RU2369017C2 - Multiplexing commands with code division in multiplex code division channel - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: communication means.

SUBSTANCE: invention pertains to wireless communication systems. In one of the versions each of the multiple symbol streams is coded by one of the multiple overlaying sequences, overlaid symbols streams are united forming multiplex code divided signal (MCD), MCD signal is thereafter overlaid with the other overlaying sequence for code division multiplexing with one or several auxiliary signals for transmission to the remote station.

EFFECT: improved efficiency of sending alarm to many mobile stations, secured effective use of pass-through capacity of the return communication line, reduced service information direct and return lines.

44 cl, 9 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to wireless communications, and more particularly to a new and improved method and apparatus for code division multiplexing instructions or signals in a code division multiplex channel.

State of the art

Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various types of communications, such as voice or data. These systems may be based on code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), or some other multiple access technique. CDMA systems provide certain advantages over other types of systems, including increased system throughput.

A CDMA system can be designed to support one or more standards, for example: (1) “TIA / EIA-95-B standard for the compatibility of a mobile station and a base station for a dual-mode wideband cellular system with a spread spectrum” (IS-95 standard), (2 ) the standard proposed by the consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project” (3GPP) and embodied in the aggregate of documents, including documents No. 3G TS 25.211, 3G TS 25.212, 3G TS 25.213 and 3G TS 25.214 (ShMDKR standard ), (3) a standard proposed by a consortium named “3rd Generation Partnership Project 2” “(3GPP2), and embodied in the“ Physical Level TR45.5 Standard for Spread Spectrum cmda2000 Systems ”(IS-2000 Standard), and (4) some other standards.

In the aforementioned standards, the available spectrum is shared simultaneously by several users, and in order to maintain sufficient quality to provide delay-sensitive services, such as speech, methods such as power control and soft handoff are used. Data services are also available. Recently, systems have been proposed that increase the throughput for data services by using higher order modulation, very fast carrier-to-interference (C / I) feedback from the mobile station, very fast scheduling and scheduling for services that have less stringent latency requirements. An example of such a communication system for transmitting data only using these methods is a high data rate (IRR) system that meets the TIA / EIA / IS-856 standard (IS-856 standard).

Compared to other standards mentioned above, the IS-856 system uses the entire spectrum available in each cell to transmit data to a single user at a time, selected based on the quality of the communication line. At the same time, the system spends a large fraction of the time sending data at higher speeds when the channel is good, and thereby avoids the introduction of resources to maintain transmission at inefficient speeds. The result is higher throughput, higher peak data rates and higher average performance.

Systems may include support for delay-sensitive data, such as voice channels or data channels supported by the IS-2000 standard, together with support for packet data services, such as those described in the IS-856 standard. One such system is described in a proposal submitted by LG Electronics, LSI Logic, Lucent Technologies, Nortel Networks, QUALCOMM Incorporated, and Samsung to 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2). This proposal is detailed in the documents entitled: “Updated Joint Physical Layer Proposal for 1xEV-DV” filed by 3GPP2 on June 11, 2001 as document No. C50-20010611-009; "The results of the study of L3NQS modeling", filed in 3GPP2 on August 20, 2000 as document No. C50-20010820-011; and “System simulation results for the L3NQS framework proposal for cdma2000 1xEV-DV”, filed by 3GPP2 on August 20, 2001 as document No. C50-20010820-012. These and related documents developed after them, such as IS-2000 Revision C, including C.S0001.C - C.S0006.C, are referred to here as the 1xEV-DV proposal.

In order to coordinate the use of the forward and reverse links in an efficient manner, a system proposed by 1xEV-DV, for example, may need to direct feedback from a base station to several supported mobile stations. For such feedback, transmission on one or more control channels is common. In a CDMA system, such control channels can be multiplexed with another channel and / or data channels using code division multiplexing (CDM). In order to reach multiple mobile stations, the control channel is traditionally used with time sharing for transmission to each of the mobile stations. Thus, the control channel can be multiplexed using time division multiplexing (TDM) to include signals or commands for multiple mobile stations. The resulting MBP control channel can then be transmitted along with other channels — whether it be control, voice, or data channels — using MCR. One example of such an MBP on an FIBC channel is the power control channel in cdma2000.

As is well known in the design of wireless systems, when a channel can be transmitted with less power with the same reliability, system throughput can be improved. Thus, there is a need in the art for more efficient control channels. Further, the MVR on the MKR channel may have requirements for peak power, which are inefficient or even unattainable for given design parameters of the system. Therefore, in technology there is a need for control channels that can reach many mobile stations, thereby ensuring the efficient use of shared communication resources while meeting design limits for peak power, as well as reducing the amount of bandwidth allocated to such a channel.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The embodiments disclosed herein address the need for efficient signaling to multiple mobile stations. In one embodiment, each of the plurality of symbol streams is encoded by one of the plurality of covering sequences, the coated symbol streams are combined to form a code division multiplexed signal (FIBC), and this FIBC signal is further coated with another one or more code division multiplexed covering sequence additional signals for transmission to a remote station. In another embodiment, a plurality of FIBC signals are formed from covered symbol streams, and this plurality of FIBC signals are time division multiplexed (TDM) before being further coated. In other embodiments, disclosure and demultiplexing are performed to recover one or more symbol streams. Various other objects are also presented. These facilities have the advantage of ensuring efficient use of reverse link bandwidth, from adapting to various requirements, such as low latency, high performance or different quality of service, and from reducing overhead costs of the forward and reverse links to provide these advantages, thereby avoiding excessive interference and increasing throughput.

The invention provides methods and system elements that implement various objects, embodiments, and features of the invention, as described in detail below.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The features, nature and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description set forth below, when read in conjunction with the drawings, in which like reference numerals define the same elements throughout.

1 is a general block diagram of a wireless communication system capable of supporting multiple users.

Figure 2 shows exemplary mobile station and base station, made in a system configured to transmit data.

3 is a block diagram of a wireless communication device, such as a mobile station or base station.

4 shows an exemplary embodiment of data and control signals for transmission on the reverse link.

5 shows an existing embodiment of a portion of a transmitter of a command stream.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of an MCR at the MCR encoder for receiving a plurality of input sequences, combining them using code division multiplexing, and transmitting the combined signal along with other MCR signals to one or more mobile stations.

Figa and Figv show an embodiment combining the methods of MCR and MBP in the MCR signal.

Fig. 8 shows an embodiment using a combination repetition.

Detailed description

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a wireless communication system 100 that can be constructed to support one or more CDMA standards and / or designs (eg, CDMA standard, IS-95 standard, cdma2000 standard, VSD specification, 1xEV-DV proposal). In an alternative embodiment, system 100 may further support any wireless standard or design other than a CDMA system. In an exemplary embodiment, system 100 is a 1xEV-DE system.

For simplicity, it has been shown that system 100 includes three base stations 104 communicating with two mobile stations 106. The base station and its coverage area are often collectively referred to as a “cell”. In IS-95, cdma2000, or 1xEV-DV systems, for example, a cell may include one or more sectors. With the specification of the CDMA, each sector of the base station and the coverage area of the sector is called a cell. Here, the expression “base station” can be used interchangeably with the expressions “access point” or “node B”. The expression “mobile station” can be used interchangeably with the expressions “user equipment” (UE), “subscriber unit”, “subscriber station”, “access terminal”, “remote terminal”, or other relevant expressions known in the art. The term “mobile station” also covers fixed wireless applications.

