RU2373428C2 - Solar thermal power station with moisture-condensing plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating systems. ^ SUBSTANCE: invention refers to solar thermal power stations. Thermal power station includes wind turbine with electric generator, air discharge channel above wind turbine, channel converting and increasing the power of central air flow before it is supplied to wind turbine, heat accumulator, device for heating heat carrier with sun beams, and intake channel connected by means of air guide opening. The channel converting and increasing the power of central air flow includes power-converting modules with built-in heat exchange elements and air guide aerodynamic elements. Moisture-condensing pipe is header installed on the territory of thermal power station. Below the moisture-condensing pipe header level there located is water-collecting channel connected to treatment and accumulation devices of commercial drinking water and distilled water capacity for internal technological use. ^ EFFECT: increasing solar energy use coefficient. ^ 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to energy complexes, the source of thermal energy in which is solar energy in a number of its manifestations (direct solar radiation, reflected rays, natural wind and others).

A technical solution is known that provides the creation of a solar-aerobaric thermal power plant (GAB TPP) of increased efficiency using solar energy in a complex of its components manifested in the environment, using heat accumulators made on the basis of water or bulk heat-accumulating materials, solar heat-converting devices and fluid heat carriers in the form of air or water, wind-guiding surfaces and the energy spaces formed by them, wind-air intake channels, wind turbines generator, traction pipe with a controlled superstructure to it and the formation of a rotational-translational vortex trajectory of the central energy air stream, which rotates the wind turbine generator, thereby accelerating the movement of the central energy air stream (see RF patents No. 2199703 "Energy complex", F24J 2/42 , published on February 27, 2003; No. 2200915 “Method for creating powerful solar power plants”, F24J 2/42, published March 20, 2003, No. 2199023 “Wind energy complex”, F03D 9/00, F24J 2/42, published. 02.20.2003). These patents also introduced additional terminology in solar energy, including the concept of “GAB TPP”.

In addition, the technique and technology for creating rotational-translational vortex motion of the central energy airflow, as well as increasing the efficiency of direct and reflected sunlight, was developed for the State Design Bureau of Thermal Power Plants in RF patents No. 2265161, “Method for converting solar energy” (F24J 2/42, 2 / 00, published on November 27, 2005) and No. 2267061 "Method for the thermal conversion of solar energy" (F24J 2/42, 2/15, 2/18, published on December 27, 2005)

These technical solutions allow, using a number of solar energy components manifested in the environment, to ensure the sustainable production of electrical energy throughout the year. However, their drawback is the need for the autumn-winter period to stockpile an increased amount of thermal energy in heat accumulators, including due to the insufficiently efficient use of its thermal energy while lowering the temperature of the flowing heat carrier below 90 ° C, at which the efficiency of creating the rotational component of the central energy air flow already decreases and, as a result, the efficiency of the GAB TPP decreases. This leads to an increase in the unit cost of the latter. In addition, the drawback of these technical solutions is the operation of the GAB TPP, which is also characteristic of most solar power plants, with one source of electrical energy, in this case, with one wind turbine generator. When it fails or the need for preventive maintenance, the supply of electricity to consumers stops. The second of these drawbacks is even more significant, since it relates to the location of the GAB TPP in areas where there are often no backup power sources, including in conditions of energy supply to vast territories in the East and North of Russia, oases in desert areas where there are no developed power line systems.

In this regard, work is underway to address these shortcomings of the GAB TPP, including by searching for technical possibilities for using freestanding ground-based steam turbine generators, in particular using easily volatile liquids as a working fluid, successfully operating on the basis of solar thermal transformations, in particular, at temperatures up to 30 -50 degrees Celsius.

A technical solution is known that includes a wind wheel, an electric generator, a heat accumulator that uses the reserve power of a wind turbine to heat water and produce steam that is sent to a circuit with an additionally installed steam turbine (see US Patent No. 5,384,489 for "A Wind Electric Plant with an Energy Storage System", F03D 9/02 , F22B 1/28, published in 1993).

This technical solution allows you to stabilize the generation of electricity by a wind turbine and increase its efficiency. However, due to its technical features and design, such a wind turbine does not allow to achieve technical and economic indicators characteristic of the developed GAB TPP.

A technical solution is also known based on the conversion of the temperature of the water surface, which is exposed to the heat of the sun, to heat the auxiliary fluid as a working fluid with a low boiling and evaporation temperature. In this case, the vapor of easily evaporated liquid is supplied to the steam turbine generator to generate electricity (see USSR AS No. 1495492 “Oceanic Power Plant”, F03G 7/04, F01K 25/00, published on July 23, 89).

This technical solution uses the thermal energy of sunlight generated by their absorption in the aquatic environment, and allows you to stably generate electrical energy, including in areas where there are no developed power lines (a ground installation may have several steam turbines). However, the technical and economic efficiency of this technical solution is low due to its structural and technological features, the lack of application of other sources of energy conversion, for example, special solar-absorbing surfaces made of dark material and natural wind.

The use of steam turbine generators at a heat and power plant (CHP) or a nuclear power plant (NPP) is well known, however, they require the use of fossil energy and clog the environment, including their heat loss, and the use of cooling towers in them is not a useful prototype. Other technical solutions known to the authors for the use of steam turbine generators in solar energy do not have advantages over those described above, and their technical and economic efficiency is low.

The closest technical solution to the proposed by the authors version of the solar thermal power plant using an additional power generating installation is the above-mentioned “Ocean power plant” (AS USSR No. 1495492, F03G 7/04, F01K 25/00, published on July 23, 89 g), which can be used as the closest prototype of the individual distinguishing features of the present invention. In general, the prototype of the latter is the well-known technical solutions for the creation of the GAB TPP described in the above patents of the Russian Federation, which were developed by the authors of the present invention.

