RU2371664C2 - Gasdynamic bullet and method of charging bullet for said bullet - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: proposed bullet comprises at least one pressure chamber, and at least two jet nozzles, each communicating with aforesaid pressure chamber via gas flow branch pipe. Note here that proposed bullet incorporates antifriction section. In charging the cartridge, wads-absorbers with gas flow holes are used.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of fire.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

1. The technical field to which the invention relates.

The invention relates to hunting, in particular to bullets for smooth-bore hunting weapons, and a method for equipping a cartridge.

2. The level of technology

The following types of bullets are used for firing from a smoothbore hunting weapon: ball have a spherical shape; arrow type have a shape, usually close to cylindrical and are made with a lightweight rear or with a detachable shank made of wood, plastic, other materials; turbine type are made with inclined ribs located in one way or another, working on the principle of air and gas turbine blades. Combined bullets of an arrow-turbine type are also known. Such bullets have a lightweight back and inclined ribs.

The main goal of all of the above modifications is stabilization of a bullet in flight. Ball-type bullets are impractical to consider because of the impossibility of stabilizing them when firing from smooth-bore weapons. Let us consider in more detail the remaining types of bullets: arrow type, turbine type and arrow-turbine type. So in order:

Bullets of the arrow type: stabilization of these bullets is provided by the removal of the front of the center of mass, while the rear of the bullet is made as light as possible and acts as a stabilizer. Also, for additional stabilization, the rear of the bullet is made in the form of aerodynamic plumage. The main disadvantages of bullets of this type are:

a) The absence of axial rotation, compensating for the inevitable manufacturing inaccuracies, as well as stabilizing as a result of the gyroscopic effect.

b) Small elongation of a bullet - a small total length of the bullet in relation to its diameter. For non-rotating bullets, elongation is critical.

c) Ineffective plumage of bullets designed for firing from rifles, from the 20th caliber or less.

d) High requirements for precision manufacturing.

Turbine type bullets: bullets of this type are stabilized by rotation, for which purpose the inclined ribs are made on the outer surface of the bullet, or on the inner surface of a special through axial channel, or both. In flight, these ribs are affected by the incoming air flow, and since the ribs have a corresponding shape and inclination, they begin to work, like the blades of air and gas turbines, telling the bullet axial rotation. The main disadvantages of bullets of this type are:

a) Inertia. The interval between the point of departure of the barrel bullet and the point of start of significant rotation under the influence of aerodynamic forces of the bullet passes like a simple, unstable, cylindrical pool. At this interval, a significant deviation from the initial trajectory occurs.

b) Low efficiency of inclined ribs at subsonic speed. It should be borne in mind that all bullets from the 20th caliber and more are used in cartridges that provide an initial speed of no higher than 450-470 m / s. And in most cases, this speed is 350-370 m / s. Consequently, the bullet after a shot is rapidly switching to a subsonic flight mode. Thus, the time interval over which the effective operation of the aerodynamic surfaces of a turbine type bullet is insufficient.

Bullets arrow-type turbine: these bullets combine simultaneously two types of stabilization arrow and stabilization by rotation. This combination provides some advantages, but does not eliminate the main disadvantages described above. This fact has been repeatedly confirmed by practice. The ultimate aiming range of all of the above bullets is 85-90 meters. In preparing the section "prior art" used materials from books and articles by the following authors: V.N. Trofimov (Hunting Ammunition: Handbook. - Minsk, 1996), I. Kanavets (Russian Hunting Newspaper No. 13, 2006), V.V. .Leontiev (Okhotnik. - SPb., 1995).

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a bullet known from RU 2163998 C1, 03/10/2001.

The technical result provided by the proposed device, made of lead, is to increase the ultimate aiming range of the shot to 100-110 meters. To achieve the specified technical result, the bullet for cartridges for smooth-bore hunting weapons is made with the possibility of axial rotation due to the energy of the powder gases of the charge of the cartridge, while at least one pressure chamber and at least two jet nozzles are made in it, each of which communicated with the pressure chamber by one gas pipe, and the bullet contains an antifriction section.

Thus, a bullet was obtained for firing from a smoothbore hunting weapon, the stabilization of which is carried out by axial rotation, and the energy of the powder gases of the charge of the cartridge is used to effect axial rotation.