Depending on how the CDMA system is implemented, each mobile station 106 may communicate with one or possibly several base stations 104 on the forward link at any given time and may communicate with one or more base stations on the reverse link in depending on whether this mobile station is in soft handoff mode. A “forward link” (ie, a “downlink”) refers to transmission from a base station to a mobile station, and a “reverse link” (ie, an “uplink”) refers to transmission from a mobile station to base station.

Although the various embodiments described herein are aimed at providing reverse link or forward link signals to support reverse link transmission, and some of them may be well adapted to the nature of reverse link transmission, those skilled in the art will understand that mobile stations as well as base stations can be configured to transmit data, as described here, and that the objects of the present invention are also applicable in these situations. The word "exemplary" is used here exclusively to mean "serving as an example, case, for illustration." Any embodiment described herein as “exemplary” should not necessarily be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments.

Forward Link Data Transfer and Reverse Link Power Control in 1xEV-DV

System 100, for example, one of the 1xEV-DV described in the proposal, generally contains four classes of forward link channels: non-performing channels, dynamically changing IS-95 and IS-2000 channels, forward packet data channel (RRC) (F-PDCH) and some spare channels. Assignments of unproductive channels change very slowly; they can remain unchanged for months. Typically, they change when changes to the main network configuration occur. Dynamically changing IS-95 and IS-2000 channels are allocated on call or used for IS-95 or IS-2000 0-B packet services. As a rule, the available power of the base station, remaining after the already assigned unproductive channels and dynamically changing channels, is allocated for the ramjet for other data services. RDCs can be used for data services that are less sensitive to delay, while IS-2000 channels are used for more sensitive to delay services.

SCRD, similar to the traffic channel in the IS-2000 standard, is used to send data at the highest supported data rate to one user in each cell at a time. In IS-856, all the power of the base station and the entire space of Walsh functions are available when transmitting data to the mobile station. However, in the proposed 1xEV-DV system, some power of the base station and some of the Walsh functions are allocated to unproductive channels and existing IS-95 and cdma2000 services. The supported data rate depends primarily on the available power and Walsh codes after the power and Walsh codes are assigned to the unproductive channels, IS-95 and cdma2000. Data transmitted through the ramjet data is expanded using one or more Walsh codes.

In the 1xEV-DV proposal, the base station generally transmits to the mobile station via the RCCB at a time, although there may be many users in the cell using packet services. (It is also possible to transmit to two or more users by scheduling transmissions for two or more users and allocating power and (or) Walsh channels to each user, respectively.) Mobile stations are selected for transmission in a straight line based on some scheduling algorithm.

In a system similar to IS-856 or 1xEV-DV, scheduling is based in part on channel quality feedback from the served mobile station. For example, in IS-856, mobile stations evaluate the quality of the forward link and calculate the transmission rate, which is assumed to be constant for existing conditions. The desired speed from each mobile station is transmitted to the base station. The scheduling algorithm may, for example, select for transmission a mobile station that supports a relatively high transmission rate in order to make the use of a shared communication channel more efficient. As another example, in a 1xEV-DV system, each mobile station transmits an estimate of the carrier to interference ratio (N / A) as an estimate of the channel quality on the reverse channel of a channel quality indicator or R-CQICH. The scheduling algorithm is used to determine the mobile station selected for transmission, as well as the appropriate transmission speed and format in accordance with the channel quality.

As described above, the wireless communication system 100 can support many users who simultaneously use the communication resource, like the IS-95 system, can allocate the entire communication resource to one user at a time, like the IS-856 system, or can split the communication resource so that provide both types of access. The 1xEV-DV system is an example of a system that shares a communication resource between both types of access and dynamically allocates parts according to a user requirement. The following is a brief overview of how a communication resource can be allocated to satisfy different users in both types of access systems. Power control is described for simultaneous access by many users, as in channels of the IS-95 type. Speed determination and scheduling are discussed for time sharing access by many users, as in the IS-856 system, or only part of the data, as in a 1xEV-DV type system (i.e. RAC).

The throughput in a system such as the IS-95 CDMA system is partly determined by the interference generated by the transmission of signals to and from different users in the system. A feature of a typical CDMA system is the coding of the modulation signals for transmission to and from the mobile station so that the signals look like interference to other mobile stations. For example, on a straight line, the quality of the channel between the base station and one mobile station is partially determined by interference from other users. In order to maintain the desired level of performance in communication with a mobile station, the transmit power allocated to this mobile station must be sufficient to overcome the power transmitted to other mobile stations served by this base station, as well as disturbances and parameter degradation appearing in this channel. Thus, to increase throughput, it is desirable to transmit the minimum power required for each served mobile station.

In a conventional CDMA system, when a plurality of mobile stations are transmitted to a base station, it is desirable to receive a plurality of mobile station signals at the base station at a normalized power level. Thus, for example, the reverse link power control system can adjust the transmit power from each mobile station so that the signals from nearby mobile stations will not overlap the signals from more distant mobile stations. As for the straight line, keeping the transmit power of each mobile station at the minimum level of power required to maintain the desired performance allows you to optimize bandwidth in addition to other benefits from power savings, such as increased talk and backup times, reduced battery requirements and etc.

The throughput in a typical CDMA system such as IS-95 is limited, inter alia, by interference from other users. Interference from other users can be reduced by using power control. The overall performance of the system, including throughput, speech quality, data rates and performance, depends on the stations transmitting at the lowest power level to maintain the desired performance level when possible. To achieve this, various techniques for controlling power are known in the art.

One class of methods includes closed loop power control. For example, closed loop power control can be applied on a forward link. Such systems may use internal and external power control loops in a mobile station. The external circuit determines the target received power level according to the desired received error rate. For example, a target frame error rate of 1% can be predetermined as a desired error rate. The outer loop can update the target received power level at a relatively slow speed, for example, once per frame or block. In response to this, the inner loop then sends up or down messages in the power control to the base station until the received power is equal to the target. These internal loop power control commands appear relatively frequently to quickly adapt the transmitted power to the level necessary to achieve the desired ratio of the received signal to noise and interference for efficient communication. As described above, keeping the forward link power for each mobile station at the lowest level reduces the interference from other users visible at each mobile station and allows you to reserve the remaining available transmit power for other purposes. In a system such as IS-95, the remaining available transmit power can be used to communicate with additional users. In a system such as 1xEV-DV, the remaining available transmit power can be used to support additional users or to increase the performance of a part of the transmission of system data only.

In a data-only transmission system, such as IS-856, or in a data-only transmission part of a system such as 1xEV-DV, a control loop can be used to control transmission from a base station to a mobile station using time division. For clarity, the following discussion describes the transmission to one mobile station at a time. This is done to distinguish from a simultaneous access system, an example of which is IS-95, or from various channels in cdma2000, or from a 1xEV-DV system. Two points are needed at this point.

First, the expression “data only” or “data channel” can be used to distinguish a channel from IS-95 channels such as voice or data (ie, simultaneous access channels using power control, as described above). It will be obvious to those skilled in the art that the data-only or data-transmission channels described here can be used to transmit any kind of data, including speech (for example, voice over Internet protocol or RPM (VOID)). The suitability of any particular embodiment for a particular data type may be determined in part by performance requirements, latency requirements, etc .; the specialists immediately adapt the various embodiments, combining any type of access with the parameters selected to provide the desired levels of delay, performance, quality of service, etc.

