RU2370661C1 - Water power plant (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: water power plant comprises stands, water conduit, the first and second shafts, the first and second gears, yoke and generator. Plant is equipped with multiplier, connected to generator, and with pairs of parallel yokes, hingedly joined to their ends by means of the first and second reservoirs, every of which comprises unit of upper position fixation and exhaust valve. In upper position reservoirs are arranged as interacting with unit of fixation and through lever to water conduit valve. In lower position they are made as interacting through exhaust valve with thrust providing for water drain. Shafts are installed on stands along single vertical line with the possibility of free rotation. Gears are installed on each shaft, being coupled to each other, and N number of overrunning clutch pairs, races of which are fixed to according pairs of parallel yokes.

EFFECT: creation of energy converter, which converts potential energy accumulated in water reservoirs, into electric energy.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of renewable energy sources, namely, in the use of potential energy stored in a tank of water discharged along an inclined plane, and its conversion into other types of energy, mainly into electric energy.

Known transducer of wind and waves (Aliev A.S., Aliyev B.Z. "Transducer of wind and wave energy", RF patent No. 2254494, F03D 5/04 of 09/10/2003), which contains rotating platforms connected with levers . On each platform a blade is installed. The energy transducer also contains kinetically coupled motion transducer and a unit for changing orientation and fixing the position of the blade interacting with the wind vane.

The motion converter through the multiplier is connected to an electric generator.

The disadvantages of the known energy Converter can be attributed to the complexity of the design of the Converter and the impossibility of its use on land.

Also known is the water power plant [Dyachenko A.G. Patent RU No. 20349970 / C1 “Hydroaccumulative power plant”, F03B 13/00 of 05/10/1995], which works from the water supply and is a tool for the same purpose. It can be taken as the closest analogue (prototype). The prototype contains racks, water supply, first and second shafts, first and second gears, rocker and generator.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the structural complexity.

The technical task is to create an energy converter that converts the potential energy of water stored in water tanks into electrical energy.

This technical problem is solved by creating a fundamentally new design of a water power plant, which contains racks, water supply, first and second shafts, first and second gears, a rocker, a generator, as well as a multiplier connected to a generator, and a pair of parallel rockers. The ends of the rocker arm are pivotally connected to the first and second containers. Each of the containers contains a node for fixing the upper position and the exhaust valve. At the same time, in the upper position, the tanks are made interacting with the fixing unit and through the lever with the water supply valve, and in the lower position - through the outlet valve with an emphasis providing water drainage. Moreover, the shafts are mounted on racks along one vertical axis with the possibility of free rotation, and on each shaft there are gears that are in engagement with each other, and N-e is the number of pairs of overrunning clutches, the clips of which are fixedly connected with the corresponding pairs of parallel rockers.

The node for fixing the upper position of the tank contains a spring-loaded latch pivotally mounted on the inner wall of the tank, interacting with the tip of the lever. A float is installed at the other end of the lever and pivotally connected to an arm mounted on a horizontal bar.

The second version of the unit for fixing the upper position of the container contains a spring-loaded ball mounted on the end of the second bracket, interacting with a ball recess in the outer wall of the container.

The second version of the water power plant includes racks, water supply, first and second shafts, first and second gears, rocker and generator. At the same time, the installation is equipped with a multiplier connected to the generator, the first and second rocker arms and the first and second tanks pivotally connected to their ends with nodes for fixing the upper position and exhaust valves, interacting with the water supply valve in the upper position and the stop, which drains the water in the lower position. At the same time, the corresponding ratchet wheels are fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts, interacting with spring-loaded dogs mounted on the rocker arms, and gears in engagement with each other.

In the second version of the installation, the first and second containers are connected through two pairs of swivel joints mounted on diametrically opposite sides on the outer wall of the corresponding container with two pairs of parallel rockers interacting via spring-loaded dogs with two pairs of ratchet wheels fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts.

