RU2393664C1 - Device for harvesting tuberous roots - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to mechanisation of agricultural processes, particularly to mechanisation of vegetable growing. Device comprises internal combustion engine connected to reducing gear, including master shaft, slave shaft with gear, chain, metal frame with handles, two wheels and digging device. Engine comprises manual starter, at the same time rotation is transmitted to slave shaft with gear to wheels with cogs by chain from master shaft of reducer via intermediate shaft with gear. Digging device is made of two cultivator stands combined by means of bent and welded sheet of metal with scoop-like shape with wedge-like bayonet and side limiters. Chain transporter consists of master shaft with pulley and two gears, two chains connected to each other by means of metal bars, slave shaft with two guide gears with the possibility of driving by means of two belts from intermediate shaft via intermediate pulley fixed by means of tension device on frame.

EFFECT: harvest losses are reduced, labour efficiency increases.

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Description

The invention relates to the mechanization of agricultural processes, in particular to the mechanization of vegetable growing.

A device for harvesting potatoes (AS No. 47159), a manual potato digger containing a working body consisting of a base on which the teeth are rigidly fixed, an emphasis and a rotary assembly through which it connects to the handle, characterized in that the base has a length of 200 mm, and the distance between the teeth is 0.25 of the width of the working body. However, manual labor in a household economy is ineffective and difficult.

A device for harvesting potatoes (AS No. 2309572), a potato digger, which contains a walk-behind tractor with a digging device. Energy intensity and process reliability are increased. The device is expensive and its use in homesteads is difficult due to cumbersome. The potato digger is functional, however, when harvesting potatoes, the tubers burrow into the furrow, cover with clods of earth, and they must be collected manually, additionally digging the tubers with your hands.

The technical result achieved by the present invention is to provide the possibility of increasing productivity and reducing manual labor when harvesting potatoes, reducing crop losses.

This technical result is achieved in that a device for harvesting root crops containing an internal combustion engine connected to a reduction gear-reducer having a drive shaft, a driven shaft with gear, a chain, a metal frame with handles, two wheels and a digging device, is characterized in that the engine has a manual starter, with the chain from the drive shaft of the gearbox through the intermediate shaft with gear, the rotation is transmitted to the driven shaft with gear, to the wheels with spikes, and the digging device is made and h of two cultivating stands, combined by a curved and welded sheet of metal of a scoop-like shape with a wedge-shaped bayonet and side stops, and the existing chain conveyor consists of a drive shaft with a pulley and two gears, two chains interconnected by metal rods, a driven shaft with two guide gears with the ability to drive through two belts from the intermediate shaft through an intermediate dual pulley, mounted by means of tensioning devices on the frame.

By digging the device, the soil with root tubers rises and moves to the chain conveyor, where the tubers are sifted and laid out on the soil surface after passing the device. The wider and longer the conveyor, the more effective the screening and cleaning of root crops from the ground.

Figure 1 schematically shows a device for harvesting root crops, General side view; in FIG. 2 - in the upper projection, a digging device with a chain conveyor for root crops; figure 3 is a photo of a prototype device.

The device for harvesting root crops consists of a two-stroke internal combustion engine (1) with a manual starter (18), a reduction gear-reducer (2), a drive shaft with tapered bearings (3) and gears (7), an intermediate shaft (31), gears (30 ) and a pulley (4), a driven shaft (6) and a gear (28), a chain (8) of a connecting gear (7) and (30), a chain (32) connecting a gear (30) and (28), a metal frame ( 9) with handles (26), two wheels with spikes (10).

The digging device (33) consists of two cultivating stands (11), united by a curved and welded sheet of metal (24), having a scooped shape with a wedge-shaped bayonet (29). From the inside, metal sheets (25) are welded to the cultivating racks, which act as limiters and guides for the earth and root crops when they move to the conveyor (12). The chain conveyor (12) is mounted on the frame (9) and the frame handles (26) with four metal holders (19). The conveyor consists of a drive shaft (34) and two gears (13) and a pulley (14) fixed at its ends, as well as a driven shaft (35) with two guide gears (17). Gears (13) and (17) are connected by two chains (15). The chains (15) are interconnected by metal rods (16).

The device operates as follows. The engine (1) is started with a manual starter (18), gradually increasing its speed, which drives the gear-reducer (2). From the gear (7) of the drive shaft (3) of the gearbox (2), rotational movement through the chain (8) is transmitted to the gear (30) of the intermediate shaft (31), and from it through the chain (32) and gear (28) to the driven shaft (6) that rotates the wheels (10), the device moves. Using the handles of the frame (26), the wheels (10) are guided along the row-spacing, so that the wedge-shaped bayonet (29) of the digging device (33) cut the ground under the bush to the desired depth. The potato with earth enters the chain conveyor (12), which rotates, transmitted from the intermediate shaft (31) through the pulley (4) with a belt (5) to the intermediate twin pulley (22), mounted on the frame with tensioning devices (20) and ( 23). From the intermediate dual pulley (22) with a belt (27) stretched in the form of a figure of eight, rotational movement in the opposite direction is transmitted to the pulley (14) of the drive shaft (34) of the conveyor (12). From the shaft (34) through the gears (13), the chains (15) transmit the rotational movement to the guide gears (17) and the shaft (35).

Four circuits (8, 32, 15) and two belts (5 and 27) provide rotational motion to the wheels and the chain conveyor in the device. Belts, due to their elasticity, lend themselves well to tensioning with tensioning devices (20 and 23). Belts make it possible to transmit rotational motion to a sufficiently distant distance, and when the belt is twisted (27) in the form of a figure eight, the rotational motion is transmitted to the chain conveyor in the opposite direction, which the chain transmission does not allow.

Moving along the chain conveyor (12), the earth wakes up through the cracks between the rods (16), and the root and tubers are laid out on the soil surface, which greatly facilitates its manual collection, reduces crop losses, prevents violation of the integrity of the tuber peel, and increases labor productivity.

Claims (1)

A device for harvesting root crops containing an internal combustion engine connected to a reducer-creeper having a drive shaft, a driven shaft with a gear, a chain, a metal frame with handles, two wheels and a digging device, characterized in that the engine has a manual starter, while the chain from the drive shaft of the gearbox, through the intermediate shaft with the gear, the rotation is transmitted to the driven shaft with the gear, to the wheels with spikes, and the digging device is made of two cultivating racks united by a welded and welded metal sheet with a wedge-shaped bayonet and side stops, and the existing chain conveyor consists of a drive shaft with a pulley and two gears, two chains interconnected by metal rods, a driven shaft with two guide gears with the possibility of drive through two belts from the intermediate shaft through the intermediate pulley, mounted by means of a tensioning device on the frame.

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