The objective of this technical solution is to use the well-known technical characteristics of the GAB TPP according to the named patents of the Russian Federation No. 2199703 dated February 27, 2003 No. 2200915 dated March 20, 2003 No. 2199023 dated February 20, 03, No. 2265161 dated November 27, 2005 and No. 2267061 dated 12/27/05, providing them with high technical and economic indicators, with the development and addition of new significant features and the completion of their design solutions to achieve a higher utilization of solar energy entering the territory of the GAB TPP and increase their reliability.

The technical result of the present invention is the creation of such a solar energy complex in which highly efficient conversion of direct and reflected sunlight to thermal energy is carried out using high-temperature fluid heat carrier streams, as well as at low temperature thermo-air flows in combination with natural wind energy, using industrial , new, solar thermal battery design. At the same time, the useful removal of thermal energy from it in the areas of its most active heat loss is also additional - for the continuous production of steam of a special liquid with a low boiling point, for example, freon, ethyl alcohol and its mixtures, and other substances. This steam is directed to a ground-based steam turbine generator that generates electricity parallel to the wind turbine generator located above the ground, at the mouth of the traction pipe, and with the condition that heat energy lost after the steam turbine generator during steam condensation is used to heat the air-to-air flows entering the channel of the central power air flow of the power plant TPP. The latter allows you to intensify giving it a rotational-translational motion, due to which the efficiency of solar energy entering the territory of the GAB TPP is significantly increased.

In addition, the technical result of the present invention is the development of an additional channel for generating thermal energy by using the ambient temperature and the moisture content in the atmosphere by using a moisture condensing collector and a stand-alone heat converter, in particular a heat pump.

Particular technical results of the proposed technical solution are the reduction of specific capital costs for the organization of solar energy production of electric and thermal energy and a significant reduction in their cost, ensuring more uniform production and sale of generated energy, as well as obtaining fresh water, market ice and other advantages of this plan.

The specified technical result in the implementation of the present invention is achieved by the fact that with respect to the above known technical solutions containing heliothermal converting heat sources, wind-air guide surfaces and the energy spaces formed by them, a wind turbine with an electric generator connected to it, which is driven by a central energy air stream, an air exhaust channel located over a wind turbine and consisting of a stationary traction vehicle a controlled superstructure to it, a channel for thermo-aerodynamic conversion and increasing the power of the central energy air stream before it enters the wind turbine, including energy-converting modules with built-in heat-exchange elements connected to heat sources, and air-guiding aerodynamic elements, by means of which a central energy air stream is created rotational-translational trajectory of movement, heat accumulator in which it is stored there is a supply of thermal energy for non-solar and low-wind periods, a wind-air intake channel connected by means of an air guide opening to a thermo-aerodynamic conversion channel and increasing the power of the central energy air flow and equipped with wind-air guide surfaces, which, due to the gap openings formed between them, rotate the air in it and a machine room located below it, wherein said energy converting modules are arranged vertically for each other and have a common central axis of symmetry in conjunction with a wind turbine, exhaust and wind intake channels and a central energy flow, there are differences in that the heat exchange elements of the energy converting modules are connected through a circulating unit to at least one central container of a high-temperature fluid heat carrier located in the engine room, and the latter, in turn, is connected through a second circulation unit to a high-temperature solar thermal conversion a device as a heater of the specified coolant circulating through them, which is equipped with means for absorbing direct and reflected sunlight and transferring thermal energy to this high-temperature coolant, heat-insulated materials insulated from the environment, and is thermodynamically connected through the third circulation unit to the internal medium of the heat accumulator, which was created account of the device of the tank insulated over its entire surface, and filling the last heat accumulator a mulling material, where a high-temperature coolant circulates, while the said heat-accumulating material is thermodynamically connected with a heat exchange unit made using a heat-conducting pipe collector, into which a second heat-transfer medium enters for evaporation, in particular in the form of a liquid with a low boiling point, and which is connected by an exhaust steam line to the inlet of the steam turbine generator, and the inlet channel - with a hydraulic pump connected to the outlet of the refrigerator - liquid vapor condenser about the coolant, the input of the latter being connected by the second steam line to the output of the steam turbine generator, due to which at least one additional circuit for generating electric energy is created, the generator in which is used as an independent source of electricity generation parallel to the generator of the wind turbine, wherein said refrigerator contains a condensing pipe collector, connected through the circulation channel of the cooling working fluid to the input of an autonomous heat converter, a heated heat sink for which it is thermodynamically connected with an auxiliary heat generator located in the wind-air intake channel and / or by means of a controlled superstructure to the traction pipe, in the form of heat-generating louvers, slotted openings in which cover its central axis and additionally strengthen the rotational and translational components of the central energy air flow, while a moisture condensing collector is installed in its territory as an autonomous heat exchange unit - an additional source converted into heat about solar energy, included in the technological process for the production of electric energy in parallel with solar thermal converters, which is made by means of flat pipelines and located in the surrounding air, in particular along its perimeter in combination with a fence, the latter being connected with its supply and exhaust channels to the second heat converter as to the means of cooling and removing heat energy from the ambient air from it, and the hot heat removal of the second heat The thermal converter is connected using thermodynamic means to one of the consumers of thermal energy, while below the level of the moisture-condensing pipe collector there is a drainage channel connected to the means for preparing and accumulating marketable drinking water and the capacity of distilled water for internal technological use.

There is also a difference in that a cooling tank is installed in the supply channel to the latter between the second heat converter and the moisture-condensing collector, and a pipe collector connected to the drainage channel and the distilled water tank of internal technological application is placed in this tank.

The difference is also that a heat-insulated freezer is connected to the drainage channel, in which there are boxes for freezing part of the condensed water and packaging of marketable ice, and the freezer is in its thermo-dynamic contact with the said boxes, and with its hot thermal outlet, with autonomous container filled with coolant, which is thermodynamically connected to the aforementioned auxiliary heat generator and / or heat-generating controls air intake superstructure in the air outlet.

