RU2381185C2 - Method for complex processing of operational shipboard wastes with application of recuperation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to complex processing of shipboard waste waters and organic garbage and may be used for certain enterprises, organisations, municipal entities, military camps, recreation centers, small towns and northern territories. Domestic waste and dry garbage is separated into organic substrate, which is supplied into installation of anaerobic fermentation with generation of fuel biogas and assist products: disinfected sludge and liquid phase. Dry waste may be burned without preparation in solid-fueled furnace of steam generating unit. Unreclaimable dry waste is pressed, stored and forwarded for further processing. Oil-containing waters are separated into watered oil product, which is burned in steam generating unit, and slightly contaminated water, which after polishing treatment and disinfection is supplied into reservoir or to consumers. Dry burnable waste and watered oil products are burned in steam generating unit, smoke gases are purified, and water vapour of high parametres is used for heat supply, in power and propulsion devices. Station is arranged in the form of self-propelled or non-self-propelled vessel, motor transport facility or in block-container version in the form of easily transportable separate functional modules.

EFFECT: complete processing of waste with production of thermal, electric and mechanical energy.

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Description

The invention relates to the fields of ecology and energy, in particular the integrated processing of marine wastewater and organic waste through the generation of biogas and purification of oil-containing water, followed by combustion for use of the heat obtained during combustion for energy supply.

The method is intended for the processing of the following types of waste: wastewater (fecal and domestic); household waste; dry garbage; oily water.

The method is implemented at the station, which consists of two functional complexes: processing and energy.

The first complex serves for preliminary preparation of operational wastes for processing with their subsequent processing.

The energy complex includes heat and power generating devices, in which energy is obtained by burning recycled waste in steam boilers.

Schematic diagram of the station for the integrated processing of operational waste is presented in the drawing.

Known devices of stationary complexes and stations for processing municipal solid waste and wastewater described in sources [1], [2], [3], [4], [8] and mobile ship [5], [6], [7] .

The closest in technical essence is the invention "Method and device for producing methane, electric and thermal energy" RU 2004104324.

Common disadvantages of these objects are the following:

- recycle mainly one type of waste, highly specialized;

- incomplete cycle of processing and generation;

- static;

- unsatisfactory weight and size indicators of the complexes;

- the duration of the processing process, due to the sequential processing of various types of waste.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency and integrated processing of operational ship-generated waste into thermal energy through the generation and combustion of biogas, oil-containing water treatment products and dry garbage to use their heat of combustion.

The technical result of the invention consists in developing a method for the integrated processing of shipboard wastewater and garbage with a view to their subsequent recovery into thermal energy through the generation and burning of biogas, oil-containing water treatment products and dry garbage to use their heat of combustion for energy supply needs.

The number, purpose and operation of the functional units of the station provide a complete and comprehensive solution to the task.

The optimal design of this station is in the form of a self-propelled vessel.

The following options are also possible: non-self-propelled vessel, stationary station of block-container execution, mobile station on truck platforms.

Such a station can be used for complex processing and purification of polluting wastewater and garbage, as well as for the generation of heat and electricity for individual enterprises, organizations, municipalities, military towns, remote recreation centers, small rural settlements, sparsely populated northern territories, quality of duplicate and auxiliary, as well as during the construction of garbage processing plants.

The present invention will allow for the complete complex processing of operational ship-generated waste and its recovery through the generation and burning of biogas, oil-containing water purification products and dry garbage with the subsequent use of the heat obtained during combustion in order to supply both thermal, electrical and mechanical energies, and will also improve environmental and energy setting.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawing is a schematic diagram of a station for the integrated processing of operational waste. The scheme is made in the form of rectangles as graphic designations of elements that are functionally connected by lines of movement: incoming waste, processed products, purified products and working substances.

Parts of the scheme are grouped into three separate and sequentially connected blocks: the station accepted for processing and its own waste (item 1), the processing complex (item 10) and the energy complex (item 18).

The stations accepted for processing and own waste include: wastewater (item 2), divided into fecal (item 3) and domestic (item 4); household waste (item 5); dry garbage (item 6); oil-containing water (pos. 7), containing under-shale water (pos. 8) and water from washing and cleaning cargo tanks of oil vessels.

The processing complex consists of the following installations: wastewater treatment (pos. 11), post-treatment and disinfection of wastewater (pos. 12), waste sorting (pos. 13), anaerobic digestion (pos. 14), separation (pos. 15), post-treatment and decontamination of oily waters (key 16) and dehydration (key 17).

The energy complex includes: a gas purification unit (item 19), an autonomous steam boiler (item 20) (or a group of main (item 21) and auxiliary (item 22)). Working fluid - steam is supplied from the boiler to groups of devices and units and is used for various needs:

a) heat supply (pos. 23) of groups of external (pos. 25) and internal (pos. 26) consumers for heating and air conditioning (pos. 26 and 27), cooling (pos. 28), as well as for the needs of the processing complex ( Pos. 29);

b) power generating devices (pos. 30), including steam piston power generators (pos. 31), steam turbogenerators (pos. 32). The group of these devices also includes autonomous diesel and gas generating units (pos. 33). Electricity is supplied to the main switchboard (pos. 34), from where it is supplied to external (pos. 35) and internal (pos. 36) consumers;

c) propulsion devices (pos. 37), consisting of the main steam engine (pos. 38), auxiliary electric motor (pos. 39) and auxiliary systems of the power plant (pos. 40). Mechanical energy is transmitted to the propulsion device from the engines through the final drive (key 41).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The result is achieved by the fact that the operational waste arriving for processing is subjected to complex processing in accordance with the schematic diagram of the complex processing of operational waste, presented in the drawing as follows:

Wastewater (pos. 2) goes to the wastewater treatment plant (pos. 11), where solid and liquid phases are separated, as well as separation and preparation of the organic substrate of the required humidity.