The technical result of the method is the provision of the given operation of the device with the maximum simplicity of the equipment of the cartridge. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of equipping the cartridge includes filling in a cartridge case of a powder charge, laying a cardboard strip on a powder charge, laying on a cardboard strip of wad-shock absorbers, installing a bullet and rolling the cartridge case, while the bullet using the bullet according to claim 1, and as wads-shock absorbers - wads-martizators with gas holes.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The proposed device includes (figure 1, 2, 3): pressure chamber 1, two gas pipe 2, two conical nozzles 3, antifriction section 4, bullet body 5.

When firing a shot, the powder gases enter the pressure chamber 1, then fill the gas pipes 2 and the conical nozzles 3. Since the bullet continues its movement along the barrel, the walls of the barrel channel impede further spread of the powder gases. At the moment the bullet goes through the muzzle, the nozzles 3 open and the powder gases, under high pressure, begin to flow out of them, creating a significant jet thrust. The bullet acquires axial rotation. At the same time, the rear part of the bullet, the anti-friction section 4, is still in the barrel channel, thereby ensuring reliable and accurate fixation along the axis of the barrel. After passing the muzzle, the bullet continues to increase the rotation speed for 5-8 cm. Further, the stream of gas flowing from the barrel is not able to seriously affect the bullet and it goes into a free, stable flight. The diameter of the anti-friction section 4 is selected in such a way as to ensure reliable fixation of the bullet and minimal friction against the walls of the barrel bore when passing the muzzle.

The proposed method for equipping the cartridge is as follows (Fig. 4) after laying in the sleeve 6, the right amount of gunpowder, a cardboard pad 7 is laid directly on the gunpowder, with a thickness of up to two millimeters, but not less than one and a half millimeters. Then, in simple cylindrical felt wads-shock absorbers 8, with a height (depending on caliber) of 5 to 10 mm, through the gas holes 9 are made in the center of the diameter, with a diameter similar to the diameter of the pressure chamber 1. Further, these wads stacked on the aforementioned gasket so that their holes form a straight cylindrical channel. Next, a bullet is laid and the sleeve is rolled. In this way, a direct channel is formed, formed by the openings of the wads laid, leading directly from the powder pad 7 to the pressure chamber 1.

When a shot is fired, at the beginning of the process of burning gunpowder, pressure is created that is not able to break through the gasket, but is nevertheless able to move all the shell equipment. At this stage, wads work as shock absorbers, reducing the overload acting on the bullet with rapid acceleration.

Further, the bullet flares the sleeve of the sleeve, passes the projectile entrance and begins acceleration along the barrel. At the moment a bullet enters the barrel channel, significant friction is created against the channel walls, therefore, the resistance to the bullet movement increases and, accordingly, the acceleration somewhat decreases. But the combustion of gunpowder develops, respectively, a pressure jump occurs and the gasket 7 breaks. There is a breakthrough of the powder gases in the channel formed by the gas holes 9 wad 8, then the gases enter the pressure chamber 1. The further process is described above.

Of course, when using more advanced shock-absorbing gas pipeline devices, the overall technical effect of the entire invention will undoubtedly be higher.

Since in this description, as an example, an example of manufacturing a bullet from lead is given, it should be borne in mind that when manufacturing a bullet from harder materials (brass, various hard alloys of lead, other permitted materials), it is possible to perform not two, but four, eight or more jet nozzles with gas pipes. Thus, it is possible to obtain a significantly greater axial rotation speed and a bullet made, for example, of brass, can provide an ultimate aiming range of up to 170-190 meters.

Claims (2)

1. Bullet for cartridges for smoothbore weapons, made with the possibility of axial rotation due to the energy of the powder gases of the charge of the cartridge, characterized in that it has at least one pressure chamber and at least two jet nozzles, each of which communicated with the pressure chamber by one gas pipe, while the bullet contains an antifriction section. 2. A method of equipping a cartridge, including filling a cartridge with a powder charge in a cartridge case, laying a cardboard strip on a powder cartridge, laying on a cardboard strip of wad-shock absorbers, installing a bullet and rolling the cartridge case, characterized in that the bullet according to claim 1 is used as a bullet, use wad shock absorbers with gas holes