The result of the technical solution is the connection to the heat-exchange elements located in the channel of thermo-aerodynamic conversion and increasing the power of the central energy air flow, channels with a high-temperature coolant, which through its heat-exchange (central) capacity circulates in solar-heated solar heating devices, where it is heated, with the appropriate heat carrier, to a temperature of 150 ° C or more, as a result of which these heat exchange elements You have a strong thermo-aerodynamic effect on the central energy airflow, increasing, first of all, the speed of its rotational-vortex movement (the established vertical, translational component of its speed, along with other factors also depends on their temperature, but in a much smaller proportion). At night or in sunny days, a high-temperature coolant circulates between the heat-exchange elements and the heat accumulator, which allows it to automatically maintain its temperature at a predetermined high level and to maintain a stable mode of operation of the wind turbine. Between the heat accumulator or the central coolant tank and the heat-exchange elements, an additional heat converter can be installed as an increasing “transformer” of the coolant temperature. Such a circuit and technological solution provides high temperature stability of a high-temperature coolant sent to heat exchange elements (through appropriate regulators, which are not described for the purpose of greater clarity of presentation). In addition, according to this technical solution, the heat accumulator provides, in turn, thermal energy and a heat exchange unit in which the vaporization of the easily evaporated liquid is carried out, which makes it possible to actuate the second power production circuit using a steam turbine generator and a steam condenser cooler-condenser. An extremely important element of the technical solution is the utilization of heat losses generated in the refrigerator during steam condensation, by extracting heat from it and transferring it through a heat (temperature) converter to an auxiliary heat generator that heats the air stream, which enters through the wind and air intake channel into the base of the central energy air stream or to its other technological zones. This allows you to get additional power generation in a wind turbine in parallel with its production by a steam turbine, significantly reducing heat loss.

Additional thermal energy entering the third heat-transfer unit of the heat accumulator is generated, according to the developed technical solution, due to the installation of a moisture-condensing collector in the air, in particular along the perimeter of the GAB TPP. In this case, the applied heat converter, for example, a heat pump, “pumps out” the thermal energy from the moisture-condensing collector, which comes into it from the ambient air and from the condensation of the moisture contained in it, “transforms” it to a higher temperature level, and through the fluid heat carrier thermal energy from the surrounding air enters the heat accumulator.

The result of this technical solution along the way is getting condensed chilled distilled water and getting such a valuable product as ice, as a result of freezing part of it. At the same time, the freezer emits a lot of thermal energy during freezing of ice, and it is not emitted into the atmosphere, but is also sent, in particular, to the indicated auxiliary heat generator, parallel to the heat waste of the steam turbine generator, or to the thermodynamic means of the superstructure to the traction pipe. Chilled condensed water, if used as a coolant in this circuit, is supplied as a cooler to a cooling tank in front of the inlet of the working fluid from the heat converter to the moisture condensing collector as temperature feedback, which increases the rate of condensation of water vapor from the air.

The drawing shows an illustration of one of the options for the GAB TPP with the use of a moisture condensing collector, a heat accumulator and a steam turbine generator.

The solar thermal conversion device 1, through which a fluid, in this case liquid, coolant 2 is pumped in a thin layer, is made of heat-insulating materials 3, 4, 5. The materials 3, 4 are glass, and the material 5 is a high-temperature film, covering air volume 6 adsorbing heat loss. The latter are, in turn, directed by the air channel to the formation of the central energy air flow 7 in its various technological zones (the latter is not illustrated in the drawing). It has a rotational-translational form of movement around and along the central axis 8, as well as local vortex movements in its cross sections due to thermo-aerodynamic effects on it in channel 9 of the thermo-aerodynamic transformation and increase of its power in the wind-air intake channel 10 and the air outlet channel 11 (composition of the latter in the composition stationary traction pipe and controlled aerodynamic superstructure to it is not illustrated).

Direct 12 and 13 reflected sunlight emit thermal energy in the solar thermal device 1, heating the liquid coolant 2, which through the circulation pump 14 and hydrochannels 15 continuously circulates between the solar thermal device 1 and the central capacity 16 of the high-temperature liquid coolant 2. Direct and reverse flows of the latter between the central capacity 16 of the high-temperature coolant and the solar thermal conversion device 1 are illustrated by arrows 17.

The heat-exchange elements 18 of the energy-converting modules 19, 20, 21 and thermo-aerodynamic air-guiding intermodule transitions 22 and 23, which are part of the channel 9 of the thermo-aerodynamic conversion and increasing the power of the central energy air flow, using the created in the last aerodynamic surfaces give the central energy air flow 7 an accelerating rotational-translational movement on the way from the energy-converting module 19 to the wind turbine 24. Due to this, it gains extensive movement transmitted to the generator (not shown in the drawing), which generates electricity.

In other embodiments of the GAB TPP, in which an air coolant is supplied to the heat exchange elements 18 through the tank 16, this technology is modernized by releasing from the heat exchange (heat transfer) elements 18 a hot air coolant directly into the central energy flow at a certain angle in a given direction, due to which thermal energy enters the latter, and it acquires a similar rotational-translational trajectory of motion.

The central energy airflow 7 is created by adding together a portion of the natural windflow 25 entering the air intake duct 10 through the (controlled) wind air guide louvers-flaps 26 created in the lateral surface of the latter and air 27 from the environment entering through the fixed louvers 28 and partially through the formed slotted openings between the shutters 26, as a result of which a rotating air stream 29 is formed inside the wind-air intake channel, which enters the first energy-converting The module 19.

