RU2374002C1 - Pneumatic vibratory concentrator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to the field of minerals enrichment, namely to devices for gravitational enrichment, and may be used for extraction of useful component from various grainy materials. Pneumatic vibratory concentrator comprises box, vibration exciter, concentration element made of symmetrically arranged transverse ribs. Box and concentration element have the possibility of frequency and vibration amplitude variation. Concentration element is made in the form of plate equipped with longitudinal vertically arranged walls. Transverse ribs are inclined to the side of vertical walls and to loading side. Concentration element is separated into separate sectors by means of separating transverse ribs with mirror-like arranged inclination. Separating transverse ribs are tightly joined by their external ends to longitudinal walls, and symmetrically arranged transverse ribs are tightly connected to each other and to separating transverse ribs by their internal butt ends and have gap between their external butt ends and longitudinal walls. Between internal butt ends of separating transverse ribs there are passages from one sector to another one. Plate is arranged in the form of flat thin-layer air collector, which is equipped with nozzle for supply of compressed air. Working surface of air collector is made of porous material. Aerodynamic resistance of porous material is at least twice more than aerodynamic resistance of material layer on this working surface. At external ends of the last separating ribs there are concentrate receivers arranged, which are communicated to pocket for concentrate discharge. Concentrate receivers are screened from working side with side inclined walls, having controlled gaps in lower part near surface of plate. Concentration element is equipped with wide-meshed detachable grid made of vertically arranged plates. Detachable grid is installed above transverse ribs and is fixed to longitudinal walls.

EFFECT: improved efficiency and quality of gravitational enrichment of minerals with wide range of size, and also increased specific efficiency of process.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mineral processing, and in particular to apparatus for gravity processing, and can be used to extract the useful component from various granular materials.

A known screening hub, including a box, vibration exciter, a concentration element in the form of symmetrically arranged transverse ribs, the ribbed coating of the concentration element is made wear-resistant, the box and the concentration element have the ability to change the frequency and amplitude of vibration, the concentration element is made in the form of a thin-layer plate equipped with longitudinal, vertically located by the walls, the transverse ribs have a slope towards the vertical walls and a slope towards the loading side of the screen tractor, and it is possible to change their number, height and angle [1].

The disadvantage of the screening hub [1] is the lack of the necessary structural elements in it, which allow to increase the specific productivity and quality of the process and at the same time continuously concentrate and output high-density fractions and light fractions of a wide range of fineness into separate products.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is a vibration concentrator, including a box, vibration exciter, a concentration element in the form of symmetrically arranged transverse ribs, the ribbed coating of the concentration element is made wear-resistant, the box and the concentration element have the ability to change the frequency and amplitude of vibration, the concentration element is made in the form of a plate equipped with longitudinal, vertically arranged walls, transverse ribs have a slope towards vertical walls and tilt to the loading side of the vibrocentrator, and it is possible to change their number, height and angle [2].

The disadvantage of this device is the lack of necessary structural elements in it, which allow to increase the specific productivity and quality of the process and at the same time continuously concentrate and output fractions of high density and light fractions of a wide range of fineness into separate products.

The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency and quality of gravitational mineral processing and specific productivity of the process by improving the conditions for the separation of mineral mixtures and continuous pneumo-hydrodynamic removal of high density fractions and light fractions of a wide range of particle sizes into separate products with the possibility of their controlled output.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a pneumatic vibroconcentrator including a duct, a vibration exciter, a concentration element in the form of symmetrically arranged transverse ribs, the ribbed coating of the concentration element is made wear-resistant, the box and the concentration element have the ability to change the frequency and amplitude of vibration, the concentration element is made in the form of a plate equipped with longitudinal, vertically located walls, the transverse ribs have a slope towards the vertical walls and a slope in the boot side, and it is possible to change their number, height and angle of inclination, the plate is made in the form of a flat thin-layer air collector equipped with a fitting for supplying compressed air, and its working surface is made of porous material (for example, porous steel, titanium, etc.), with the aerodynamic resistance of the porous material is at least two times greater than the aerodynamic resistance of the material layer on this working surface, a concentration element with symmetrically located transverse ribs and is divided into separate sectors by means of dividing transverse ribs, similar to symmetrically arranged transverse ribs, but with a mirror-inclined slope, while the dividing transverse ribs are tightly connected by their outer end ends to the longitudinal walls, and between their inner end ends, along the axial line of the concentration element, passages from sector to sector are made, transverse ribs located inside each sector are tightly interconnected and with transverse dividing ribs and their internal end ends and have a gap between their external end ends and longitudinal walls, at the outer ends of the last dividing ribs, concentrate receivers are installed symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axial line of the concentration element, shielded from the working side by side inclined walls with a height exceeding the height of the transverse ribs , and having an adjustable gap in the lower part near the plate surface, the concentration element is equipped with a coarse removable grate Made of vertically disposed plates mounted on top of the transverse ribs and secured for longitudinal walls, with the possible change in the height of plates and removable lattice size of its cells.

