RU2379869C1 - Method of cultivation of annual fodder crop for green conveyer under conditions of cryolite zone - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method consists in cultivation of soil, in introduction of mineral fertilisers and in sowing annual fodder crop. Crops are sown in form of vetch-oats, pea-oats, pea-oats-barley, rape-oats, and radish-oats mixes and oats. Sowing is performed in four stages corresponding to natural-climatic conditions of the cryolite zone. Green mass for a green conveyer is produced at the stage of paniculation for cereals and at the stage of blooming for legumes and crucifers.

EFFECT: revealing best perspective annual fodder crops for cryolite zone and raising efficiency of green conveyer.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to field feed production.

A known method of growing feed crops (RF patent No. 2268567, AB 79/02, bull. No. 3, 2006), which includes the joint sowing of several feed crops. A perennial fodder crop - Eastern overbred is sown in a wide-row method simultaneously with annual lighthouse crops - oats, amaranth and peas with a norm of their mixture of 18-25% of the main crop. They are mowed during the flowering phase of annual crops, and in the spring of next year, alfalfa is sowed in the rows of sowrigi in the amount of 10% of the norm of sverbigi.

The disadvantage of this method is that the vegetation period of the Eastern Swerbigi is long and suitable for the climatic conditions of not all regions of Russia.

A known method of feeding cattle (application for invention No. 2005119754, A231 / 00, bull. No. 36, 2006), in which it is proposed to additionally include in the daily diet of the animal "Rumex K-1" with the following ratio of components,%: green grass "Rumex K-1" - 24; grass meadow pasture - 28; green top dressing - 19; compound feed (grain mixture) - 29, which contributes to the enrichment of the diet with readily soluble carbohydrates and deficient trace elements (copper, zinc, cobalt) and creates optimal conditions for microbial processes in the rumen.

The disadvantage of this method is that not all regions use Rumex K-1.

A known method of dehydration of green feed (ed. Certificate. No. 858729, A23K 3/02, bull. No. 32, 1981), including mowing, grinding, pressing green mass, drying pulp and obtaining protein concentrate from cell juice, where to increase juice separation during further pressing and suppression - enzymatic activity pre-heating the green mass before pressing is applied. The disadvantage of this method is that it takes a large amount of additional energy in the form of steam, heated air to heat the green mass of feed before pressing.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed is a method of cultivating triticale in a green conveyor (Feed production, 2006, No. 10, p. 22, A.K. Fedorov, S.A. Bekuzarova, M.M. Khadartseva), which increases the yield green mass in 1.5-2 times, which helps to increase protein collection per unit area. The use of green mass of triticale in feed for dairy cattle contributes to an increase in milk yield by 10-12% and an increase in the gain of young cattle by 13-15%.

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficient distribution of triticale in the Russian Federation.

The technical task of the invention is to identify the best promising annual fodder crops, the selection of sowing dates for the green conveyor.

The technical result in the conditions of permafrost zone is solved by the method of cultivation of annual fodder crops for the green conveyor with a specific sowing period.

The claimed method differs from the prototype in that six varieties of annual fodder crops are cultivated in this method (oats, oatmeal, pea-oat, pea-oat, barley, rape-oat, rare-oat mix) in 4 sowing periods.

The method is as follows:

The method of cultivating annual fodder crops for the green conveyor begins with determining the need for all types of livestock. The daily requirement for the green mass of cattle depends on the age of the animals and their productivity, type and quality of feed. When calculating the need for green fodder for beef cattle, it is necessary to take into account the average daily gain in live weight, depending on the quality of the pasture feed.

After that, the yield of fodder land, sown area and the sequence of use of natural fodder land and seeded forage crops are determined.

When determining the need for feed for the pasture period, consider: the type, sex and age of the animals; amount in the herd; the duration of the pasture period in days, approximate calendar dates of its beginning and end; the need for green food of one animal and the whole herd per day, month and throughout the pasture period, the size of insurance funds (10-15%).

After determining the needs of the dairy herd of the farm for green fodder, it is established how much they can be obtained from natural pastures and how much should be produced from the crops of the green conveyor.

The productivity of natural pastures should be specified by constant daily accounting of milk yield of cows, changes in their fatness and live weight. If, say, cows with a daily milk yield of 8-10 kg do not reduce milk yield and do not lose fatness, and with milk yield of 8-10 kg do not reduce milk yield and do not lose fatness, and with milk yield of 12-14 kg they begin to reduce productivity and fatness, then this means that the nutritional value of feed in this pasture does not satisfy the needs of more productive cows.

Feeding rates for dairy cows depend on their milk production. For example, if a cow with a live weight of 400 kg, giving 12 kg of milk per day with a fat content of 3.7%, grazes in June on a natural pasture of medium quality and it requires 10.0 units. must be reimbursed by top dressing in the form of a green conveyor.

Let us give an example of the simplest calculation of the daily requirement for green feed of a herd of 100 cows with an average daily productivity of 15 kg of milk. You can accept that 1 feed will be required to produce 1 kg of milk. units For 100 cows, 1 × 15 × 100 = 1,500 feeds will be required. units If on the farm 0.2 kg of compound feed is given per 1 kg of milk, then the herd will receive 0.2 × 15 × 100 = 300 feed in the form of compound feed. units (1 kg of concentrates is conditionally equal to 1 feed. Unit). Then with the green feed 1200 feed should come. units (1500-300 = 1200 feed. Units). 1 kg of grass contains an average of 0.18 feed. units So that animals receive 1200 forage in green fodder. units, you must have 1200: 0.18 = 6700 kg of grass, or 67 kg for each head.

The method of cultivating annual fodder crops under conditions of cryolithozone includes cultivating the soil, applying mineral fertilizers, sowing 6 varieties of annual fodder crops in 4 terms.

The first term was sown on May 24, the second term on June 12, the third term on July 2 and the fourth term on July 14 with a SZU-3.6 seeder.

Accounting for the harvest of green mass on the green conveyor was carried out according to 4 sowing periods in the sweeping phase in cereals and in the flowering phase in legumes, cruciferous plants: 1 term - July 15; 2 term - August 1; 3 term - August 15, 4 term - September 1.

Using the claimed invention allows to increase milk productivity of 1.5-2 kg per day.

Claims (1)

The method of cultivating annual fodder crops under conditions of cryolithozone for a green conveyor in which the soil is cultivated, fertilizers are applied, and annual fodder crops are sown in the form of - oatmeal, pea-oat, pea-oat-barley, rape-oat, rare-oat mixtures and oats in four periods corresponding to natural and climatic conditions cryolithozone, with obtaining green mass for the green conveyor in the sweeping phase in cereals and in the flowering phase in legumes and cruciferous.