Actuators for turning the shutters 26 to the desired angular position relative to the radial directions from all sides of the side surface of the wind-intake channel 10, which symmetrically covers the central axis 8, are not illustrated. Between the flaps 26 installed in the corresponding angular position, along their entire height, free passages are formed - slotted openings through which the wind flow 25 and partially the air 27 enter the internal cavity of the wind and air intake channel 10 at an acute angle to the tangents drawn to its outer side surface. Due to this, the air flow 29 acquires a primary rotational movement about a central axis. The stationary louvres 28 contain inclined plates, the openings between which give the air 27 coming from below, also rotational movement in the same direction, namely clockwise, when viewed from above. Fixed louvres 28 are located in the peripheral part of the bottom 30 of the wind intake channel 10, which is also the ceiling of the engine room 31 with an inclined air-guiding side wall 32. The air 27 from the environment is pre-heated against the wall 32, which absorbs sunlight, and from the road surface covering the engine room 31. A portion of the thermal air flows created in other helioconverting structures, energy spaces of the GAB TPP, which are not shown in the drawing, also enter the wind-air intake channel 10 azans, where they are fed to a central energy airflow 7 also with rotation in the same direction (clockwise). Stationary shutters 28 in other versions of the GAB TPP can be thermoactive, with the supply of hot coolant to them, and can also be absent when air 27 enters only through the shutters 26.

The air stream 29 during its rotation enters the energy-converting module 19 through the second stationary louvres 33, forming part of the lateral surface of the last highest air intake channel 10 and also covering symmetrically the central axis 8. The louvres 33 are formed by vertical plates located around the central axis 8 at corresponding angles to the radial directions between which crevice openings are created, stabilizing the rotation of the air flow entering the energy converting module 19, mainly central energy flow 7.

On the way of the air flow 29 to the stationary louvers 33, it passes through an auxiliary heat generator installed in the wind-air intake channel, which is made in the form of an annular pipe manifold 34 (with air openings between its pipes), to which the coolant is supplied from above by means of an inlet annular hydraulic circuit 35 and is discharged by means of a discharge annular hydraulic line 36. The pipe collector 34 of the auxiliary heat generator also symmetrically covers the central axis 8, has predominantly the same e air openings between the pipes and tilts upward with the purpose of imparting to the central energy airflow 7 not only rotational motion, but also translational - upward along the central axis 8. For better heat transfer from the pipes of the collector 34 of the auxiliary heat generator to the air flow 29 passing between them and communicating with it corresponding directional movement inward of the energy converting module 19, air guide heat conducting plates 37 are fixed on the pipes of the collector 34, which can be easily removed for ode attendants to the outer side of the annular louvers 33 (the latter may also be removed for passage into the energy conversion module 19, but it has a removable segment for this at the bottom). In other versions of the GAB TPP, the pipe manifold 34 can be made in the form of thermoactive shutters, similar to the design of the shutters 28, with the release of hot air coolant, as mentioned above, directly into the rotating air flow. In this case, instead of stationary shutters 33, if a sufficiently intensive rotation of the air flow is achieved, a free air opening in the form of a conical surface can be performed.

In the upper part of the energy-converting module 19, in front of the thermo-aerodynamic air-guide intermodule junction 22, an accelerator 38 is installed - a power regulator of the central energy air flow 7 before it enters the wind turbine 24, which allows you to adjust the speed of rotation of the wind turbine and the power it consumes. The accelerator 38 has a flat multifaceted structure, and in each of its faces there is a group of bearings for the rotation of radially mounted axes to which rotary air guide plates are fixed (the accelerator design is not illustrated in the drawing). With the horizontal position of these plates, the through vertical channel for the passage of the central energy air flow 7 is completely blocked and it does not enter the wind turbine 24, while retaining its rotational motion in the energy modules for a certain time due to thermo-aerodynamic effects on it. When the plates of the accelerator 38 are rotated by a certain angle, the central energy airflow 7 begins to flow into the wind turbine 24, and for each of its turns the kinetic energy of its rotational movement and the corresponding portion of its volume are transferred to it. The blades of the wind turbine are designed so that the kinetic energy of the rotational component of the movement of the central energy air flow is selected to the maximum extent. The latter modulo 4-6 times exceeds the vertical, translational component of its speed, which, with its significant value, carries a large amount of thermal energy into the atmosphere through the auxiliary aerodynamic device 39 and the air exhaust channel 11. Therefore, the channel 9 thermo-aerodynamic conversion and increase the power of the central energy air designed in such a way that the vertical speed of the latter was minimized under conditions of maximum power output to its wind turbine units.The High-speed rotational component. This allows you to increase the utilization of thermal energy of solar thermal converters of the GAB TPP, and hence the coefficient of beneficial use of solar energy entering the territory of the GAB TPP. In other implementations, the accelerator 38 can be installed in other areas of the air flow, even built into the inlet cavity of the wind turbine 24.

In this example, the heat exchange elements 18 are connected by hydraulic channels 40 through a circulation pump 41 to the central tank 16 of the high-temperature liquid heat carrier 2. The direct and return flows of the liquid heat carrier in the hydraulic channels 40 are conventionally shown by arrows 42. The speed of the liquid coolant when it passes through the heat exchange elements 18 is regulated (control devices are not illustrated), as a result of which the temperature of their influence on the central energy airflow is also controlled 7. Temperature control range p of the exposure is in the range of 50-200 degrees Celsius and more, depending on the placement region HA B TPP structure gelioteplopreobrazuyuschih devices 1, and also on the type of coolant. From this range it follows that the temperature effect on the velocity components of the central energy airflow 7, in conjunction with special aerodynamic devices, can be very powerful.

The central tank 16 of the high-temperature coolant is connected by its third (two-pipe) channel 43 through a circulation pump 44 to a heat exchange unit 45 located in a special high-temperature heat accumulator 46. The forward and reverse flows of the liquid coolant between the central tank 16 and the heat exchange unit 45 are conventionally shown by arrows 47.