When creating the invention, the authors proceeded from the following.

With vibrations of the layer of enriched material, minerals with a higher density in relation to the minerals of waste rock tend to occupy the lowest level in this layer. Such vibration conditions of the material layer are created during screening. Therefore, on the working surface of the vibrating screen, it is advisable to additionally create conditions for the concentration and removal of such minerals into a separate product, and light fractions into another product. This can be achieved if structural elements are introduced on the working surface of the vibroconcentrator that will provide such conditions. In particular, it is rational to carry out the concentration element in the form of a plate with transverse ribs symmetrically located on its working surface made of wear-resistant material in the form of a ribbed coating located over the entire area of the plate, and fix vertically located longitudinal walls on the sides of the plate. The height of these walls should exceed the height of the layer of the processed material so that the enriched material does not leave the working area through the side walls of the concentration element. In order to ensure reliable extraction of mineral grains of increased density from the enriched material, the transverse ribs should have a slope in the direction of the vertical walls and a slope in the loading direction.

To intensify the separation of the material, it is necessary to ensure uniform fluidization (loosening) while minimizing fluctuations in the mixing of particles. This can be achieved if the plate is made in the form of a flat thin-layer air collector equipped with a fitting for supplying compressed air, and its working surface is made of porous material (for example, of porous steel, titanium, etc.). The aerodynamic resistance of the porous material should be at least two times greater than the aerodynamic resistance of the layer of enriched material on this working surface (calculated value).

In this case, the thickness of the layer of enriched material will not adversely affect its fluidization, since the total aerodynamic resistance of the porous surface and the layer of enriched material will remain almost constant, despite a possible slight change in the resistance of the layer of enriched material. This provides a fairly uniform fluidization (loosening) of the layer of enriched material with minimized fluctuations in the mixing of particles.

In this case, it is rational to controllably change the height of the layer of enrichable material, which can be achieved if the concentration element is supplemented with a large-mesh removable grating made of vertically arranged plates, which should be installed on top of the transverse ribs and fixed to the longitudinal walls, while it is rational to provide for the possibility of changing the height of the plates of the removable grating and the size of its cells.

When a fluidized bed of enriched material is realized during vibroconcentration by forcing compressed air through a porous material into a layer of enriched material, the vibroconcentration process becomes a pneumatic vibroconcentration process, and the apparatus in which this pneumatic vibroconcentration process is implemented is more correctly called a pneumatic vibroconcentrator.

The above concentration conditions are acceptable for many types of mineral raw materials. Enrichment efficiency increases when the density of grains of the useful component is much higher than the density of grains of waste rock, for example, in the enrichment of gold-bearing ores and sands, in the enrichment of rare-metal raw materials, tin ores, and many other types of raw materials similar and similar in terms of separation.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 shows a General view of a pneumatic vibroconcentrator, Fig.2 is a top view of the apparatus showing its working ribbed coating, Fig.3 is a view along section AA.

The pneumatic vibroconcentrator includes a box 1, mounted by means of shock absorbers 2 on the support frame 3, and a vibration exciter 4, designed to create the necessary vibrations of the working bodies of the apparatus. On the box 1, a concentration element 5 is placed, made in the form of a plate 6 with a ribbed wear-resistant coating of symmetrically arranged transverse ribs 7. On the sides of the plate 6, longitudinal, vertically located walls 8 are tightly fixed. Depending on the width of the box 1, the number of concentration elements 5 can be more.