Next, the substrate is sent to the anaerobic digestion plant (item 14), where combustible biogas and related products are generated: decontaminated sludge (organic fertilizer that is delivered to consumers or after dehydration at the plant pos. 17 is burned in the boiler) and the liquid phase, which is mixed with water separated at the previous stage, and is sent to the installation of tertiary treatment and disinfection of wastewater (item 12).

The purified water is discharged into a body of water or sent to consumers of industrial water, the organic waste of the aftertreatment unit is sent to a fecal water tank (item 3).

Household waste (pos. 5) and dry garbage (pos. 6) go to the waste sorting plant (pos. 13): an organic substrate sent for anaerobic digestion; dry waste that can be burned without preparation in a solid fuel furnace of a boiler unit (pos. 20); dry garbage that is not recyclable at this installation, which is pressed, stored and disposed of for further processing.

Oily-containing water (pos. 7) is delivered to a separation unit (pos. 15), where it is separated into an irrigated oil product, then combusted in a boiler unit and low-contaminated water, which is then sent through an after-treatment and disinfection unit for oily water (pos. 16) to a reservoir or consumers .

Biogas, dry combustible waste, and waterlogged petroleum products are subjected to high-temperature combustion in an autonomous steam boiler (item 20) at a nominal stable mode with a low emission of pollutants. Flue gases before entering the atmosphere are passed through a gas treatment unit (key 19) with the capture of solid and the binding of part of the gaseous phase.

Water from flue gas cleaning devices with pH = 2 ... 3 is returned to the fecal water tank (item 3), where it partially disinfects the wastewater.

The resulting energy source - water vapor of high parameters is directly used for heat supply for the needs of electric power and propulsion devices.

The exhaust steam is sent to a condensing unit (pos. 42), which allows to increase the efficiency steam power plant, where its residual heat is recycled and condensate is reused to power boiler units (items 21 and 22).

In order to ensure reliability, autonomy and non-volatility, the station includes diesel and gas generating units (item 31).

Thus, the number, purpose and operation of the functional units of the station provide a complete and comprehensive solution to the task.

The optimal design of this station is in the form of a self-propelled vessel.

The following options are also possible: non-self-propelled vessel, stationary station of block-container execution, mobile station on truck platforms.

Such a station can be used for complex processing and purification of polluting wastewater and garbage, as well as for the generation of heat and electricity for individual enterprises, organizations, municipalities, military towns, remote recreation centers, small rural settlements, sparsely populated northern territories, quality of duplicate and auxiliary, as well as during the construction of garbage processing plants.

The present invention will allow for the complete integrated processing of operational ship-generated waste and its recovery through the generation of biogas and purification of oil-containing water with the subsequent use of the heat obtained during combustion in order to supply both thermal, electric and mechanical energies, and will also improve the environmental and energy situation.

Literature

1. Patent of the Russian Federation RU 2284967. Bioenergy plant for the production of biogas.

2. Patent of the Russian Federation RU 94000379. Wastewater treatment plant FBS anaerobic-aerobic treatment.

3. Patent of the Russian Federation RU 2004104324. Method and device for producing methane, electric and thermal energy.

4. Brodach M.M., Shilkin. N.V. Installation of wastewater treatment Living Machine // Plumbing. - 2002. - No. 6.

5. Konakov G.A., Vasiliev V.V. Ship power plants and the technical operation of the fleet: A textbook for high schools. transp. / G.A. Konakov, V.V. Vasiliev. - M .: Transport, 1980 .-- 424 p .: ill.

6. Rules for the technical operation of river transport. - L.: Transport, 1990 .-- 102 p.

7. Etin V.L., Plotnikova V.N., Naumov B.C. Environmental safety of ships and industrial enterprises of water transport: A course of lectures for students of specialties 14.01, 14.02, 24.02, 33.02. / V.L.Etin, V.N.Plotnikova, V.S. Naumov. - N. Novgorod: VGAVT, 1997. - 208 p.: Ill.

8. Johansson M., Lennartsson M. Sustainable wastewater treatment methods for single-family homes // Green World website, http://www.greenworld.org.rn/eng/publ/wtoi/contents.htm.

Claims (1)

A method for the integrated processing of operational shipboard waste containing wastewater to a wastewater treatment plant, where solid and liquid phases are separated, as well as separation and preparation of an organic substrate of the required moisture content, supply of a substrate to an anaerobic digestion plant, where combustible biogas and associated products are generated : disinfected sludge sent to consumers in the form of organic fertilizer or after dehydration subjected to incineration in a boiler unit, and liquid phase, which is mixed with water separated in the previous stage, and sent to the wastewater treatment and disinfection unit, the organic waste after the aftertreatment plant is sent to the fecal water tank, household waste and dry waste are transferred to the waste sorting unit and separated into an organic substrate, directed to anaerobic digestion, dry waste that can be burned without preparation in the solid fuel furnace of the boiler, and non-recyclable dry waste that is pressed, stored and disposed of for further After processing, oil-containing water is fed to a separation unit, where it is separated into an irrigated oil product, then burned in a boiler unit, and low-pollution water, which is sent through an after-treatment and disinfection unit of oil-containing water to a reservoir or consumers, while biogas, dry combustible waste and irrigated oil products are subjected high-temperature combustion in an autonomous steam boiler, flue gases are passed through the gas purification unit before entering the atmosphere to capture solid and part of the gaseous phase, the water from the gas purification devices is returned to the fecal water tank, the energy carrier obtained - high-quality steam is directly used for heat supply in electric power and propulsion devices, the exhaust steam is sent to a condensation unit, where its residual heat is recycled and the condensate is reused for power supply of boiler units.

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