RU2382753C1 - Organic and mineral fertiliser and method of its production - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: organic and mineral fertiliser contains bird droppings, water and zeolite-containing tuff containing more than 50 wt % of clinoptilolite with the following ratio of ingredients (wt %): bird droppings - 70-80; zeolite-containing tuff - 10-20; water is the rest. The fertiliser is produced by mixing bird droppings of 35-40% of humidity with zeolite-containing tuff previously ground to pieces of less than 1 mm size that are mixed at intensive stirring for 20-40 sec, granulated and then dehydrated to humidity of 10-14 wt.%.

EFFECT: suggested fertiliser is distinguished by granule sufficient strength stable at storage and effective for use.

4 cl, 2 tbl, 5 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely organo-mineral fertilizers based on bird droppings and methods for their preparation.

Organic fertilizers are widely known, including bird droppings, which allows plants to receive all the components necessary for their nutrition and mineral additives. So, it is known organic-mineral fertilizer (WMD), which includes bird droppings, calcium salts of nitrogen-containing organic acids and calcium hydroxide (RU 2191764). Fertilizers are obtained by adding to the bird droppings 25-50 wt.% Calcium oxide, which binds nitric acids, followed by mixing the resulting mixture.

The disadvantage of this technology is the heating of the mixture with the introduction of CaO, which leads to the decomposition of valuable ingredients and reduce the effectiveness of the resulting fertilizer.

One of the promising mineral components of WMD are zeolites or mixtures containing them. In particular, livestock manure fertilizer is known to contain 10-30% by weight of zeolite (US 4559073, 1984). The mixture is piled in heaps and allowed to dry artificially. However, the humidity inside the heap reaches 55 wt.%, Which leads to large losses of nitrogen and a decrease in fertilizer efficiency.

A complex fertilizer is known (RU 2258053), which contains bird droppings as an organic component, and a natural mixture of natural zeolite with chemical additives containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium and sulfur (superphosphate, ammonium nitrate and potassium magnesia), in the following ratio of fertilizer components, wt.%: natural zeolite 55-65, bird droppings 20-25, chemical additives 12-15.

The disadvantage of this complex fertilizer is the low content of bird droppings, which reduces its effectiveness, as well as the heterogeneity of its composition, which complicates the standardization processes when it is applied to the soil.

Granular WMD is known, the core of which consists of litter of chickens or pigs, and the shell is of zeolite mixed with bentonite or molasses (JA 6072074). The lack of fertilizer is the lack of availability of organic substances when fertilizing, the unevenness of their further dissolution, the insufficient presence of useful metal ions in the minerals.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the claimed technical solution is organo-mineral granular fertilizer (RU 2184102) based on natural siliceous zeolite-containing rock and litter of poultry complexes. The fertilizer has the following composition (wt.%): Natural siliceous zeolite-containing rock 60-80, poultry complexes litter 20-40. The zeolite used contains, with a total content of opal cristobalite, clinoptilolite and montmorillonite 55-80 wt.%. The following ingredients (wt.%): Opal-cristobalite 15-70, clinoptilolite 6-45, clay minerals 4-36, including montmorillonite 2-18, calcite 3-36, clastic, mainly quartz material 2-22, feldspar 0.8-5.0.

A disadvantage of the known organic-mineral fertilizer is the low amount of litter, which makes it not effective enough. However, with an increase in its content in this mixture, delamination processes are observed, which causes problems during granulation and storage of fertilizer.

The technical problem solved by the author was the creation of a more effective WMD, in particular, by increasing the content of the organic ingredient in the fertilizer granule, as well as developing a technology for producing a more stable fertilizer that meets the task.

The technical solution of the problem is achieved by obtaining fertilizer containing the following ingredient (wt.%):

bird droppings 70-80 zeolite-containing tuff 10-20 water rest

As a zeolite-containing tuff, a natural mineral of sedimentary origin is used, containing clinoptilolite (high-silica zeolite with a silica to alumina ratio of 6.2 to 8.5) more than 50 wt.% With the addition of montmorillonite, quartz and other impurities.

The chemical composition of the mineral consists of the following ingredients (wt.%): Silicon oxide - 60-65; alumina 10-12; calcium oxide - 4-5, as well as trace amounts of compounds of potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, cobalt, zinc, manganese, copper, titanium.