Secondly, the part of transmitting only data in a system such as described for 1xEV-DV, which is described as time sharing of a communication resource, can be adapted to provide access on a direct communication line to more than one user at a time. In the examples given here, where the communication resource is described as being time-shared to allow communication with one mobile station or user for some period, specialists will immediately adapt these examples to provide a time-shared transmission to more than one mobile station or user, or from more than one mobile station, or user in the same time period.

A typical data transmission system may include one or more channels of different types. More specifically, one or more data channels are typically used. It is also common to apply one or more control channels, although an in-channel control signaling may be included in the data channel. For example, in a 1xEV-DV system, a direct packet data control channel (PCCH) (F-PDCCH) and a direct packet data channel (PCRD) (F-PDCH) for transmitting control and data, respectively, are determined on a straight line.

2 depicts exemplary mobile station 106 and base station 104 in a system 100 adapted for transmitting data. Base station 104 and mobile station 106 are shown communicating on the forward and reverse links. The mobile station 106 receives forward link signals at the receiving subsystem 220. The base station 104 transmitting the direct data and control channels detailed below can be referred to here as the serving station for the mobile station 106. An exemplary receiving subsystem is discussed in detail below with respect to FIG. Carrier to interference (N / A) estimation is performed for a forward link signal received at mobile station 106 from a serving base station. The N / A measurement is an example of a channel quality metric used as a channel estimate, and alternative channel quality metrics can be used in alternative embodiments. An N / A measurement is supplied to transmitting subsystem 210 at base station 104, an example of which is discussed in detail below with respect to FIG. 3.

Transmission subsystem 210 provides an N / A estimate on the reverse link when it is delivered to a serving base station. Note that in a soft handoff situation well known in the art, reverse link signals transmitted from a mobile station may be received by one or more base stations other than the serving base station, referred to herein as non-serving base stations. Receiving subsystem 220 at base station 104 receives N / A information from mobile station 106.

A scheduler 240 at base station 104 is used to determine how data should be transmitted to one or more mobile stations in the coverage area of the serving cell. Any type of scheduling algorithm may be used within the scope of the present invention. One example is disclosed in US Patent Application No. 08 / 798.951, entitled “Method and Device for Planning the Speed of a Direct Link,” filed February 11, 1997, which is owned by the applicant of the present invention and which is incorporated herein by reference.

In an exemplary embodiment, a 1xEV-DV mobile station is selected for transmission on a forward link when an N / A measurement received from this mobile station indicates that data can be transmitted at a specific speed. From the point of view of bandwidth, it is advantageous to select the target mobile station so that the shared communication resource is always used at its maximum supported speed. Thus, the selected typical target mobile station may have the highest reported N / A ratio. Other factors may be embedded in the planning decision. For example, guarantees for a minimum quality of service can be made for various users. It may be that a mobile station with a relatively low reported N / A is selected for transmission in order to maintain a minimum data transfer rate for this user.

In an exemplary 1xEV-DV system, scheduler 240 determines which mobile station to transmit to, as well as the data rate, modulation format, and power level for transmission. In an alternative embodiment, such as an IS-856 system, for example, a decision on the supported baud rate / modulation format may be made at the mobile station based on the channel quality measured at the mobile station, and the transmission format may be transmitted to the serving base station instead of measuring N / A. Those skilled in the art will immediately recognize the many combinations of supported baud rates, modulation formats, power levels, and the like, which can be used within the scope of the present invention. Further, although in the various embodiments described herein, scheduling tasks are performed in a base station, in alternative embodiments, some or all of the scheduling processes may occur in a mobile station.

Scheduler 240 directs the transmission subsystem 210 to transmit to the selected mobile station in a straight line using the selected transmission rate, modulation format, power level, and the like.

In an exemplary embodiment, messages on a control channel or PACS are transmitted along with data on a data channel or PACS. The control channel can be used to identify the mobile station receiving data on the ramp, as well as to identify the remaining communication parameters that are useful during the communication session. The mobile station should receive and demodulate data from the RRCS when the PDCCH indicates that the mobile station is the target for this transmission. After receiving such data, the mobile station responds on the return line with a message indicating the success or failure of this transmission. Data transmission systems typically employ retransmission techniques well known in the art.

A mobile station can communicate with more than one base station, and this condition is known as soft handoff. Soft handoff includes many sectors from one base station (or one basic receive-transmit subsystem (BTS)), known as softer handoff, as well as sectors from many BSPs. In a system with simultaneous sharing of a communication resource, such as IS-95, IS-2000, or in the corresponding part of the 1xEV-DV system, the mobile station can combine forward link signals transmitted from all sectors into an active set. In a data-only system, such as IS-856, or in the corresponding part of the 1xEV-DV system, the mobile station receives in one active set a forward link data signal from one base station serving the base station (determined according to a mobile station selection algorithm such as described in C.S0002.C). Other forward link signals, examples of which are discussed in detail below, may also be received from non-serving base stations.

Reverse link signals from a mobile station may be received at a plurality of base stations, and reverse link quality is generally maintained for base stations in an active set. Reverse link signals received at a plurality of base stations may be combined. In general, soft combining of reverse link signals from base stations not located together would require a significant bandwidth in network communication with a very low delay, and therefore the above example systems do not support it. In a softer handoff, reverse link signals received in multiple mobile sectors in a single BSPP can be combined without network signaling. Although any type of combining reverse link signals can be used within the scope of the present invention, in the example systems described above, reverse link power control maintains quality so that reverse link frames are successfully decoded in a single BSP (switching diversity).

In a system of a simultaneously used communication resource, such as IS-95, IS-2000, or in the corresponding part of the 1xEV-DV system, each base station in the soft handoff mode with a mobile station (i.e. in the active set of a mobile station) measures the quality of the pilot the reverse link signal of this mobile station and sends a stream of power control commands. In IS-95, or as revised in IS-2000, each stream is thinned onto a direct primary channel (POC) (F-FCH) or a direct dedicated control channel (PLC) (F-DCCH), if any are assigned. The command flow for the mobile station is called the direct power control sub-channel (FCCC) (F-PCSCH) for this mobile station. The mobile station receives parallel flows of commands from all its active set members for each base station (many sectors from one BSPP, if everyone in the active set of this mobile station sends the same command to this mobile station) and determines whether the “raise” command was sent "Or" lower. " The mobile station accordingly changes the transmit power level of the reverse link using the “any of down” rule, i.e. the transmit power level decreases if any “down” command is received, and increases otherwise.

The level of transmitted power PPKUM, as a rule, is associated with the level of the main POC or PKU, which carries the subchannel. The transmit power level of the main POC or PACCH at the base station is determined by feedback from the mobile station on the reverse power control sub-channel (SCUM) (R-PCSCH), which occupies the last quarter of the reverse pilot channel (RPC) (R-PICH). Since the POC or PACS from each base station forms a single stream of channel traffic frames, the SCUM reports the combined decoding results of these branches. Erasures of the SOC or PVCH determine the required setting point Eb / Nt of the external circuit, which in turn controls the commands of the internal circuit on the SCUM, and thereby the transmission levels of the base station for the POC, PVCCH, as well as SCUM on them.

Due to the potential difference in the losses of the return link path to each base station from a single mobile station during soft handoff, some of the base stations in the active set may not receive the SCUM reliably and may not properly control the forward link power for the QAP, PSTN, and SCUM. It may be necessary for the base station to reconcile transmission levels with each other so that the mobile station retains the diversity advantage in soft handoff. Otherwise, the branches of the straight line may carry little energy from the traffic signal or not carry it at all due to errors in feedback from the mobile station.

