RU2390585C1 - Installation for conversion of energy - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to power engineering and can be implemented at construction of installations for converting one kind of power into another by electrolysis. The installation for converting of power by means of electrolysis consists of a tank filled with water solution of electrolyte and also of channels for supply of water and water solution of electrolyte into the tank and for withdrawal of electrolysis products from the tank. Also internal surface of the tank has a shape of a truncated cone, internal surface of the tank is made ribbed, and water heated up to 90°C is supplied to the base of the tank. Notably, the tank is stationary and is installed vertically inside a stator of a-synchronous three-phase electric motor over a spiral coil placed in the base of the stationary tank. Electric and electro-magnet fields generated with the stator of a-synchronous three-phase electric motor and the spiral coil revolve water solution of electrolyte in the installation. Electrodes are the case of the tank, a ring inside the tank and an electrode secured on the cover of the tank, continuously contacting water solution of electrolyte, immersed in the middle of the water solution of electrolyte and designed to travel vertically. Also two latter electrodes are connected to a rectifier, while the stator of a-synchronous motor and the spiral coil are independently joined to a three-phase circuit.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of electrolysis, heat utilisation, production of electric power together with oxygen and hydrogen.

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Description

A device for converting energy relates to the field of power engineering and can be used to create devices for converting one type of energy to another by electrolysis.

A device is known for converting mechanical and thermal energies into electrical and chemical energy by decomposing water by electrolysis of an electrolyte solution and thereby producing hydrogen, oxygen, electricity and cold [1]. The device is equipped with a heat exchanger connected to the inside of the tank, the electrodes are either short-circuited with each other, or connected to a circuit through a consumer of electricity. The tank is mounted on a horizontal shaft with the ability to provide the estimated angular velocity of its rotation. The device also has channels for supplying the initial and removal of the final electrolysis products.

A disadvantage of the known device is the rotation of the container with electrolyte to high speeds, the complex design of the electrodes, the presence of many seals and attachment points both on the body and inside the tank, as well as low heat transfer with the environment and the heat exchanger inside the rotating tank. The required technical result in this device is impeded by the complexity of mounting on the shaft or on the frame of a rotating container with electrolyte, as well as the complexity of the design of the electrodes, the high cost of creating mechanical energy to rotate the capacity of the device and the low heat transfer capacity of the known device with the environment.

In addition, this device does not allow the production of hydrogen and oxygen until the threshold speed is reached, and the electrodes and the heat exchanger fail when rotating at high speeds. The receipt of thermal energy only through a tubular heat exchanger or through the smooth outer surface of the tank is not enough to increase the enthalpy of the solution, to compensate for the constant decrease in the temperature of the solution, i.e. make up for heat loss.

It is also known "Device for energy conversion", where the inner surface has the appearance of a truncated cone, the outer surface is ribbed, the tank is mounted on a vertical shaft with the possibility of supplying heated water to the base of the tank, one electrode is a tank, and the other is constantly in contact with an aqueous solution electrolyte, has a water supply system and the removal of electrolysis products, the removal of electrolysis products and the capacitance are isolated from each other and from the environment using an air shutter [2].

A disadvantage of the known device is the significant complexity of the design of the vessel body, the rotation of the vessel with an aqueous electrolyte solution, which requires a large expenditure of energy to overcome friction, as well as the difficulties associated with the removal of electrolysis products from the vessel in the presence of an air lock.