Figure 1 presents an end view (View A of figure 2) of a water power plant, where:

1 - vertical racks;

2, 3 - the first and second horizontal shafts;

4, 5 - the first and second rocker arms;

6, 7 - the first and second containers;

8 - hinges;

9, 10 - the first and second overrunning clutches;

11, 12 - the first and second gears;

13 - exhaust valve;

14 - a cap with a rubber gasket;

15 - disk;

16 - a core;

17 - a cylindrical spring;

18 - valve;

19 - lever;

20 - a tension spring;

21 - an arm;

22 - clamp lever;

23 - a float;

24 - a clamp;

25 - a spring of a clamp;

26 - horizontal bar;

27 - water supply;

28 - a hose;

29 - emphasis;

30 - trough.

Figure 2 presents a side view of a water power plant, where:

positions 1-27 are the same as in figure 1;

31 - the second pair of containers;

32 - multiplier;

33 - flywheel;

34 - generator;

35 - stand;

36 - backup.

Figure 3 presents the design of the second embodiment of the motion conversion, where:

positions 2-5 are the same as in figure 1;

37, 38 - the first and second ratchet wheels;

39, 40 - the first and second spring-loaded dogs.

Figure 4 presents the design of the second variant of the node fixing the upper position of the tank, where:

positions 3-13 are the same as in figure 1;

41, 42 - lateral parallel double rocker arms;

43, 44 - lower and upper side hinges;

45 - ball deepening;

46 - ball;

47 - compression spring;

48 - a cap;

49 - the second bracket.

The principle of operation of the water power plant (wind turbine), the design of which is presented in figure 1 and figure 2, is as follows.

A wind turbine is installed below the water level so that the containers are filled by gravity. Vertical posts 1 are installed motionless. The first 2 and second 3 horizontal shafts are pivotally connected to the uprights with the possibility of free rotation. The distance between the shafts is determined by the diameter of the pitch circle of the gears 11 and 12. The hubs of the first 9 and second 10 overrunning clutches are fixed motionless on the respective horizontal shafts. The clips of these couplings are motionlessly connected with the corresponding rocker arms 4, 5, the rocker arms are parallel to each other and mounted with the possibility of swinging relative to the horizontal shafts. When rocking the rocker arms, the clips of the first and second overrunning clutches enter the clutch with the respective hubs in turn. The ends of the first and second parallel rocker arms 4, 5 by means of hinges 8 are connected to the first 6 and second 7 containers. If the arms of the parallel rocker arms are equal, when they swing, the tanks maintain their vertical position, since overrunning clutches enter the clutch with the corresponding hubs in turn. This leads to the fact that when lowering the second tank 7, the leading shaft becomes the first shaft 2, and when lowering the first tank - the second shaft 3.

On the horizontal shafts 2, 3, the first 11 and second 12 gears are fixedly mounted, which are in engagement with each other. Regardless of which of the shafts is leading at a given moment in time, they keep their rotation direction constant. The first (lower) shaft 2 rotates clockwise, and the second (upper) shaft 3 - counterclockwise (see figure 1).

At large distances between two parallel shafts, a chain link can be used to kinematically communicate between them instead of the first and second gears. For this purpose, stars of the same size are fixedly mounted on the first 2 and second 3 shafts. Stars are connected to each other by a chain, which forms the shape of a figure eight (8). With such a chain connection between the shafts, they rotate in mutually opposite directions, as with the kinematic connection carried out using gears 11 and 12.

To rock the rocker, the potential energy of the water is used, which by gravity fills the first 6, then the second 7 tanks in turn.

For a more uniform rotation of the output shaft 3 and increase power on the output shaft on the shafts 2, 3 can be set N-th number of pairs of the same mechanisms shown in figure 1. In this case, the gears 11, 12 kinematically connecting the first and second shafts to each other, it is necessary to count on the total power. They are common to all parallel mechanisms.

In this case, the periods of filling tanks in parallel mechanisms should be shifted in time. The phase shift of the periodically swinging mechanisms is 180 ° / N.