Since different base stations may need different transmitted power of the mobile station for the same installation point or the quality of the reverse link reception, the power control commands from different base stations can be different and cannot be softly combined into an MS. When new members are added to the active set (i.e., from no soft handoff to a single-path transfer, or from a single-path to a two-way transfer, etc.), the transmitted power of the SCUM increases with respect to its main QAP or PVC. This may be due to the fact that the latter has both greater spatial diversity (requires a lower overall Eb / Nt ratio) and load sharing (less energy per branch), while the former has nothing.

In contrast, in a 1xEV-DV system, a forward common power control channel (POCCH) (F-CPCCH) transmits reverse link power control commands to mobile stations without a direct main channel (POCC) or a direct dedicated control channel (PLCC). In earlier versions of the 1xEV-DV proposal, it was assumed that the transmit power level of the base station for the QCCH is determined by the reverse channel channel quality indicator (CQICH) received from the mobile station. The OCCAC can be used in planning to determine the appropriate format and forward link bit rate in response to channel quality measurements.

However, when the mobile station is in soft handoff, the CCCHC only reports the quality of the forward link pilot channel for the sector of the serving base station and therefore cannot be used to directly control the power of the CCCHC from non-serving base stations. Methods for this are disclosed in US Patent Application No. 60 / 356.929, entitled “Method and apparatus for controlling forward link power during soft handoff in a communication system”, filed February 12, 2002, the rights of which belong to the applicant of the present invention and which included here by reference.

Exemplary Embodiments of a Base Station and a Mobile Station

Figure 3 is a block diagram of a wireless communication device, such as a mobile station 106 or a base station 104. The blocks shown in this exemplary embodiment will generally be a subset of the components included in either the base station 104 or the mobile station 106. Specialists the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 will immediately be adapted for use in configurations with any number of base stations or mobile stations.

Signals are received by antenna 310 and supplied to receiver 320. Receiver 320 performs processing according to one or more wireless system standards, such as those listed above. Receiver 320 performs a variety of processing, for example, converting a radio frequency into a main frequency band, amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, filtering, and the like. Various techniques are known in the art for reception. A receiver 320 can be used to measure channel quality on the forward or reverse link when the device is, respectively, a mobile station or base station, although a separate channel quality estimation unit 335 is shown for clarity of discussion, detailed below.

Signals from receiver 320 are demodulated in demodulator 325 according to one or more communication standards. In an exemplary embodiment, a demodulator capable of demodulating 1xEV-DV signals is used. In alternative embodiments, alternative standards may be supported, and embodiments may support a variety of communication formats. The demodulator 325 can perform multi-tap ("comb") (rake) reception, correction, combining, deinterleaving, decoding, and various other functions, as required by the format of the received signals. Various demodulation techniques are known in the art. At base station 104, demodulator 325 will demodulate according to the reverse link. At mobile station 106, demodulator 325 will demodulate in a straight line. Both the data channel and the control channel described here are examples of channels that can be received and demodulated at the receiver 320 and demodulator 325. The direct data channel will be demodulated in accordance with the signaling on the control channel, as described above. In the various exemplary embodiments described below, the demodulator 325 may include one or more constriction blocks for decoding MCR signals that are covered by a spanning sequence. Demodulator 325 may also include demultiplexers for demultiplexing the MBP signals.

Message decoder 330 receives demodulated data and extracts signals or messages directed to mobile station 106 or to base station 104 on the forward or reverse links, respectively. Message decoder 330 decodes various messages used to set up, store, and end a call (including voice or data sessions) in the system. Messages can include channel quality indicators, such as N / A measurements, power control messages, or control channel messages used to demodulate the forward data channel. Various other types of messages are known in the art and may be specified in various supported communication standards. These messages are provided to processor 350 for use in subsequent processing. Some or all of the functions of the message decoder 330 may be performed on the processor 350, although a discrete block is shown for clarity of discussion. Alternatively, demodulator 325 may decode some information and send it directly to processor 350 (examples are a single-bit message such as ACK / NAK or a power up / down command). An exemplary command signal, forward common acknowledgment channel (FCR) (F-CACKCH) is used below to describe various embodiments.

A channel quality estimator 335 is coupled to a receiver 320 and used to perform various power level estimates for use in the procedures described herein, as well as for use in various other processing used in communications, such as demodulation. Mobile station 106 may measure N / A. In addition, in block 335 of the channel quality assessment in this embodiment, measurements can be made of any signals or channels used in the system. As described more fully below, another example is power control channels. At base station 104 or mobile station 106, signal strength estimates, such as received pilot channel power, may be performed. Channel quality assessment unit 335 is shown as a discrete unit for clarity of discussion only. It is generally accepted that such a unit is embedded in another unit, such as a receiver 320 or a demodulator 325. It is possible to perform various types of signal power estimates depending on which signal or which type of system is being evaluated. In general, any type of channel quality metric rating may be used in place of a channel quality rating unit 335 within the scope of the present invention. At base station 104, channel quality estimates are provided to processor 350 for use in scheduling or determining reverse link quality, as described below. Channel quality estimates can be used to determine if commands need to increase power or lower power to bring the power of either the forward or reverse link to the desired installation point. This desired setting point may be determined by an external power control mechanism as described above.

Signals are transmitted via antenna 310. Transmitted signals are formatted at transmitter 370 according to one or more wireless system standards, such as those listed above. Examples of components that can be included in the transmitter 370 are amplifiers, filters, digital-to-analog converters (DACs), radio frequency converters (RF), etc. Data for transmission is supplied to transmitter 370 by modulator 365. Data and control channels can be formatted for transmission in accordance with a variety of formats. Data for transmission on the forward link data channel may be formatted in modulator 365 according to the speed and modulation format specified by the scheduling algorithm in accordance with N / A or another measurement of channel quality. A scheduler, for example, scheduler 240 described above, may be located in processor 350. Similarly, transmitter 370 may be sent to transmit at a power level in accordance with a scheduling algorithm. Examples of components that can be included in modulator 365 include encoders, interleavers, expanders, and modulators of various types. Coders MKP and MVR are described below in various embodiments. A reverse link design including exemplary modulation formats and access control suitable for use in a 1xDV-EV system is also described below.

A 360 message generator can be used to prepare messages of various kinds, as described here. For example, N / A messages can be generated in a mobile station for transmission on the reverse link. Various types of control messages can be generated either at the base station 104 or at the mobile station 106 for transmission, respectively, on the forward and reverse links, respectively. For example, request messages and permission messages for scheduling the transmission of reverse link data for generation in a mobile station or base station, respectively, are described below.

Data received and demodulated in demodulator 325 may be provided to processor 350 for use in transmitting speech or data, as well as for various other components. Similarly, data for transmission may be sent to modulator 365 and transmitter 370 from processor 350. For example, various data applications may be present in processor 350 or another processor included in wireless communication device 104 or 106 (not shown). Base station 104 may connect via other, not shown equipment to one or more external networks, such as the Internet (not shown). Mobile station 106 may include a communication line to an external device, such as a laptop computer (not shown).

The processor 350 may be a universal microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP) (DSP), or a special purpose processor. The processor 350 may perform some or all of the functions of a receiver 320, a demodulator 325, a message decoder 330, a channel quality estimator 335, a message generator 360, a modulator 365, or a transmitter 370, as well as any other processing required by a wireless device. The processor 350 may be coupled to special-purpose hardware to assist in these tasks (details not shown). Voice and data applications may be external, such as an externally connected laptop computer or network connections, may be run on an additional processor in a wireless device 104 or 106 (not shown), or may be run on the processor 350 itself. The processor 350 is connected to memory 355 , which can be used to store data, as well as commands for performing various procedures and methods described here. Those skilled in the art will immediately realize that memory 355 may consist of one or more memory components of different types, which can be implemented in whole or in part in processor 350.