The aim of the invention is to simplify the design of the device for converting energy due to the rotation of an aqueous solution of an electrolyte located inside a fixed tank under the influence of electric and electromagnetic fields, increasing the efficiency of the electrolyzer, improving the operational characteristics of the device both in vehicles and in a hospital. The technical results obtained from the implementation of this invention include improving the efficiency of electrolysis due to the rotation of the electrolyte inside a fixed tank under the influence of electric and electromagnetic fields and the utilization of heat of any natural or man-made origin, along with the production of hydrogen and electric energy.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that a device for converting energy by electrolysis, containing a fixed tank 2, installed instead of a rotor inside an asynchronous three-phase electric motor above a spiral coil and made with the possibility of rotation of the aqueous electrolyte solution under the action of electric and electromagnetic fields having electrodes connected to the rectifier, as well as channels for supplying an aqueous solution of electrolyte and water 9 to the tank 2 and removal of electro products Liza 8 and 9. According to the invention, the inner part of the tank 2 is made in the form of a truncated cone 7, and the outer surface 6 is ribbed to improve heat transfer inside the tank 2 by increasing the amount of heat taken from the environment. The tank is configured to supply softened deaerated water heated to 90 ° C to its base.

The device contains a fixed, vertically mounted on a spiral coil capacity 2 instead of the rotor of an induction motor with the possibility of rotation of the aqueous solution of electrolyte 3 inside the tank, which rotates under the influence of electric and electromagnetic fields. The tank is mounted on the principle of mounting a conventional rotor in an induction motor. The device has electrodes 4 and 5 connected to the rectifier, one of which 4 has a positive charge and moves vertically for constant contact with the aqueous electrolyte solution, and the other electrode is a negative-charge capacitance case 2 not connected to the rectifier. The negative electrode ring 10 connected to the rectifier until the threshold speed value is reached, when the threshold speed value is reached, it is turned off.

Various design solutions of this device involve various options for its heat exchanger. The functions of the heat exchanger in the device are performed by constantly replenished softened water heated up to 90 ° C, the ribbed outer surface 6 of the tank body 2, which removes heat from the environment, and the inner conical part 7 of the tank 2.

The inner part of the tank is designed so that the aqueous electrolyte solution partially circulates and acts as an internal heat exchanger in the conical part. Structurally, the electrodes 5 and 4 are made so that they can be connected to the rectifier, thereby hydrogen and oxygen can be obtained even at low speeds of rotation of the aqueous electrolyte solution.

It is known that the binding energy of hydrogen and oxygen is 25,000 kJ / mol, and the total energy of electromagnetic fields created by the stator of an induction motor, spiral coil and electric field, resulting in the rotational movement of the aqueous electrolyte solution, is sufficient for the decomposition of water into hydrogen and oxygen.

It should be noted that the operation of a device with a rotating container with an aqueous electrolyte solution (according to the prototype) is very difficult both in the stationary embodiment and in moving vehicles. Therefore, the proposed device in operation is much more reliable than the known ones, since only an aqueous solution of the electrolyte rotates inside a stationary container.

The device for converting energy (Figure 1) operates as follows. Instead of a rotor inside the stator 10 of the asynchronous electric motor, a previously prepared aqueous electrolyte solution of the required volume is fed into the tank 2, which is mounted motionlessly on the spiral coil 1, instead of the rotor inside the stator 10. The tank is made with the possibility of supplying through the channel 9 to its base softened deaerated water heated to 90 ° C. In this case, the level of the aqueous electrolyte solution covers 1/3 of the length of the truncated cone 7, and the end of the vertically moving electrode 4 and the second electrode 2 (container body) are always in contact with the electrolyte.

An electric circuit includes stator coils, a spiral coil and electrodes 4 and 5 to create an electric field. Under the influence of electromagnetic and electric fields, the aqueous electrolyte solution is rotationally driven. When the threshold speed is reached and under the influence of the energies of the electromagnetic and electric fields, water is destroyed by hydrogen and oxygen due to the generated electric energy inside the device’s capacity when negative and heavy ions are separated. With the current being supported by an external source, the threshold rotation speed of the aqueous electrolyte solution can be significantly reduced. Water consumption due to decomposition into hydrogen and oxygen in the device is compensated by the dosed supply of softened hot water through the input channel 9.