To improve the selection and transportation of mineral grains of increased density along the transverse ribs 7, they have a slope in the direction of the vertical walls 8, and for better retention of these mineral grains on the plate 6 in the intercostal cavities 9, the transverse ribs 7 are inclined to the loading side of the apparatus.

At the loading end of the apparatus on the plate 6 there is a receiving box 10, shielded from the outside by a transverse vertical wall 11 with a height exceeding the height of the transverse ribs 7.

The concentration element 5 with symmetrically arranged transverse ribs 7 is divided into individual sectors 12 by means of transverse ribs 13, similar to symmetrically located transverse ribs 7, but with a mirror-inclined slope. The dividing transverse ribs 13 are tightly connected by their external end ends to the longitudinal walls 8.

Along the axial line of the concentration element 5 between the inner end ends of the dividing transverse ribs 13, passages 14 are made from one sector 12 to another, sector 12 following it. A similar passage 14 is made from a receiving box 10, shielded from the working side by dividing transverse ribs 13 of the adjacent with her first sector 12.

The transverse ribs 7 located inside each sector 12 are tightly connected to each other and to the dividing transverse ribs 13 with their inner end ends and have a gap 15 between their outer end ends and longitudinal walls 8.

The plate 6 is made in the form of a flat thin-layer air collector 16 equipped with a fitting 17 for supplying compressed air by means of an elastic sleeve 18. The working surface of the air collector 16 is made of porous material (for example, porous steel, titanium, etc.), while the aerodynamic resistance of the porous material, at least two times greater than the aerodynamic drag of the material layer on this working surface.

At the end of the pneumatic vibroconcentrator, reverse loading, a slit-shaped hole 19 is made in the plate 6 for withdrawing the tails exiting the apparatus through the edges of the latter from the loading of the dividing transverse ribs 7. The slit-like opening 19 is shielded from the outside by the transverse wall 20 with a height exceeding the height of the transverse ribs 7.

At the outer ends of the last dividing ribs 7 of the pneumatic vibroconcentrator, concentrate receivers 21 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axial line of the concentrating element 5, in communication with the pocket 22 for withdrawing the concentrate from the apparatus.

Concentrate receivers 21 are shielded from the working side by side inclined walls 23 with a height exceeding the height of the transverse ribs 7 and having adjustable gaps 24 in the lower part near the surface of the plate 6.

To increase the layer of enriched material and its better separation, the concentration element 5 is equipped with a coarse removable grating 25 made of vertically arranged plates 26. The removable grating 25 is mounted on top of the transverse ribs 7 and fixed to the longitudinal walls 8. To control the process of pneumatic vibration concentration, the height of the plates 26 of the removable can be changed lattice 25 and the size of its cells 27.

Pneumovibroconcentrator works as follows.

Material containing solid particles of various sizes and densities is fed into a receiving box 10, from which it enters the concentration element 5 over the edges of the transverse dividing ribs 13 and through the passages 14, first to the first sector 12 of the concentration element 5 and then to the subsequent sectors. On the concentration element 5, the material is separated by the density of its particles. Heavier mineral grains occupy the lowest position in the vibrating layer of material and along the intercostal cavities 9, sliding along the ribs 7, move in the direction of the vertical walls 8. The movement of heavy mineral grains along the intercostal cavities is facilitated by the slope of the transverse ribs 7 in the direction of the vertical walls 8, and their retention in the intercostal cavities 9 is facilitated by the inclination of the ribs 7 in the loading side of the pneumofibroconcentrator. Having reached the vertical walls 8, heavy mineral grains move first along these walls along the gaps 15, and then along the transverse dividing ribs 13 to the passage 14 through which they pass from one sector 12 to another. From the last sector 12, heavy mineral grains through an adjustable gap 24 enter the concentrate receivers 21 and then through the pocket 22 are removed from the apparatus.

Made in the form of a plate 6, the concentration element 5 ensures that all the finest and slimiest particles of the useful component enter the concentrate.