1xEV-DV reverse link design review

This section describes various factors in the design of an exemplary embodiment of a reverse link in a wireless communication system. In many embodiments, described in more detail in the following sections, signals, parameters, and procedures associated with the 1xEV-DV standard are used. This standard is described for illustrative purposes only. each of the objects described herein and combinations thereof can be applied to any number of communication systems within the scope of the present invention. This section serves as a partial summary of the various objects of the invention, although it is not exhaustive. Exemplary embodiments are disclosed in more detail in the subsequent sections below, which describe additional objects.

In many cases, reverse link bandwidth is limited by interference. Base stations allocate available reverse link communication resources to mobile stations for efficient use in order to maximize performance in accordance with Quality of Service (QoS) requirements for different mobile stations.

Maximizing the use of the reverse link communication resource involves several factors. One factor under consideration is the mixture of planned reverse link transmissions from different mobile stations, each of which may exhibit variable channel quality at a given point in time. To increase overall performance (aggregated data transmitted by all mobile stations in a cell), it is advisable to fully utilize the entire reverse link whenever data is sent on the reverse link. To fill the available bandwidth, mobile stations may be granted access at the highest transmission rate that they can support, and until bandwidth is reached, access may be granted to additional mobile stations. One factor that a base station can consider when deciding which mobile stations to plan is the maximum speed that each mobile station can support and the amount of data that each mobile station should send. A mobile station capable of higher performance can be selected instead of an alternative mobile station whose channel does not support higher performance.

Another factor to consider is the quality of service required by each mobile station. Although it may be permissible to delay access for one mobile station in the hope that the channel will improve, choosing a more acceptable mobile station instead, it may turn out that suboptimal mobile stations may need access permission to meet the minimum quality of service guarantees. Thus, the planned data performance may not be absolutely maximum, but maximized taking into account channel conditions, available transmit power of the mobile station and the requirements of the service. For any configuration, it is desirable to reduce the signal-to-noise ratio for the selected mixture.

Various scheduling mechanisms are described below to enable the mobile station to transmit data on the reverse link. One reverse link transmission class involves a mobile station making a transfer request on the reverse link. The base station determines whether resources are available to satisfy this request. Permission may be made to permit the transfer. This acknowledgment between the mobile station and the base station introduces a delay before the reverse link data can be transmitted. For some reverse link data classes, this delay may be acceptable. Other classes may be delay sensitive, and alternative methods for transmitting the reverse link are described in detail below to eliminate the delay.

In addition, reverse link resources are expanded to make a transfer request, and forward link resources are expanded to respond to this request, i.e. transfer permission. When the channel quality of the mobile station is low, i.e. low geometry or deep fading, the power required on the forward link to reach the mobile station can be relatively high. Various methods are described in detail below to reduce the number or required transmit power of requests and permissions required for transmitting reverse link data.

In order to avoid the delay introduced by the request / grant acknowledgment, as well as to save the forward and reverse link resources required to maintain them, the reverse link offline transmission mode is supported. A mobile station can transmit data at a limited rate on the reverse link without requesting or waiting for permission.

The base station allocates part of the reverse link bandwidth to one or more mobile stations. A mobile station that is allowed access is provided with a maximum power level. In the exemplary embodiments described herein, a reverse link resource is allocated using a traffic to pilot ratio (T / P) (T / P). Since the pilot signal of each mobile station is adaptively controlled through power control, the determination of the T / P ratio indicates the available power for use in transmitting data on the reverse link. A base station can make a specific grant to one or more mobile stations by indicating a T / P value specific to each mobile station. The base station can also give general permission to the remaining mobile stations that have requested access by indicating the maximum T / P value that these other mobile stations are allowed to transmit. Autonomous and planned transmission, as well as individual and general permissions, are described in detail below.

Various scheduling algorithms are known in the art — and more needs to be developed — which can be used to determine various specific and general T / P values for resolutions according to the number of registered mobile stations, the probability of autonomous transmission by mobile stations, the number and size of requests pending, expected average response to permissions and any number of other factors. In one example, the choice is made based on the priority of QoS, efficiency and achievable performance from a set of requesting mobile stations. One exemplary planning method is disclosed in co-filed provisional application for US Patent No. 60 / 439.989, entitled “System and Method for a Time-Scalable Priority-Based Scheduler,” filed January 13, 2003, which is owned by the applicant of the present invention, which is registered Attorney No. PA030159, and which is hereby incorporated by reference. Additional references include US Pat. No. 5,914,950, entitled “Method and apparatus for scheduling a reverse link speed,” and US Pat. No. 5,923,650, also entitled “Method and apparatus for scheduling reverse link speed,” rights to both which belong to the applicant of the present invention and which are incorporated herein by reference.

A mobile station can transmit a data packet using one or more subpackets, where each subpacket contains complete packet information (each subpacket is optionally encoded identically, because different encoding or redundancy can be used for different subpackets). To ensure reliable transmission, retransmission techniques, such as automatic retransmission request (ARQ), can be applied. Thus, if the first subpacket is received without error (for example, using a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) CEC), a positive acknowledgment (ASK) is sent to the mobile station and no additional subpackets will be sent (recall that each subpacket contains a complete packet information, in one form or another). If the first subpacket is not received correctly, then a signal-negative acknowledgment (NACK) is sent to the mobile station, and the second subpacket will be transmitted. The base station can combine the energy of two subpackets and try to decode. This process can be repeated indefinitely, although it is generally accepted to determine the maximum number of subpackages. In the exemplary embodiments described herein, up to four subpackets may be transmitted. Thus, the likelihood of proper reception increases as additional subpackets are received. (Note that the third response from the base station — acknowledgment and continuation — is useful for reducing the request / grant overhead. This option is described in detail below.)

As just described, the mobile station can achieve a trade-off between performance and latency when deciding whether to use autonomous transfer to transmit data with low latency or to request transfer at a higher speed and to expect a general or specific resolution. In addition, for a given T / P, the mobile station may select a data rate to satisfy latency or performance. For example, a mobile station with a relatively small number of bits for transmission may decide that a delay is desired. For an achievable T / P (probably, in this example, autonomous transmission is maximum, but there may also be a specific or general T / P resolution), the mobile station can select the modulation rate and format so that the probability of the correct reception of the first subpacket by the base station is high. Although a retransmission will be available if necessary, it appears that this mobile station will be able to transmit its data bits in one subpacket. In the exemplary embodiments described herein, each subpacket is transmitted within 5 ms. Therefore, in this example, the mobile station can make an immediate autonomous transfer, which, most likely, will be received at the base station after an interval of 5 ms. Note that the mobile station can, alternatively, use the availability of additional subpackets to increase the amount of data transmitted for a given T / P. So, the mobile station can choose an autonomous transfer to reduce the delay associated with requests and permissions, and can additionally bring the performance in accordance with a specific T / P in order to minimize the number of required subpackets (and, consequently, the delay). Even if the total number of subpackets is selected, the autonomous transfer will have a lower delay than the request and resolution for relatively small data transfers. Specialists will understand that as the volume of data to be transmitted requires a lot of packets for transmission, the overall delay can be reduced by switching to a request and permission, since the penalty for request and permission will be compensated, depending on the circumstances, by an increase in the performance of a higher data rate for many packets . This process is described in detail below with an example set of rates and transmission formats that may be associated with destinations at different T / Ps.