In the process of operation of this device, under the action of centrifugal force in a container 2, in which cations and anions are in the form of hydrates having substantially different intrinsic masses, they are separated. Heavy ions with a negative charge are collected on the inner surface of the capacitance 2, forming a zone with an increased concentration of ions of the same name, forming a zone with a negative spatial electric charge, which induces an adequate charge from conduction electrons on the outer surface of the capacitor. Light ions are concentrated in the region between the specified space charge and electrode 4, forming their own positive spatial charge. As the electric field between the cations and the cathode surface increases, sufficient to create an electric field that can destroy the hydration shells of light ions, the ions approach the surface of the electrode 4 and discharge. Heavy ions pressed by centrifugal force to the surface of another electrode 2 will also give their charge to the electrode and a constant electric current will flow between them through a short-circuited conductor. In this case, the same reactions occur on the ring electrode and it is closed with another electrode through an aqueous electrolyte solution. The ions of the aqueous electrolyte solution will recover, forming hydrogen and oxygen, and the intermediate electrolysis products will enter into secondary reactions with the water topped up.

The recovered hydrogen and oxygen from the tank are removed through channels for removal of 8 and 9.

Figure 2. - 10 - the stator winding and the negative electrode ring, 2 - the body of a fixed tank.

The performance of the inventive hydrogen device is controlled by changing the frequency of rotation of the aqueous electrolyte solution, adjusting both the ohmic resistance of the consumer’s external electrical load and the magnitude of the electromagnetic fields generated by the spiral coil and stator of a three-phase asynchronous motor. In this regard, the device is significantly different from the known converters. Since the process of decomposition of water into oxygen and hydrogen is accompanied by a decrease in the enthalpy of the aqueous electrolyte solution, as a result of which the temperature of the aqueous electrolyte solution constantly decreases, and if heat losses are not replenished, the aqueous electrolyte solution will freeze and the process will stop. The electrode 4 of the device is fixed through a sealant and a glass jacket on the lid of the container and can be moved vertically so that the lower end is constantly in contact with an aqueous solution of electrolyte. The device allows you to separately collect oxygen.

The overall efficiency of the proposed device is greater than the efficiency of the prototype due to the greater absorption of heat from the environment and reduced energy consumption compared to a device where the capacity rotates with an aqueous solution of electrolyte and averages 0.90.

A device for converting energy, unlike the prototype, can be used both in internal combustion engines (ICE) and in stationary mode. The resulting hydrogen is collected in gas tanks or fed to storage tanks for further use, and oxygen is supplied to the oxygen purification and preparation station or used in ICE. Thus, there is a device operating both in a hospital and in an internal combustion engine with high efficiency for converting the energy of electromagnetic and electric fields and thermal energy from the environment into electrical and chemical energy.

Literature

1. Device for converting energy. Kudymov G.I., Studennikov V.V. Analog - RF Patent No. 2174162, С25В 9/00, 1/02, F02M 21/02, 1998

2. A device for converting energy. Batyrmurzaev Sh.D., Osmanov S.G., Belamerzaev N.M., Vlasov B.C. Prototype - RF Patent for Application No. 2006145262/15 (049411), 12.19.2006.

Claims (1)

A device for converting energy by electrolysis, containing a container filled with an aqueous solution of electrolyte, as well as channels for supplying water and an aqueous solution of electrolyte to the container and removal of electrolysis products from the container, the inner surface of the container having the form of a truncated cone, the outer surface of the container is ribbed, the container is made with the possibility of feeding into its base heated to 90 ° C water, characterized in that the tank is stationary and is installed vertically inside the stator of the asynchronous three-phase electric motor above the spiral coil installed in the base of the fixed vessel, the device is configured to rotate the aqueous electrolyte solution with electric and electromagnetic fields created by the stator of the asynchronous three-phase electric motor and the spiral coil, the electrodes are the container body, the ring inside the container and the electrode mounted on the cover of the container, constantly in contact with an aqueous electrolyte solution and lowered into the middle of an aqueous electrolyte solution with the possibility of ver ikalnogo movement, the latter two electrode connected to the rectifier, and the stator of the asynchronous motor and the helical coil are connected in a three-phase network autonomously.

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