RU2387836C1 - Method for open-pit mining of coal with application of adjacent mine infrastructure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining, in particular to development of coal beds by open method, and may be used in production of coal at large depths. Method includes preparation of coal beds for excavation, separation of coal from massif, its loading into transport vehicle and transportation to surface. As mining works are considerably deepened, coal cut bottom is profiled to produce lowered zone, by means of which mining works of coal cut are connected within the borders of its mining lease to mining works of adjacent mine within the borders of its mining lease, by performance of bed inclined mine opening. In this mine working water is drained from the bottom of coal cut, loosened coal is transported to mine, and exhaust gases are sent to mine from coal cut in the same mine, besides exhaust gases may further be recycled, and further transportation of coal to surface is carried out along transport network of mine. ^ EFFECT: improved efficiency of open-pit coal production with application of adjacent mine infrastructure. ^ 2 dwg

Description

The alleged invention relates to mining, in particular to the development of opencast coal seams, and can be used in coal mining at great depths.

A known method of open-pit coal mining, including the preparation of the earth's surface within the field or its plot, intended for development; drainage of the coal mine field and its protection from water intake; opening a coal mine field; stripping and mining operations [1]. The disadvantage of this method is that the effective development of a coal deposit is possible only at a relatively shallow depth. With the immersion of mining, the organization of coal and overburden transportation is complicated; increasing energy and labor costs for wastewater; there is an urgent need to ventilate the mine workings, especially at the bottom of the coal mine, since the heavy exhaust gases from the operation of the coal mine equipment accumulate there.

The closest analogue, adopted as a prototype, is a method of open mining with the use of the infrastructure of an underground mining enterprise (mine). The method includes preparing the mineral for excavation, separating the mineral from the massif, loading it into a vehicle and transporting it to the surface, combining the mining operations of an open-cast mining enterprise with the mining operations of an adjacent mine, airing the mined-out space of an open-cast mining enterprise and draining water from it to the mine [ 2].

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- two transport streams of an open-pit enterprise (stripping and minerals) are carried out on the same ledges, which complicates the organization of transporting minerals and stripping;

- as mining operations deepen, open-pit enterprises produce more and more exhaust gases from equipment operation. Since exhaust gases are heavier than atmospheric air, they accumulate at the bottom of an open-pit enterprise, i.e. exactly where mining is carried out for mining and overburden. In this case, forced ventilation, i.e. the issuance of exhaust gases to the surface is carried out against the action of gravitational forces. In this regard, the dilution of the gas-air mixture to acceptable concentrations requires increased energy costs.

These shortcomings reduce the effectiveness of open mining at great depths.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of open coal mining by using the infrastructure of an adjacent mine.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of open-pit coal mining, which includes preparing the coal seams for excavation, separating the coal from the massif, loading it into the vehicle and transporting it to the surface, combining the mining operations of the coal mine within the mining allotment with the mining operations of an adjacent mine in the boundaries of its mining allotment by a mine working and water discharge from this mine from the coal mine to the mine, the bottom of the coal mine is profiled to form a reduced zone, the combination of mining Sumps and mines are carried out with an inclined seam mining, through which the beaten coal is transported to the mine, and exhaust gases are sent from the coal mine to the mine, and the exhaust gases can then be disposed of, the subsequent coal transport to the surface is carried out along the mine transport chain, and the mouth of the inclined mine at the bottom of the coal mine is built in a reduced zone.

The method is illustrated by schemes for open-pit mining of coal seams using the infrastructure of an adjacent mine. Figure 1 shows the scheme of opening the suite of coal seams for open-pit coal mining; figure 2 is the same plan view.

The method can be implemented as follows. The formation of coal seams within the boundaries of the mining allotment of a coal mine is prepared for excavation by removing overburden rocks with the formation of ledges for the organization of coal transport and overburden. After mining operations reach the depth of the coal mine, at which the organization of overburden and coal transport flows along the same ledges becomes the bottleneck of mining, ventilation of the mine workings and drainage from the bottom of the coal mine, use the existing infrastructure of the adjacent mine, i.e. mine, with which the coal mine has a common border allotment. For this, the bottom of coal mine 1 is profiled so that a pronounced lower zone 2 is formed on it, in which not only water can accumulate, but also the exhaust gases generated during the operation of treatment and transport equipment of the coal mine. Zone 2 at the bottom of coal mine 1 is connected to the mine’s mine network by conducting inclined mine 3 along one of the layers of the developed formation. Generation 3 is carried out before pairing with the capital mining 4 of one of the worked out horizons or wings of the mine. A hopper-loader is installed at the mouth of the inclined mine, and a conveyor belt and fan are installed in the mine itself.

Coal mining is carried out at the bottom of the coal mine, separating coal from the coal mass, loading the beaten coal into a vehicle, such as a motor vehicle, and transporting it. But now the broken coal is transported to the mouth of the inclined mine 3, where it is discharged into the hopper-reloader, which ensures its continuous supply to the conveyor belt. A conveyor belt transports the broken coal into a mine. By means of the main transport of the mine, coal is delivered to the trunk and then delivered to the surface.

The water that accumulates in the openings of the quarry flows naturally into the lowered zone 2, from where it flows by gravity along the inclined working 3 to the mine drainage system.

The fan installed in the inclined mine 3 provides for the removal of exhaust gases from the bottom of the coal mine and directs them to the mine, where they can be disposed of.

The deepening of mining operations in the coal section begins with the corresponding deepening of the lowered zone.

Due to the profiling of the bottom of the coal mine with the formation of a lowered zone, gravity water drainage and the concentration of exhaust gases at the mouth of the inclined mine workings are provided, i.e. away from the mining zone.

Due to the combination of mining operations of a coal mine and an adjacent mine by conducting an inclined formation working precisely in the lower zone of the bottom of the coal mine, not only the drainage effect of the mining operations of the coal mine is achieved, but its ventilation efficiency is also sharply increased. Exhaust gases in a concentrated state are discharged into the mine, and fresh air takes the place of exhaust gases in a natural way. Moreover, the removal of part of the gas medium from the bottom of the coal mine requires less energy than to replace the entire volume.

By using the transport chain of an adjacent mine, not only the separation of coal and overburden flows is ensured, which simplifies the organization of transport, but also the continuous transport of coal from a coal mine.

These circumstances indicate an increase in the efficiency of opencast coal mining at great depths, and this is the purpose of the invention.

Information sources

1. Bokiy B.V. Mining engineering. M.-L.: Ugletekhizdat, 1953, Fig. 359, p. 516-518 (analogue).

2. Tamakov P.I., Naumov I.K. Technology, mechanization and organization of open cast mining: Textbook. for universities. - 3rd ed., revised. - M.: Publishing House Mosk. Mining Institute, 1992, p. 310, Fig. 6.12 (b) (prototype).

Claims (1)

A method of open coal mining using the infrastructure of an adjacent mine, including preparing coal seams for excavation, separating coal from the massif, loading it into a vehicle and transporting it to the surface, combining mining operations of a coal mine within its mining allotment with mining operations of an adjacent mine within its boundaries mining allotment, airing the worked-out space of a coal mine and diverting water from a coal mine to a mine, characterized in that the bottom of the coal mine is profiled to form of the living area, the connection of the mining operations of the coal mine and the mine is carried out by an inclined stratum mining, through which the broken coal is transported to the mine and through it the exhaust gases are sent from the coal mine to the mine, and the exhaust gases can be disposed of later, subsequent transport of coal to the surface carried out along the transport chain of the mine, and the mouth of the inclined mine at the bottom of the coal mine is built in a lower zone.

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