Mobile stations at variable locations in the cell and moving at different speeds will create variable channel conditions. Power control is used to maintain reverse link signals. The power of the pilot signal received at the base station may be power controlled so that it is approximately equal from different mobile stations. Then, as described above, the T / P ratio is an indicator of the amount of communication resource used during the transmission of the reverse link. It is desirable to maintain a proper balance between the pilot signal and the traffic for a given transmit power in the mobile station, the transmission speed and the modulation format.

Reverse link data transmission

The reverse link is generally completely different from the forward link. There are several reasons for this. On the forward link, additional power is needed to transmit from a plurality of cells on the reverse link, receiving from a larger number of cells reduces the required amount of transmit power. On the reverse link, there are always many antennas receiving the mobile station. This can mitigate some of the strong fading that often occurs on the forward link.

When the mobile station is located in the boundary region between the plurality of cells, the Ec / Io ratio will vary greatly due to fading of other cells. On the reverse link, the change in interference is not so strong, because any change occurs due to the variation in the sum of the received power of all mobile stations that transmit on the reverse link and which all have power control.

The mobile station is limited in power on the reverse link. Thus, the mobile station may from time to time be unable to transmit at a very high speed depending on the channel conditions.

A mobile station may be unable to receive a forward link from a base station that has received reverse link transmission from a mobile station. As a result, if the mobile station relies on signaling transmission — for example, acknowledgment — from the base station, then the reliability of this signaling may be low.

One goal of designing the return line is to keep the temperature rise (RoT) at the base station relatively constant at all times while the return line data should be transmitted. Transmission on the reverse link data channel occurs in two different modes.

Autonomous transmission. This case is used for traffic requiring low latency. The mobile station is allowed to transmit immediately up to a certain transmission rate determined by the serving base station (i.e., that base station to which the mobile station sends its channel quality indicator (CQI)). A serving base station is also referred to as a scheduling base station or a providing base station. The maximum allowed transmission rate for autonomous transmission can be dynamically signaled by the serving base station based on system load, congestion, etc.

Planned transfer. The mobile station sends estimates of its buffer size, available power, and other parameters. The base station determines when the mobile station is allowed to transmit. The purpose of the scheduler is to limit the number of simultaneous transmissions, thereby reducing interference between mobile stations. The scheduler may try to make mobile stations in the areas between cells transmit at lower speeds to reduce interference to neighboring cells and closely control RoT to protect speech quality on the R-FCH, DV feedback on the OKCHK and acknowledgments (R-ACKCH), and system stability.

Various embodiments described in detail herein contain one or more features designed to improve the performance, throughput, and overall system characteristics of the return link in a wireless communication system. For illustrative purposes only, part of the data of the 1xEV-DV system is described, in particular, optimization of transmission by different mobile stations on an advanced reverse supplemental channel (UODK) (R-ESCH). The various forward and reverse link channels used in one or more exemplary embodiments are described in detail with this section. These channels are generally a subset of the channels used in a communication system.

4 shows an exemplary embodiment of data and control signals for transmitting reverse link data. Mobile station 106 is shown communicating on different channels, each channel being connected to one or more base stations 104A-104C. Base station 104A is marked as a scheduling base station. The remaining base stations 104B and 104C are part of the active set of the mobile station 106. Four types of reverse link signals and two types of forward link signals are shown. They are described below.

Request reverse channel

Reverse Request Channel (RCH) (R-REQCH) is used by the mobile station to request from the planning base station the transmission of reverse link data. In an exemplary embodiment, transmission is requested to the UODC. In an exemplary embodiment, the request for the JCH includes a T / P ratio that the mobile station can support, a variable according to a change in channel conditions, and a buffer size (i.e., the amount of data awaiting transmission). The request may also determine the quality of service (QoS) for data awaiting transmission. Note that a mobile station may have a single QoS level for a mobile station or, alternatively, different QoS levels for different types of data. Higher layer protocols may indicate QoS or other desirable parameters (such as latency or performance requirements) for different data services. In an alternative embodiment, a reverse dedicated control channel (R-DCCH) used in conjunction with other reverse link signals, such as a reverse main channel (R-DCCH) (R-FCH) (used, for example, for voice services), can be used to execute access requests. In general, access requests can be described as containing a logical channel, i.e. Schedule Request Reverse Channel (SCR) (R-SRCH), which may be mapped to an existing physical channel, such as a PLCCH. An exemplary embodiment is backward compatible with existing cdma2000 systems, such as cdma2000, and the GCC is a physical channel that can be used in the absence of either an OOK or a PVC. For clarity, the expression “OKZ” is used to describe the access request channel in the descriptions of the local embodiments, although specialists will immediately extend these principles to any type of access request system, whether the access request channel will be logical or physical. A QA can be closed until a request is required, thereby reducing interference and saving system bandwidth.

In an exemplary embodiment, the GCC has 12 input bits, which consist of the following: 4 bits to determine the maximum T / P ratio in the DRMC that the mobile station can support, 4 bits to determine the amount of data in the buffer of the mobile station, and 4 bits to determine the QoS. Those skilled in the art will recognize immediately that the number of bits and various other fields may be included in alternative embodiments.

Direct permission channel

Forward authorization channel (RRC) (F-GCH) is transmitted from the planning base station to the mobile station. RCC can consist of many channels. In an exemplary embodiment, a common RCC channel is used to fulfill general permissions, and one or more individual RCC channels are used to fulfill individual permissions. Permissions are granted by the planning base station in response to one or more requests from one or more mobile stations at their respective JCs. Permission channels may be labeled KP _x , where the subscript x indicates the channel number. Channel number 0 can be used to indicate a common enable channel. If N individual channels are used, the index x may vary from 1 to N.

Individual authorization can be performed for one or more mobile stations, each of which gives the permission to the specified mobile station to transmit to UODK at a certain or lower T / P ratio. Performing permissions on the forward link will naturally introduce overhead information that uses part of the forward link throughput. Various options for reducing overhead related to permissions are described in detail here, while other options may be apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the considerations presented here.

One point is that the mobile stations will be so adapted that each exhibits variable channel quality. Thus, for example, a mobile station of high geometry with a good forward and reverse channel may need a relatively low power for the resolution signal, and it is likely to be able to take advantage of the high data rate, and therefore, it needs individual resolution . A mobile station with low geometry or experiencing deep fading may require significantly more power to reliably receive individual resolution. Such a mobile station may not be the best candidate for individual authorization. The general resolution for this mobile station, described in detail below, may be less expensive in forward link overhead.

In an exemplary embodiment, several individual RCC channels are used to provide an appropriate number of individual resolutions at a particular time. RCC channels are code division multiplexed. This facilitates the ability to transmit each resolution at the power level required to reach only a specific intended mobile station. In an alternative embodiment, a single individual resolution channel may be applied with multiple individual time-multiplexed resolutions. To change the power of each resolution on an individual RCC with time multiplexing, additional complexity can be introduced. Within the scope of the present invention, any signaling method may be used to deliver general or individual permissions.