The heat accumulator 46 is made in the form of a tank filled, in particular, with bulk material with increased heat capacity, for example loam. Loam is a certain mixture of sand and clay, one cubic meter of which for each degree of temperature increment stores only 20% less thermal energy than it stores one cubic meter of water - a substance with a particularly high specific heat capacity. At the same time, loam is a cheap material, often present in the soil structure under the GAB TPP under construction, and has its advantages as a loose high-temperature material. In other versions of the GAB TPP, crushed stone, liquid medium can be used as heat-accumulating material, and special gas or air can be used as a heat carrier. New developments can open up new inexpensive materials with a high specific heat capacity, the use of which would reduce the volume and cost of the heat accumulator 46. The indicated capacity of the latter around the perimeter is well insulated, for example, foam concrete - an inexpensive material with high thermal insulation characteristics. In this case, the side walls of the tank, after their thermal insulation, are closed by the second thermal insulation layer with an air heat-insulating gap between the layers, which is connected to the heat loss recovery system. Under the bottom of the tank, the location of the second layer of thermal insulation and the air gap is associated with significant technical difficulties and a significant increase in the cost of the heat accumulator. Therefore, they most often agree with heat losses from the heat accumulator through the bottom, through good thermal insulation, to the ground. A further description of the second circuit for the production of electricity in the GAB TPP, associated with an important aspect of the invention, is related to heat losses through the bottom of the heat accumulator 46. To provide a second circuit for the production of electricity with thermal energy, a second heat exchange unit 48 is installed in the heat accumulator 46. The latter is designed to evaporate the liquid working body, receiving its steam and directing it into a steam turbine generator in order to drive it into rotation and generate electricity. Water can also be used as an evaporated working fluid, but using a liquid with a lower boiling point is a much better option, in which less thermal energy is extracted from the heat accumulator for every kilowatt-hour of generated electricity. As the latter, freon, ethyl alcohol, and even better, liquid substances with a boiling point in the range of 30-50 ° C and low heat of vaporization can be used.

The heat exchange units 45 and 48 are made in the form of heat-conducting pipe collectors located in a bulk coolant and in thermal contact with it. The first of them circulates a heated, in this case, liquid coolant, storing thermal energy in the heat accumulator 46 in the solar period and transferring it to the central tank 16 during a non-solar period, from which the thermal energy enters the heat-exchange elements 18. The second heat-exchange unit 48 circulates the evaporated liquid with a boiling point is much lower than the temperature of the heat-accumulating material, and in the case that, mainly, the use of easily evaporated liquid, its temperature does not exceed 80-100 degrees Owls Celsius (most often - no more than 50 degrees Celsius). Thus, if the evaporative heat exchange unit 48 is located directly above the bottom, then it will be a “gasket” that lowers the temperature of the inner surface of the bottom. Consequently, heat loss through the insulated bottom to the ground is significantly reduced. In other versions of the GAB TPP, the heat exchange unit 45 can be replaced by direct connections of the heat accumulator 46 with a capacity of 16 and the solar thermal converter 1 via switches. The heat exchange unit 48, with a well insulated bottom, can be carried outside the heat accumulator. In this case, the hotter heat flux is removed from the upper part of the heat accumulator, and the returned colder heat flux enters the area of its bottom, which achieves a similar effect of reducing heat loss to the ground.

The evaporated liquid working fluid enters the heat exchange unit 48 through the hydraulic channel 49 by means of a hydraulic pump 50. The steam of the working fluid under a given pressure enters through the second channel - steam line 51 - to the input of the steam turbine generator 52, from the output of which through the steam line 53 the spent steam enters the refrigerator-condenser 54 steam of the working fluid, where the latter goes into a liquid state and enters the hydraulic pump 50. The movement of the working fluid — an easily evaporated fluid along the contour is indicated by arrows without numbering.

An autonomous heat-exchange unit 55 is placed in the refrigerator-condenser 54, the task of which is to remove heat energy from the refrigerator, which occurs in it as a result of condensation of steam of an easily evaporated liquid. In this regard, the heat exchange unit 55 through the two-pipe channel 56 (the directions of the coolant are shown by arrows 57) is connected to a heat converter 58, for example, a heat pump, which provides cooling of the working fluid circulating in the heat exchange unit 55 by means of a two-pipe channel 56, and heat transfer from its hot heat sink through channel 59, which is indicated by arrow 60. In a particular embodiment of heat converter 58, as is the case in this case, heat transfer can to the tank 61 by direct thermal contact, in particular to its internal components. Due to the latter, the tank 61 is heated, in particular, filled with water, which, through the circulation pump 62 and the two-pipe channel 63, enters the supply ring pipe 35 of the auxiliary heat generator pipe 34 and is directed through the discharge ring pipe 36 back to the container 61. The arrows 64 show the movement water through channel 63, and the dashed arrow 65 conventionally shows the return of water cooled in the auxiliary heat source to channel 63 and further to tank 61. Thanks to this technical solution, according to The main amount of heat loss in the channel of the steam turbine generator 52, generated primarily in the process of steam condensation, is transferred to the pipe manifold 34, which additionally heats the air stream 29 in the wind-air intake channel 10 and in which the water circulating between it and the tank 61 is cooled. Heat losses that occur directly in the steam turbine and in the generator connected to it are adsorbed by ventilation flows, which are sent in the form of thermal air flows to form central energy air flow 7 (not shown in the drawing), which contributes to an increase in the generation of electricity in the wind turbine 24.

The second source of thermal energy parallel to the high-temperature solar thermal converter 1, in the proposed version of the GABTES, is a moisture condensing collector 66 located in an open environment, mainly along the perimeter of the GAB TPP, in combination with its fence. The moisture-condensing collector is made of heat-conducting material, in particular in the form of interconnected flat pipelines, for example, of edible aluminum. The second heat converter 67, for example, a heat pump, as a stand-alone refrigerator by means of a compressor and / or hydraulic pump 68 and the working fluid takes away heat energy from the moisture-condensing collector 66, which comes to it from the ambient air, including condensed water vapor from it (on the pipe collector 66), and its hot heat sink is connected by a thermal contact to the heated water in the second intermediate tank 69. The direction of this heat flow is shown by arrow 70. Water from the tank 69 through an autonomous circulation The pump 71 enters the third heat exchange unit 72 via a two-pipe hydrochannel 73 with arrows 74, which is installed in the heat accumulator 46 in thermal contact with the second heat exchange unit 48. In this case, the heat exchange unit 72 is located between the heat-insulating bottom of the tank of the heat accumulator 46 and the heat exchange unit 48 so that a higher temperature heat flux from the first heat exchange unit 45 does not reach the bottom, but closes on the second heat exchange unit 48. This drastically reduces heat loss through the bottom, and a significant part of the thermal energy for the operation of the steam turbine generator 52 is supplied through the heat channel (moisture condensing manifold 66, heat converter 67, second intermediate tank 69, third heat exchange unit 72, two-pipe hydrochannel 73) from the surrounding air.