Tanks 6, 7 have a cylindrical shape, open from the upper end. An exhaust valve 13 is installed at the bottom of the cylindrical container body. The exhaust valve opens and closes the outlet in the bottom of the container. The valve consists of a plug with a rubber gasket 14. The plug is connected to the disk 15 using a rod 16. A coil spring 17 is installed between the container body and the disk 15. The spring provides the necessary force to press the plug with the rubber gasket to the bottom of the cylinder, i.e. its tightness.

When the full capacity goes into the lower position, the disk 15 interacts with the stop 29 and lifts the spring-loaded plug 14 up. Water is drained from the tank into the chute 30. The stop 29 is installed in the middle of the chute and maintains the open position of the exhaust valve 13 until the tank, which is currently in the upper position, is completely filled.

The upper position of the empty container 7 remains stationary until it is completely filled with water using the latch 24, which interacts with the float 23. The latch 24 is pivotally mounted on the inner wall of the container body and is spring-loaded. Spring 25 squeezes the flat retainer from the tank body at an angle of ~ 30-45 °. When lifting the tank, the spring-loaded latch interacts with the bent tip of the lever 22. The lever with the float is pivotally attached to the bracket 21 connected to the horizontal bar 26. Under the weight of the float 23, the lever 22 is in the lowered position.

When lifting the container, the tip of the lever presses the latch to the tank body, and then abuts against the end of the latch. This ensures a fixed upper position of the tank. As the tank is filled with water, the float 23 rises. At a certain water level, the lever tip disengages from the latch 24 and the full capacity drops down. By this time, the lower tank 6 should be empty.

Empty container 6 rises. The tension spring 20 provides a closed position of the valve 18 in the neutral position. When lifting, the container body interacts with the spring-loaded lever of valve 18. The valve opens, and the process of filling the container with water begins. In this case, the latch provides a fixed position of the tank until it is full. Then the float brings the tip of the lever 22 out of the clutch with the latch.

The full capacity 6 is lowered and rotates the upper shaft. To supply water to the valves 18, a water supply 27 is used, connected to a hose 28. The horizontal bar 26, mounted on the posts 1, is used to install the water supply at the required level.

Figure 2 presents a side view of a water power plant with two pairs of tanks. The work of the second pair of tank 31 is phase shifted relative to the work of the first pair 6, 7 by 90 °. The capacities of the second pair are at the same level and overlap each other (see Fig. 8).

The output shaft 3 is connected to the multiplier 32. The multiplier serves to increase the rotation speed of the output shaft 3 to the nominal rotation speed of the generator 34. To increase the synchronism of rotation of the generator, a massive flywheel 33 is installed on its shaft connected to the multiplier.

The generator, on the shaft of which a flywheel is mounted, can be connected for decoupling through an overrunning clutch. The freewheel ferrule must be connected to the output shaft of the multiplier, and the hub to the generator shaft.

The multiplier 33 and the generator 34 are mounted on a horizontal stand 35. One end of the stand is connected to the rack 1, the second to the backup 36.

Figure 3 presents the design of the second variant of the conversion movement, where instead of overrunning clutches are used ratchet wheels. The first 4 and second 5 rocker arms are pivotally mounted on the respective shafts 2 and 3 with the possibility of free oscillation. The first 37 and second 38 ratchet wheels are fixedly mounted on the respective shafts 2 and 3.

The rocker arms, as in the first embodiment, are parallel to each other, have the same dimensions, and corresponding capacities are articulated at the ends of them.

To convert the energy of the vibrational movement of the rocker arms into the rotational movement of the shafts, spring-loaded dogs 39 and 40 are used. When lowering the second tank 7 downward, the first dog 39 enters the clutch with the ratchet wheel 37 and rotates the first shaft 2 clockwise. When lowering the first container 6, the corresponding dog 40 enters the clutch with the second ratchet wheel 38. The second shaft, which rotates counterclockwise, becomes leading. Since the first and second shafts are kinematically connected by gears 11, 12, the direction of rotation of the shafts is maintained regardless of the direction of vibrational movement of the rocker arm relative to the shafts.