In some embodiments, a relatively large number of individual resolution channels (i.e., RCC) are used, this can be applied to provide a relatively large number of individual resolutions at a time. In such a case, it may be desirable to limit the number of individual permission channels that each mobile station should monitor. In one embodiment, various subsets of the total number of individual resolution channels are determined. Each mobile station is assigned a subset of the individual tracking permission channels. This allows the mobile station to reduce processing complexity and accordingly reduce power consumption. The tradeoff is the flexibility of planning, since the planning base station may not be able to arbitrarily assign sets of individual permissions (for example, all individual permissions cannot be issued to members of a single group, because these members do not track one or more individual permission channels by project). Note that this loss of flexibility does not necessarily result in a loss of bandwidth. To illustrate, consider an example that includes four individual resolution channels. Mobile stations with even numbers can be assigned to track the first two permission channels, and mobile stations with odd numbers can be assigned to track the last two channels. In another example, these subsets may overlap so that even mobile stations follow the first three permission channels, and odd mobile stations follow the last three permission channels. It is clear that the planning base station cannot arbitrarily assign four mobile stations from any one group (even or odd). These examples are merely illustrative. Any number of channels with any subset configuration may be used within the scope of the present invention.

Other mobile stations that have made a request but have not accepted individual authorization may be given permission to transmit to the UODC using a general authorization, which determines the maximum T / P ratio that each remaining mobile station must adhere to. Generic RCC can also be referred to as a direct common grant channel (COCHR) (F-CGCH). A mobile station monitors one or more individual resolution channels (or a subset of them), as well as a general RCC. Until an individual authorization is issued, the mobile station may transmit if a general authorization is granted. General resolution indicates the maximum T / P ratio at which the remaining mobile stations (general-resolution mobile stations) can transmit for data with a specific type of KU.

In an exemplary embodiment, each common resolution is valid for multiple sub-packet transmission intervals. When a general permission is received, a mobile station that sent a request but has not received an individual permission may begin to transmit one or more coded packets in subsequent transmission intervals. The permission information may be repeated multiple times. This allows you to transmit the total resolution at a reduced power level with respect to the individual resolution. Each mobile station can combine energy from multiple transmissions to reliably decode the overall resolution. Therefore, the total resolution can be selected for mobile stations with low geometry, for example, if the individual resolution seems too expensive in terms of direct line throughput. However, general permissions still require service information, and various methods for reducing this service information are described in detail below.

Reverse pilot channel

A reverse pilot channel (RPC) (R-PICH) is transmitted from the mobile station to the base stations in the active set. Power in the UIC can be measured at one or more base stations for use in reverse link power control. As is well known in the art, pilot signals can be used to provide amplitude and phase measurements for use in coherent demodulation. As described above, the amount of transmit power available to the mobile station (whether it is limited by the planning base station or the internal limitations of the mobile station power amplifier) is divided between the pilot channel, the traffic channel or channels, and the control channels.

As described above, additional pilot power may be necessary for higher data rates and modulation formats. In order to simplify the use of the OPC for power control and avoid some problems associated with instantaneous changes in the required pilot power, an additional channel can be allocated for use as an additional or secondary pilot channel. Although in the general case, pilot signals are transmitted using known data sequences, as disclosed herein, an information-carrying signal can also be used to generate reference information for demodulation. In an exemplary embodiment, the OKIS (details below) is used to carry the desired additional pilot power.

Speed indicator return channel

The reverse channel of the speed indicator (OKIS) (R-RICH) is used by the mobile station to indicate the transmission format on the reverse channel of the UODC traffic. A 5-bit OKIS message is a set of 5 bits with values of 1 or 0. An orthogonal encoder unit maps each 5-bit input sequence to a 32-character orthogonal sequence. For example, each 5-bit input sequence can be mapped to a separate 32-bit Walsh code. The sequence repeater repeats a sequence of 32 characters three times. The bit repetition block generates an input bit repeated 96 times at its output. The sequence selection unit selects between two input signals and passes this input signal to the output. For zero speeds, the output of the bit repetition block is skipped unchanged. For all other speeds, the output of the sequence repeater is skipped without change. The signal point mapping unit maps input bit 0 to +1, and input bit 1 to -1. The signal point display unit is followed by a Walsh extension unit. The Walsh expansion unit expands each input symbol into 64 elementary intervals. Each input symbol is multiplied with a Walsh code W (48, 64). The Walsh code W (48, 64) is a Walsh code of 64 elementary intervals with an index of 48. The TIA / EIA IS-2000 provides tables describing Walsh codes of different lengths.

Specialists will understand that this channel structure is just an example. In alternative embodiments, various other coding, repetition, interleaving, signal point mapping, or Walsh coding parameters may be applied. You can also apply additional methods of encoding or formatting, well known in the art. These modifications fall within the scope of the present invention.

Advanced Reverse Auxiliary Channel

An enhanced reverse supplemental channel is used as a reverse link traffic data channel in the exemplary embodiments described herein. Any number of transmission rates and modulation formats can be used for UODC. In an exemplary embodiment, the UODC has the following properties. Retransmissions of the physical layer are supported. For retransmissions, when the first code is a 1/4 speed code, the retransmission uses a 1/4 speed code and race combining is used. For retransmissions, when the first code is a rate greater than 1/4, incremental redundancy is used. The underlying code is a code of _^1/5 rate. Alternatively, incremental redundancy can also be used for all cases.

Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) (HARQ) is supported for both standalone and scheduled users, both of whom can access UODC.

For the case in which the first code is a 1/2 speed code, the frame is encoded as a 1/4 speed code, and the encoded characters are divided equally into two parts. The first half of the characters is sent in the first gear, the second half in the second gear, then the first half in the third gear, etc.

The synchronous operation of multiple AZP channels can be supported by fixed timing between retransmissions: a fixed number of subpackets between successive subpackets of the same packet can be allowed. Alternating transmissions are also permitted. As an example, for 5 ms frames, 4 channels of the ARQ can be supported with a delay of 3 subpackets between subpackets.

The table lists approximate data rates for the enhanced reverse supplemental channel. The 5 ms subpacket size is described, and the accompanying channels are designed to fit this choice. Other sizes of subpackages may also be selected, as is immediately apparent to those skilled in the art. The reference pilot level for these channels is not adjustable, i.e. the base station has the flexibility to choose a T / P to receive a given operating point. This maximum T / P value is signaled on the forward enable channel. A mobile station may use a lower T / P if it goes beyond the power for transmission, ensuring that the HARQ meets the required CS. Layer 3 signaling messages can also be transmitted through the UODK, allowing the system to operate without OK / VKU.