With a certain design of the heat accumulator 46, the second heat exchange unit 48 can cover (cover) not only the bottom, but also part of the walls along the height of the heat accumulator. In this case, the task remains the same - minimizing heat loss to the ground.

When the second heat converter 67 is operating, condensed distilled water 75 flows off the moisture condensing collector 66, the drain of which is indicated by arrows 76. Water 75 is collected in the drainage channel 77, which is connected through pumping units 78, 79, 80, respectively, to the distilled water tank 81 for internal technological consumption , including for irrigation of cultivated plants, with means 82 for the preparation and accumulation of marketable drinking water and with a thermally insulated freezer 83 for freezing goods go ice.

From the pump unit 78, the drainage channel 77 and the tank 81, distilled water 75 through the cooling channel 84 enters a heat exchanger 85 installed in the cooling tank 86. The arrows 87 show the direction of water 75 relative to the pipe manifold - heat exchanger 85 and tank 81.

A tank 86 is installed between the heat converter 67 and the moisture condensing manifold 66 in the supply to the last hydraulic line, which is indicated by arrows 88 along the movement of the working fluid. The heat exchanger 85, in fact, is included in the cooling tank 86 as an element of the feedback on the temperature of the process of moisture condensation - water 75 from the ambient air, and helps to reduce the temperature of the moisture condensing manifold 66. Depending on the design of the heat converter 67, the tank 86 may not be used.

Means 82 of the preparation and accumulation of marketable drinking water contain containers, automatic mechanisms for adding additives to distilled water to get drinking water from it, metering devices and dispensing water to consumers (not shown in the drawing)

Freezer 83 is a heat-insulated chamber in which boxes 89 are located, designed for pouring water, freezing, packing and removing ice, outside of which there is an infrastructure for the preparation and sale of ice products as products. With its cold outlet - a cold generator - the freezer 83 is in thermodynamic contact with these boxes. And since when the freezing unit 83 is operating, a significant amount of thermal energy is released through the heat sink 90 (both the freezer and the heat sink are shown schematically in dashed lines in the drawing), the latter is made in thermal contact with an autonomous tank 91 filled with heated water, which is connected via the circulation pump 92 is connected to the auxiliary heat source by channels 93 and 63 parallel to the exhaust heat channel (channel 59, capacity 61, circulation pump 62) of the first heat converter 58.

Arrows 94 indicate the direction of water movement in channel 93.

The device is operating - the proposed helioaerobaric thermal power plant - as follows.

Direct 12 and 13 reflected sunlight enter through heat-insulating materials with air gaps, light-permeable materials 3, 4 (sheet glass) and 5 (films) onto the dark heat-conducting structures of the solar thermal converter device 1 and passing through the last heat carrier 2, heating it to a temperature of 95- 150 degrees Celsius and above, depending on the type of coolant. Heat losses passing through double glass insulation with air gaps enter the air volume 6, which is connected by heat-insulated air ducts to the system for utilizing thermal air flows (it is not shown in the illustrations), which are directed to the central energy flow 7.

The heated coolant 2 is circulated in the considered embodiment of the GAB TPP with the help of a circulation pump 14 and hydraulic channels 15 between the solar thermal converting device 1 and the central capacity 16 of the high-temperature liquid coolant, transferring heat energy into it. The temperature in the central tank 16 can be significantly increased relative to the device 1 and the heat accumulator 46, if the inputs to it (via switches) are connected to a special heat converter, which is absent in the GAB TPP in this embodiment.

From the central tank 16, the continuously heated coolant 2 through another circulation pump 41 and hydraulic channels 40 enters the heat exchange elements 18 installed in the energy-converting modules 19, 20, 21 and in the thermo-aerodynamic air-guiding intermodule transitions 22, 23. The heated heat-exchange elements 18 sequentially increase the energy rotationally - translational vortex motion of the central energy air flow 7 with an increase in the ratio of the modules of the rotational and translational components of its air speeds, up to a value of 4-6: 1 or more, before entering the wind turbine 24. Its blades are designed in such a way that the rotational component of the air flow velocity is maximally converted into the energy of rotation of the wind turbine with minimizing its speed of exit from it, with a maximum efficiency of the wind turbine generator.

The vortex components in the cross section of the central energy airflow 7 are created by special forms of aerodynamic devices placed in energy converting modules, which creates a significant similarity to its controlled tornado. The latter enhances the effect of airflow 7 on the wind turbine 24, and also enhances the aerodynamic processes of traction when moving it behind the wind turbine, with a significantly reduced rotation speed at its outlet, through the interfacing aerodynamic device 39, the air exhaust channel 11 — the traction pipe and atmosphere layers above it.

A more detailed description of thermo-aerodynamic means leading the central energy airflow 7 to an accelerating rotational-vortex movement is not the subject of the present invention.

Natural wind flow 25 and air 27 from the environment, heated by the sun's rays through various devices and energy spaces (not disclosed in more detail) during the solar period, including the walls 32 of the machine room 31, enter the wind and air intake channel 10 through controlled shutters 26 and uncontrolled shutters 28, forming in it a rotating stream of air 29.

