.

A device for collecting and removing drainage water (patent No. 2237006 RU, 13.06.2006), which contains drainage pipes connected to drainage wells, which in turn are connected to a well of storm sewers, in which a vertical pipe of a drain pipe with a non-return valve is installed, made with the possibility of creating a vacuum when the drainage water flows out of it. The drainage wells are sealed. A drainage well connected to a drainage pipe with a storm sewage well is provided with a hydraulic shutter and is installed below each drainage well connected to the drainage pipes so that the water level in the hydraulic lock is always below the level of the lower wall of the corresponding drainage pipe.

A known method of laying drainage for agricultural reclamation (AS No. 1701815 SU, 12/13/1989), including cutting of mole drainage along a continuous route against the background of laid closed drains arranged parallel to one another, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity and drainage efficiency, before cutting the mole drainage, mark the site by loosening the soil along the route of closed drains, and cutting the mole drains is performed at different depths and with a bias towards the closed drains, while the first mole drain they lay along the diagonal of the plot, and each subsequent mole drain is arranged at an angle to the previous one, moreover, the laying of deep mole drains is alternated with the laying of small mole drains.

Its improved version is also known (AS 990951), in which the mid-troughs located on adjacent drains are offset relative to each other by half the distance between the staggered wells.

A known method of building a drainage system (AS 987020 SU, 06/03/1981), including laying drains and loosening the upper soil layer, characterized in that in order to reduce the cost of building the system and increasing labor productivity, the upper soil layer is loosened with a variable depth, decreasing towards the middle of the interdistriction.

A known method of combating water erosion (AS 1311634), according to which, starting with the dividing line, cut horizontal depressions in horizontal lines in series that are parallel to the drainage depressions and between the depressions. The distance B between the outlet recesses is determined by the formula: B = t * K _f (a + 2h _f ) / (Q _sh * K _st -Q _ak ), where t is the snowmelt time, h; To _f - the filtration coefficient of thawed parent rock, m / h; a- the width of the drainage recesses, m; K _st - meltwater runoff coefficient along the slope; Q _sh - water supply in the snow at the beginning of snow melting, m; Q _ak - the amount of accumulated moisture, m

The closest analogue is a drainage system (AS No. 812879), including a closed collector-drainage network connected to wells filled with filter material located in the lower part of the hollow, in which, in order to improve water drainage, reduce the amount of work and simplify, preservation of soil fertility, hollows are made in the form of mutually intersecting depressions with domed elevations between them, and the wells are located at the intersection of these hollows.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of regulating the water level in the basement of houses, strengthening their foundations of various configurations.

The goal is achieved by creating a depression zone in the soil over the area of the basement, for which soil is being developed, a system of drainage channels is created inside the area bounded by the foundation of the house. Filter material or perforated pipes with a filter element are placed in the channels. Soil under the mine is also being developed, where a prefabricated filter well is installed for the accumulation of ground and emergency waters. Channels are interconnected. As a result, the assembled system allows you to drain emergency ground water with a low flow rate. Moreover, the emergency groundwater accumulated in the system complies with the norms and standards for wastewater and can be sent to the sewer system.

If the configuration of the basement or structural features, such as the presence of a wall and / or screed, do not allow the installation of drainage channels, vertical drainage is used. To do this, drill mines that combine the depressed zones of the divided areas and create a single depressed zone. If necessary, under the screed, the mines are interconnected by channels of small diameter. These shafts are also filled with filter material, or perforated pipes with a filter element are inserted into them.

The accumulated and filtered water is discharged using a pump with a power from 200 W to 400 W, which is equipped with an automatic machine that turns on the pump only when the water in the well rises to a certain level and turns it off when the water level drops to a predetermined mark. The pump sends the accumulated water in the system through a pipeline to the sewer system of the building. For this, an input is installed in the cover of the inspection hole of the sewer pipe, through which water from the pump enters the sewer system of the building. In order to prevent the formation of a hydraulic plug in the sewer pipe, the inlet is fixed to the lid directed so that the stream is directed along the general discharge of fecal water.

The connection of the pump with the sewer system of the house leads to the following technical result. Due to the low-power systematic water hammer arising in the system when the pump is turned on, the pipes and connections of the sewage system of the house are cleaned of toxins and fat deposits. As a result, the frequency of required revision work is reduced, and the service life of pipelines is increased.

Due to the automatic switching on and off of the pump, the required water level is set in the collecting and filtering well, which makes it possible to drain the top layer of basement soil to a depth of 600 mm to 1200 mm.

In case of emergency shutdown of the pump, the drained soil absorbs the incoming water, the water level in the basement can reach the emergency only after 3-5 days. This is enough to eliminate accidents in accordance with the standards.

A pump operating at low capacity, switched on only when the water level in the collecting and filtering well rises to a certain level and turns off when the water level drops to a specified level, ensures slow removal of water from the system. Due to which, when draining the basement, there is no leaching of soil from under the foundation.

In general, when regulating the water level in the basement of the house using the proposed system, the foundation is strengthened. Water coming from external soil carries particles of soil. Thanks to slow pumping and filters, the water speed is reduced. Since the specific gravity of the soil is higher than the specific gravity of water, soil particles are retained. Thus, soil compaction occurs under the foundation and throughout the basement area. Cracks in the structure also stop growing. In addition, foundation cracks, which are sources of water in the basement, are clogged with soil brought with water, and less water flows into the basement.

As a result, over time, a decrease in the frequency of turning on the pump and a decrease in the cost of implementing water reduction are achieved.

The implementation of the invention

The basement soil of the house is marked and drainage channels are developed.

They also dig a shaft for a filter well, mount it.

The specified well is combined with all drainage channels.

Filter material, such as gravel, is placed in the drainage channels. In the prefabricated filter well, a pump is installed, provided with an automatic on and off switch, a well is covered with an anti-vandal cover.

From the outlet of the pump to the sewer of the house conduct a flexible hose. A flange 200 mm long is attached to the lid of the inspection hole, directed along the drain of water in the pipe. A flexible hose is attached to the flange.

Examples

The area fenced by the foundation of the house is 720 m ² . The soil is formed by fine-grained sand. They develop drainage channels with a width of 0.4 m and a depth of 1.2 m. The channels are covered with gravel with a fraction of 20-40 mm. They develop soil under the shaft of a drainage well with a diameter of 2 m and a depth of 2 m. A drainage well with a diameter of 0.63 m and a depth of 2 m is mounted in it, gravel with a fraction of 20-40 mm is filled in between the wall of the well and the wall of the shaft. A drainage pump with a capacity of 200-400 watts is installed in the well. The outlet of the pump through a hose with a diameter of 32 mm is connected to the sewer pipe of the house. To do this, a 200 mm long flange is mounted to the lid of the inspection hole, so that the stream is directed along the general drain. As a result, the basement soil is drained 60 cm in depth.

Claims (1)

A method of reducing water in the basement of residential buildings, office buildings and storages, including digging out drainage channels, installing a prefabricated filter well, laying in the channels of filter material or perforated pipes with filter elements, installing a pump in the well that removes water from the well and provided with an automatic machine switching on and off, characterized in that the drainage channels and the collecting filter well are mounted in the soil inside the area enclosed by the foundation of the house, in order to create a depress zone in the area limited by the foundation of the house, if this area is divided by solid walls of the foundation, or there are screeds of the foundation, drill mines that are also filled with filter material, or into which perforated pipes with filter elements are inserted, the pump outlet is connected to the sewer home system.