Figure 4 shows the construction of the second variant of the unit for fixing the upper position of the tank 7. In contrast to the first variant, two pairs of parallel rocker arms 42 and 43 are used to install one pair of tanks 6 and 7. Each pair consists of two parallel rocker arms pivotally connected to the respective tanks from diametrically opposite sides. The distance between the side hinges 43, 44 is equal to the distance between the shafts 2 and 3, i.e. the diameter of the pitch circle of the gears 11 (12).

Both pairs of rocker arms are pivotally connected to the respective shafts 2 and 3. To transmit more power, ratchet wheels can be installed in all four nodes of the articulation of the rocker arm with shafts. Spring-loaded dogs 39 and 40 can also be mounted on each beam from two sides of the corresponding ratchet wheel 37, 38.

Parallel connections of four rocker arms for installing one pair of tanks using lateral swivel joints 43, 44 can be used in the first version of the design of wind turbines using four overrunning clutches.

The second version of the node for fixing the upper position of the container contains a spherical recess 45 on the side surface in the container body. A spring-loaded ball 46 enters this recess. The pressing force of the spring 47 is selected so as to keep the container in the upper position until it is full.

The cap 48 with a spring 47 and a ball 46 is attached to an arm 49 connected to the horizontal bar 26. The hemispherical hole in the arm has a diameter smaller than the diameter of the ball. A spring-loaded ball protrudes beyond the surface of the bracket by an amount less than the radius of the ball. As a result of the interaction of the ball with the container body, after raising it to a predetermined level, the ball enters the recess 45 and holds the container in this position.

As in the first embodiment, the spring-loaded lever 19 opens the valve 18 and the tank is filled with water. After the container is completely filled under its weight, the ball 46 leaves the recess in the housing 45 and the container drops down. In this case, the affected second container rises up to the level until the position fixation unit is activated.

Thus parallelized rocker arms perform periodic oscillatory movements around the respective shafts 2, 3 and bring them into rotation. Otherwise, the principle of operation of the second variant of the wind turbine completely coincides with the principle of operation of the first variant, presented in figure 1 and figure 2.

The proposed energy device can be used as an autonomous source of electrical and mechanical energy where there is no central energy supply.

Claims (5)

1. A water power plant comprising racks, water supply, first and second shafts, first and second gears, a rocker and a generator, characterized in that the installation is equipped with a multiplier connected to the generator and pairs of parallel rockers articulated with their ends first and second tanks , each of which contains a fixation unit for the upper position and an exhaust valve, while in the upper position the containers are made interacting with the fixation unit and through a lever with a water supply valve, and in the lower position - cut the exhaust valve with a stop providing water drainage, and the shafts are mounted on racks one vertical with the possibility of free rotation, and on each shaft there are gears that are in engagement with each other, and Ne is the number of pairs of overrunning couplings, the clips of which are fixedly connected with the corresponding in pairs of parallel rocker arms. 2. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the unit for fixing the upper position of the tank contains a spring-loaded latch pivotally mounted on the inner wall of the tank, interacting with the tip of the lever, at the other end of which a float is mounted, and pivotally connected to an arm mounted on a horizontal bar . 3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the unit for fixing the upper position of the container contains a spring-loaded ball mounted on the end of the second bracket, interacting with a ball recess in the outer wall of the container. 4. A water power plant containing racks, water supply, first and second shafts, first and second gears, a rocker and a generator, characterized in that the installation is equipped with a multiplier connected to the generator, the first and second rockers and the first and second pivotally connected to their ends containers with fixation units of the upper position and exhaust valves interacting with the water supply valve in the upper position and an emphasis providing water discharge in the lower position, while the first and second shafts are fixedly mounted we have the corresponding ratchet wheels interacting with spring-loaded dogs mounted on the rocker arms, and gears that are in engagement with each other. 5. Installation according to claim 4, characterized in that the first and second containers, through two pairs of swivel joints mounted on diametrically opposite sides on the outer wall of the corresponding container, are connected to two pairs of parallel rockers interacting via spring-loaded dogs with two pairs of ratchet wheels, fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts.

Images