The latter, rotating around the central axis 8, moves into the internal environment of the lower energy-converting module 19 due to the convective draft existing in it, support from below and the influence of the air exhaust channel 11, and also due to the placement of aerodynamic devices and devices in the wind-air intake channel 10 that facilitate this advancement. One of such devices is an annular inclined pipe collector 34 of the auxiliary heat generator, through which hot liquid flows, from the upper ring line 35 to the lower ring line 36, in particular hot water, which transfers its thermal energy to the rotating air stream 29. Since the pipe collector 34 is equipped with radiator and air guide heat conducting plates 37, cutting off from the rotating air stream 29 layers of air directed into the module 19, with upward support (due to the mu drawing bias tubular collector plates 34 and 37), air flow 29 passes through the slot openings between the second stationary louvers 33, further informs him rotational movement, and constitutes the base of the central energy airflow 7 to the initial rotational-translational movement.

Hot water flowing inside the annular pipe manifold 34 energetically enhances this process, and the heat energy for heating the water comes from the utilization of heat losses in the secondary power generation loop at the GAB TPP (as well as additional heat production in the freezer 83).

The source of thermal energy is the heat accumulator 46, which, in turn, is supplied with thermal energy through a heat exchange unit 45, the pipe collector of which is connected by means of a circulation pump 44 and a hydraulic channel 43 to the central tank 16 of the high-temperature coolant 2. Actually, in this part of the technical solution, thermal energy to the heat accumulator, at a sufficiently high potential level, comes from solar thermal converters 1.

For energy supply of the second circuit for the production of electric energy according to the invention, a second heat exchange unit 48 is installed in the heat accumulator 46, into which a liquid with a lower boiling point (and a low temperature of intense vaporization) is supplied with a hydraulic pump 50. In this regard, an excess steam pressure is created in the heat exchange unit 48, which enters the steam turbine generator 52 through the steam line 51, which drives its own generator, which is electrically connected to the wind turbine generator 24 (the generators are not shown in the drawing).

The spent steam passing through the steam turbine generator 52, through the steam line 53 enters the refrigerator-condenser 54, where the steam (easily evaporated liquid) goes through the condensation stage, turning into liquid due to the supply to the pipe manifold - heat exchange unit 55 of the cooling working fluid coming from the temperature Converter 58 through the circulation channel 56. The temperature Converter 58 can be performed by using a classic heat pump, which takes away heat from the heat exchanger unit 55 and transfers it at an elevated potential level in a container 61 filled, in particular, water. The latter, continuously heated from the temperature converter 58, enters with the aid of a circulation pump 62 into the inlet ring hydraulic line 35 of the auxiliary heat pipe tube collector 34 and returns to the container 61 through its outlet ring hydraulic line 36 and hydraulic channel 63. Hot water reaching a temperature of 95 ° C, transfers its heat through the pipe manifold 34 and its radiator air guide plates 37 to the rotating air stream 29 in the internal environment of the wind-air intake channel 10.

As a result of this, the central energy airflow 7 receives an energy gain determined by the amount of heat loss in the second power production loop due to the condensation of the vapor of the easily evaporated liquid in the refrigerator-condenser 54, which makes it possible to increase the generation of electricity by a wind turbine 24 connected to its electric generator.

Thus, it follows from the foregoing that according to the invention, by means of a heat accumulator 46, a steam turbine generator 52 connected to an electric generator, and a refrigerator-condenser 54 of vapors of easily evaporated liquid directed by a pump 50 to the heat exchange unit 48 of the heat accumulator, a second power production circuit is created in the GAB TPP what increases the reliability of electricity supply to consumers of thermal energy.

At the GAB TPP, these heat losses are not released into the environment, but are utilized by the wind turbine generator to generate additional electricity by directing them to generate a central energy air flow 7 that rotates the wind turbine 24. The reliability of the power supply to the GABTES power consumers is achieved by the electrical outputs of both generators, respectively, of the wind turbine 24 and steam turbine 52, are interconnected in parallel (not shown).

According to the invention, in this embodiment, the GAB TPP also created another circuit for the production of thermal energy parallel to the solar thermal converting devices. This heat supply circuit of the GAB TPP is lower potential: it uses the energy of the atmosphere of the surrounding air as a source of thermal energy, including the energy of water vapor in its composition, which also produces a significant amount of thermal energy during condensation and allows water to be obtained.

For this purpose, as shown in the drawing, a moisture condensing collector 66 is installed on the territory of the GAB TPP, which is cooled by a heat converter 67, the working fluid of which enters into it, as shown by the arrow. Depending on the type of heat converter 67, air, vaporous medium or liquid moves through the pipeline at the outlet of the moisture condensing collector (arrow), and a compressor or hydraulic pump 68 is used as the unit. The working body of heat converter 67 must have a temperature at the inlet to collector 66 not above 10 ° C, and better - about 0 ° C, at which the latter is an intensive condensation of moisture from the air, with the exception of the period of frosty weather.

An additional intermediate cooling tank 86 can be installed in the inlet channel of the moisture-condensing collector 66, the pipe collector - a heat exchanger 85 of which is connected to a source of condensed cold water 75 flowing down according to the arrows 76 into the drainage channel 77. The condensed cold water additionally cools the working fluid in the liquid phase, supplied to the input of the moisture-condensing collector 66. Thereby, the latter is further cooled, thereby initiating a feedback process aimed at reducing its temperature and to increase the rate of condensation of water and absorption of thermal energy from the surrounding air. This thermal energy taken from the air is transferred to the hot heat removal of the temperature converter 67, which (like a thermal “transformer”) directs the extracted heat energy to the second intermediate tank 69, filled in particular with water through heat transfer (the process of heat transfer to the tank 69 is shown by an arrow 70). Water through the circulation cycle (arrows 74) through a stand-alone circulation pump 71 enters with the help of a two-pipe hydraulic channel 73 into the third heat exchange unit 72. The latter transfers the indicated heat energy extracted from the environment through a moisture condensing collector 66 and heat converter 67, with a temperature level of 80 -95 ° C. The tube manifold of the heat exchange unit 72 is located in almost direct thermal contact with the second heat exchange unit 48 and is located on its external side, that is, on the side of the heat insulating bottom (and in some cases also the walls) of the heat accumulator 46. As a result, the thermal energy from the first heat exchange unit 45 (due to intense heat transfer) reaches the heat exchange unit 48, through which the evaporated working fluid passes, also at a temperature level of not more than 80-95 degrees Celsius, due to which plopoteri from the storage tank through the bottom in the earth are greatly reduced. The heat supply to the second circuit of electricity production (a steam turbine generator with an easily evaporated liquid) is provided to a greater extent due to the low potential heat energy extracted from the air environment.