The technical result with respect to the method is achieved by using bird droppings of 35-40% humidity and zeolite-containing tuff pre-crushed to a particle size of less than 1 mm (optimally 0.1-0.3 mm), which are intensively mixed for 20-60 sec. granulate, and then subjected to dehydration to a moisture content of 10-14 wt.%.

As a result of this mixing, in contrast to the prototype, tuff particles having an electric charge on their surface are distributed over the volume of the litter, creating a kind of frame (spatial grid), providing, on the one hand, the stiffness of the granules and, on the other hand, sufficiently effective uniform dissolution of organic substances in the soil after fertilizing. As a result of drying the granules in the second stage of production, a strong crust is created on the surface of the granule based on tuff particles with a solid organic component adsorbed onto their surface, preventing the loss of valuable ingredients during storage.

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. In the hopper of the mixer with a volume of 73 liters of continuous operation with a capacity of up to 900 kg / h fertilizer was loaded bird droppings with a moisture content of 35-40 wt.% And zeolite-containing tuff with a content of clinoptilolite 55 wt.% With a particle size of 0.2-0.3 mm in the ratio ( wt.%) 8: 2. Mixing time 20-30 sec. Then the mixture with a moisture content of 25-28% is granulated in the form of granules with a diameter of 4 mm and a length of 10 mm, by means of an inclined conveyor it enters the storage hopper, where it is dried to a moisture content of 12-14%, and then it is fed to the packaging as a finished fertilizer.

Example 2. In the conditions of example 1, fertilizer is obtained using a fraction of zeolite-containing tuff with a clinoptilolite content of 51 wt.% With a particle size of 0.2-1.0 mm with a ratio of bird droppings: tuff = 9: 1

Example 3. In the conditions of example 1, fertilizer is obtained using a fraction of zeolite-containing tuff with a clinoptilolite content of 62 wt.% With a particle size of 0.2-0.8 mm with a bird droppings: tuff = 7: 3 ratio.

Example 4. The properties of the obtained fertilizers are presented in table 1.

Table 1 Characterization of the obtained organic-mineral fertilizers Example No. The content of tuff, wt.% Mechanical strength, x 103 m ² / kg Loss of nitrogen during storage after 6 months,% one eighteen 28.6 0.09 2 10 20,4 0.17 3 twenty 29.2 0.13

Example 5. Tests of fertilizers were carried out on the experimental plot of CJSC Agrotehnika (Leningrad Region) by the effect on the yield of cabbage of white variety Kalorama compared to the use of traditional fertilizers. The test results are shown in table 2.

table 2 Comparative characteristics of the use of organic fertilizers Quality indicators (content in kg / t) Fertilizer used According to example 1 According to example 2 For example 3 Prom. compost. 1st class 1st class manure Dry matter 800 750 860 240 Organic matter 640 680 610 450 190 Nitrogen 25 thirty 22 280 5,6 Phosphorus twenty 21 twenty 8.1 1.4-3.2 Potassium 9 8 10 1.4-3.2 5.8-7.0 Calcium 16 fourteen eighteen 1.5-1.8 4.3-6.0 Magnesium 7 6 8 2,3-3,2 0.6-1.0 pH 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 Yield increase with equal doses of fertilizers,%; 214 202 205 86 60 - by weight - according to NPK 80 76 72 35 45

The results obtained showed that the proposed fertilizer is characterized by sufficient strength of the granules, is stable during storage and effective in use.

Claims (4)

1. Organic-mineral fertilizer containing bird droppings, water and a zeolite-containing component, characterized in that as a zeolite-containing component it contains a zeolite-containing tuff containing more than 50 wt.% Clinoptilolite in the following ratio of ingredients, wt.%:
bird droppings 70-80 zeolite-containing tuff 10-20 water rest 2. Organic-mineral fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that as a zeolite-containing tuff it contains a mineral, which in chemical composition consists of the following ingredients, wt.%: Silicon oxide - 60-65; alumina 10-12; calcium oxide - 4-5, and also contains impurities of compounds of potassium, sodium, magnesium, iron, phosphorus, cobalt, zinc, manganese, copper, titanium. 3. A method of producing organic-mineral fertilizer based on bird droppings, water and a zeolite-containing component by mixing the starting ingredients and granulating them, characterized in that as the feedstock, bird droppings of moisture content of 35-40% and zeolite-containing tufa pre-crushed to size are used particles less than 1 mm, which are mixed with vigorous stirring for 20-40 s, granulated, and then subjected to dehydration to a moisture content of 10-14 wt.%. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that a zeolite-containing tuff fraction with a diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm is used.