The intensification of the separation of the material is ensured by its uniform fluidization (loosening) while minimizing fluctuations in the mixing of particles. This is achieved by the fact that the plate 6 is made in the form of a flat thin-layer air intake, equipped with a fitting 17 for supplying compressed air by means of an elastic sleeve 18, and its working surface is made of porous material. The aerodynamic resistance of the porous material is at least two times greater than the aerodynamic resistance of the layer of enriched material on this working surface.

In this case, the thickness of the layer of enriched material does not adversely affect its fluidization, since the total aerodynamic resistance of the porous surface and the layer of enriched material remains almost constant, despite a slight change in the resistance of the layer of enriched material.

The height of the layer of enriched material is controlled to be controlled by means of a coarse-mesh removable grating 25 made of vertically arranged plates 26, mounted on top of the transverse ribs 7 and fixed to the longitudinal walls 8.

The tail particles of material move over the transverse ribs 7 and the dividing transverse ribs 13 and are continuously discharged from the apparatus through the slit-like opening 19.

The continuous withdrawal of tails through the slit-like opening 19 from the entire area of the concentration element 5 provides a high specific productivity of the apparatus, and the labyrinth output of heavy mineral grains ensures their high extraction into concentrate and high efficiency of the pneumo-vibration concentration process.

The adjustment and regulation of the process of pneumatic vibroconcentration is carried out by changing the frequency and amplitude of vibration of the duct 1 and the concentration element 5, as well as changing the angle of inclination of the duct 1, changing the size, quantity, height and angle of inclination of the transverse ribs 7 and the dividing transverse ribs 13, the depth of the intercostal cavities 9, the width of the slit holes 16, the number of concentration elements 5, the technological load of the enriched material and a change in the thickness of its layer, a change in the supply of compressed air but for fluidization.

Thus, the proposed technical solution in comparison with the prototype will allow, due to improved conditions for the separation of mineral mixtures and continuous pneumo-hydrodynamic removal of fractions of high density and light fractions of a wide range of particle sizes into separate products with the possibility of their controlled output, increase the efficiency of gravitational enrichment of minerals of a wide range of particle sizes as well as improve productivity and process quality.

Information sources

1. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2284865 "Roar-concentrator" / M.N. Zlobin, E.M. Zlobin, A.M. Zlobin. No. 2005113214/03 dated 03.05.2005, Bull. 2006, No. 28.

2. Patent of the Russian Federation No. 2284864 "Vibroconcentrator" / M.N. Zlobin, E.M. Zlobin, A.M. Zlobin. No. 2005114815/03 dated 05/16/2005, Bull. 2006, No. 28, (prototype).

Claims (3)

1. A pneumatic vibroconcentrator, including a box, a vibration exciter, a concentration element in the form of symmetrically arranged transverse ribs, the ribbed coating of the concentration element is made wear-resistant, the box and the concentration element have the ability to change the frequency and amplitude of vibration, the concentration element is made in the form of a plate equipped with longitudinal vertically arranged walls, transverse ribs have a slope towards the vertical walls and a slope towards the loading side, and it is possible to change them to amount, height and angle, characterized in that the plate is made in the form of a flat thin-layer air intake, equipped with a fitting for supplying compressed air, and its working surface is made of porous material (for example, porous steel, titanium), while the aerodynamic resistance of the porous material at least two times greater than the aerodynamic drag of the material layer on this working surface. 2. The pneumatic vibroconcentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration element with symmetrically arranged transverse ribs is divided into separate sectors by means of transverse ribs, similar to symmetrically located transverse ribs, but with a mirror-inclined slope, while the transverse ribs are tightly connected by their external end ends with longitudinal walls, and between their inner end ends, along the axial line of the concentration element, passes from the sector in sec torus, transverse ribs located inside each sector, are tightly interconnected and with transverse transverse ribs with their inner end ends and have a gap between their outer end ends and longitudinal walls, the outer ends of the last dividing ribs are installed symmetrically located with respect to the longitudinal axial line the concentration element of the concentrator, shielded from the working side by side inclined walls with a height exceeding the height of the transverse ribs, and I have with adjustable clearance in the lower part near the surface of the plate. 3. The pneumatic vibroconcentrator according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentration element is equipped with a coarse removable grate made of vertically arranged plates mounted on top of the transverse ribs and fixed to the longitudinal walls, and it is possible to change the height of the plates of the removable grate and the size of its cells.

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