The moisture condensed in this case flows down the collector pipes 66 down (arrows 76) into the drainage channel 77, from where the formed cooled water enters:

a) in a cooled intermediate tank 86, in which the working fluid of the heat converter 67 is additionally (pre) cooled before entering the moisture condensing collector 66, which, as through the feedback channel, the temperature of the moisture condensing collector is further reduced. If a classic heat pump is used as a heat converter 67, then (under a certain pressure regime) a liquid working fluid (for example, freon) enters the manifold 66, and leaves it in a vapor state through a compressor, followed by condensation and significant heat evolution at elevated temperature ;

b) in a tank of 81 distilled water for technical use in the GAB TPP, including for irrigation of cultivated soil and plants, as well as in a tank of means 82 for the preparation and accumulation of marketable drinking water;

c) in the freezing unit 83, through which the production of a valuable product - marketable ice is organized, and in parallel with ice formation, as is known, the freezing unit also emits the corresponding amount of thermal energy with a temperature that can exceed 100 degrees Celsius, and this temperature is converted into water thermal the flow entering the auxiliary heat generator with a pipe manifold 34 through a stand-alone circulation pump 92 and a channel 93 connected in parallel with the channel 63. In fact, the heat flux from the hot heat sink of the freezing unit 83 merges with the heat flux from the heat sink of the refrigerator-condenser 54, and together they, in parallel, act on the formation of the base of the central energy air flow 7.

Thus, the considered technical solutions according to the proposed invention significantly increase the stability of the GAB TPP while providing consumers with electric and thermal energy, increase the utilization of solar energy entering the territory of the GAB TPP, attract thermal energy of the air environment for additional heat supply of its operation, and make it possible to obtain valuable by-products - fresh water and ice.

All this is achieved by the implementation of all claims, however, a significant technical and economic effect is achieved by the implementation of only one of claims 1.

Claims (3)

1. A thermal power plant containing a wind turbine with an electric generator connected to it, which is driven by a central air stream, an exhaust channel located above the wind turbine and consisting of a stationary traction pipe and a controlled superstructure to it, a channel for converting and increasing the power of the central air stream before it enters the wind turbine, a heat accumulator in which a store of thermal energy is stored, characterized in that it comprises a device for heating the coolant with solar rays, s a boron channel connected by means of an air guide opening with a channel for converting and increasing the power of the central air stream and provided with guide surfaces that impart rotational movement of air to the air in the intake channel due to the gap openings between them, and a machine room located under the intake channel, the conversion channel and the capacity increase of the central air flow includes energy converting modules with integrated heat exchange elements and air guide aerodynamic elements, by means of which a rotational-translational motion path is created for the central air flow, these energy converting modules are arranged vertically one above the other and have a common central axis of symmetry together with the wind turbine, air exhaust and intake channels and the central air flow, the heat exchange elements of the energy converting modules are connected through a circulation pump, at least one central capacity of the first fluid coolant located in the machine room, and the latter, in turn, is connected through the second circulation pump to the device for heating the coolant with sun rays, while the first coolant circulates between the central tank and the device for heating the coolant with sun rays, which is equipped with means for absorbing direct and reflected sunlight and transmitting thermal energy the first heat carrier, heat-insulated from the environment, light-permeable materials, and connected through the third circulation pump to the internal environment a loaccumulator, which is created by arranging a tank thermally insulated over its entire surface and filling this tank with a heat-accumulating material, in which a first heat-conducting pipe collector, through which the first heat carrier circulates, and a second heat-conducting pipe collector, into which the second heat carrier passes, in particular, in the form of a liquid with a low boiling point, and which is connected by a discharge steam line to the inlet of the steam turbine generator, and by a supply hydro-channel to a hydraulic a pump connected to the outlet of the condenser-refrigerator of the liquid heat-transfer medium vapor, the input of the latter being connected by a second steam line to the output of the steam turbine generator, due to which at least one additional electric energy production circuit is created, the generator in which is used as an independent source of electricity generation parallel to the wind turbine generator wherein the refrigerator-condenser of the liquid heat carrier vapor contains a condensing pipe manifold connected by a circulation channel near a cooling working fluid with an inlet of an autonomous heat converter, the heated heat sink of which is connected to an auxiliary heat generator located in the intake channel and made in the form of an annular pipe collector covering the central axis, air-conducting heat-conducting plates are fixed on the pipes, while a moisture condensing is installed on the territory of the power plant pipe manifold, which is made by means of flat pipelines and which is located in the surrounding air medium, in particular, along the perimeter of the thermal power plant, the latter being connected by its discharge channels to the second heat converter as a means of cooling the moisture-condensing pipe collector and removing heat energy from the surrounding air from it, and between said second heat converter and the water-condensing pipe collector cooling capacity in the inlet channel to the latter, and the hot heat removal of the second heat converter is connected to one from consumers of thermal energy, while below the level of the moisture-condensing pipe collector there is a drainage channel connected to the means of preparation and storage of marketable drinking water and the capacity of distilled water for internal technological use. 2. The thermoelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that in the cooling tank there is a pipe collector connected to the drainage channel and the distilled water tank of internal technological application. 3. The heat and power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that a heat-insulated freezer is installed in the drainage channel, in which there are boxes for freezing part of the condensed water and packaging of marketable ice, and the freezer is in contact with the said boxes with its cold generator and its hot a heat sink - with an autonomous tank filled with a coolant and connected to the aforementioned auxiliary heat generator.