Advanced Reverse Auxiliary Channel Parameters The number of bits per encoder packet The number of 5 ms elementary intervals Data Rate (kbps) Data Rate / 9.6 kbps Code rate Koeffi-
rep repeat
character before interleaving Modulation Walsh Canals The number of binary code characters in all subpackets Effective code rate including repetition 192 four 9.6 1,000 1/4 2 BPSK on I ++ - 6,144 1/32 192 3 12.8 1,333 1/4 2 BPSK on I ++ - 4,608 1/24 192 2 19.2 2,000 1/4 2 BPSK on I ++ - 3,072 1/16 192 one 38,4 4,000 1/4 2 BPSK on I ++ - 1,536 1/8 384 four 19.2 2,000 1/4 one BPSK on I ++ - 6,144 1/16 384 3 25.6 2,667 1/4 one BPSK on I ++ - 4,608 1/12 384 2 38,4 4,000 1/4 one BPSK on I ++ - 3,072 1/8 384 one 76.8 8,000 1/4 one BPSK on I ++ - 1,536 1/4 768 four 76.8 4,000 1/4 one QPSK ++ - 12,288 1/16 768 3 102,4 5,333 1/4 one QPSK ++ - 9,216 1/12 768 2 153.6 8,000 1/4 one QPSK ++ - 6,144 1/8 768 one 307.2 16,000 1/4 one QPSK ++ - 3,072 1/4 1,536 four 76.8 8,000 1/4 one QPSK + - 24,576 1/16 1,536 3 102,4 10,667 1/4 one QPSK + - 18,432 1/12 1,536 2 153.6 16,000 1/4 one QPSK + - 12,288 1/8 1,536 one 307.2 32,000 1/4 one QPSK + - 6,144 1/4 2,304 four 115,2 12,000 1/4 one QPSK ++ - / + - 36,864 1/16 2,304 3 153.6 16,000 1/4 one QPSK ++ - / + - 27,648 1/12 2,304 2 230,4 24,000 1/4 one QPSK ++ - / + - 18,432 1/8 2,304 one 460.8 48,000 1/4 one QPSK ++ - / + - 9,216 1.4 3,072 four 153.6 16,000 1/5 one QPSK ++ - / + - 36,864 1/12 3,072 3 204.8 21,333 1/5 one QPSK ++ - / + - 27,648 1/9 3,072 2 307.2 32,000 1/5 one QPSK ++ - / + - 18,432 1/6 3,072 one 614.4 64,000 1/5 one QPSK ++ - / + - 9,216 1/3 4,608 four 230,4 24,000 1/5 one QPSK ++ - / + - 36,864 1/8 4,608 3 307.2 32,000 1/5 one QPSK ++ - / + - 27,648 1/6 4,608 2 460.8 48,000 1/5 one QPSK ++ - / + - 18,432 1/4 4,608 one 921.6 96,000 1/5 one QPSK ++ - / + - 9,216 1/2 6,144 four 307.2 32,000 1/5 one QPSK ++ - / + - 36,864 1/6 6,144 3 409.6 42,667 1/5 one QPSK ++ - / + - 27,648 2/9 6,144 2 614.4 64,000 1/5 one QPSK ++ - / + - 18,432 1/3 6,144 one 1228.8 120,000 1/5 one QPSK ++ - / + - 9,216 2/3

In an exemplary embodiment, turbo coding is used for all speeds. At coding rate R = 1/4, an interleaver similar to the current cdma2000 return line is used, and if a second subpacket is transmitted, it has the same format as the first subpacket. At a coding rate of R = 1/5, an interleaver similar to the forward packet data channel cdma2000 is used, and if a second subpacket is transmitted, the sequence of encoded and interleaved symbols selected for the second subpacket follows those selected for the first subpacket. The maximum allowed transmission of two subpackets, and if a second subpacket is transmitted, it uses the same data rate as in the transmission of the first subpacket.

The number of bits per encoder packet includes the CRC bits and 6 terminating bits. For a 192-bit encoder packet size, a 12-bit CEC is used; otherwise, a 16-bit CEC is used. The number of information bits per frame is 2 more than with the corresponding speeds in cdma2000. It is assumed that 5 ms elementary intervals are separated from each other by 15 ms to allow time for ACK / NAK responses. If ACK is received, the remaining elementary packet intervals are not transmitted.

The 5-ms subpacket duration and the parameters just described are just an example. Any number of combinations of speeds, formats, subpacket repeat options, subpacket duration, etc. will immediately be apparent to the person skilled in the light of the discussion presented here. An alternative embodiment using 3 channels of the ACL can be used. In one embodiment, a single subpacket duration or frame size is selected. For example, either 5 ms or 10 ms structure is selected. In an alternative embodiment, described in detail below, a system may support multiple frame durations.

Direct channel of general confirmation

The Direct General Confirmation Channel (FCR) (F-CACKCH) is used by the base station to confirm the correct reception of the DRM, as well as to renew the existing permit. Acknowledgment (ACK) on the PKOP indicates the correct reception of the subpacket. Additional transmission of this subpacket by the mobile station is not needed. A negative acknowledgment (NAK) at the PKOP allows the mobile station to transmit the next subpacket up to the maximum allowed number of subpackets per packet. The third command, confirmation and continuation, allows the base station to confirm the successful reception of the packet and, at the same time, allow the mobile station to transmit using the permission that led to the successfully received packet. One embodiment of the PKOP uses +1 values for ACK symbols, null symbols for NAK symbols, and -1 values for confirmation and continuation symbols. In various exemplary embodiments of implementation, described in detail below, up to 96 mobile identifiers may be supported on a single PKOP. To maintain additional mobile identifiers, additional PKOP can be applied.

The Hadamard encoder is one example of an encoder for mapping onto a set of orthogonal functions. Various other methods may also be used. For example, for encoding, the generation of any Walsh code or orthogonal variable expansion coefficient (OECS) code (OVSF) can be used. Different users can be transmitted at different power levels if independent amplification units are used. PKOP transfers one selected three-digit flag per user. Each user monitors PKOP from all base stations in their active set (or, alternatively, the alarm can determine a reduced active set to reduce complexity).

In various embodiments described in detail below, two channels are each covered by a covering Walsh sequence of 128 elementary intervals. One channel is transmitted on channel I, and the other is transmitted on channel Q. Another embodiment of the PKOP uses a single covering Walsh sequence of 128 elementary intervals to simultaneously support up to 192 mobile stations. This approach uses a 10 ms duration for each three-digit flag.

There are several ways the ASK channel works. In one embodiment, it may operate such that “1” is transmitted for the ACK. NAK, or the absence state does not require any transmission. The transmission "-1" means confirmation and continuation, i.e. the same resolution is repeated for MS. This saves the overhead of the new permission channel.

To view when the MS has a packet to send that it requires the use of the UODK, it sends a request for OKZ. The base station can respond with a resolution using QAR or RCC. However, this work is somewhat expensive. In order to reduce the overhead of the forward link, the PKOP may send a confirmation and repeat flag, which extends the existing resolution at a lower cost to the planning base station. This method works for both individual and general permissions. Confirmation and repetition is used from the enabling base station and extends the current resolution by one more encoder packet on the same channel of the receiver.

Various embodiments are described herein with reference to the transmission of a common acknowledgment channel (SCCR). Those skilled in the art will immediately realize that the principles described here apply to any kind of command sequence or other data sequences.

5 shows a prior art embodiment for a portion of a transmitter of a command stream. Command streams for delivery to one or more mobile stations may be combined into a shared command channel. In this example, direct line confirmation commands for up to 96 mobile stations are sent to multiplexers 510 and 520, with 48 instruction streams supplied to each. Command flows consist of confirmation commands, including acknowledgment (ACK), negative acknowledgment (NAK), and acknowledgment and repetition, as described above. Multiplexers 510 and 520 select sequences of commands, one at a time, to form the MBP sequences, one for in-phase transmission, one for quadrature transmission. In this example, the MBP sequences contain 48 characters every five milliseconds (9.6 kbit / s). These MBP sequences are gain controlled in channel gain units 530 and 540, respectively. The MBP gain control sequences are covered in multipliers 550 and 560 in-phase and quadrature cover sequences, respectively. In this example, the covering sequence is a 128-bit Walsh sequence W _i ¹²⁸ . The resulting output signals from the multipliers 550 and 560 are the I and Q outputs of the PKOP for transmission at a speed of 1.2288 Mchip / s (chip is an element of the sequence).

The output signal of FIG. 5 can be combined with other data and / or control signals, which are covered accordingly, and transmitted to one or more mobile stations. Thus, the MBP to MKP approach is adopted to transmit multiple commands to multiple mobile stations using the shared channel of the MKP. One drawback of this approach is that for a given error probability, the requirements for both peak and average power are higher than those required in the embodiments of the present invention disclosed herein. This method has been successfully used in the prior art by increasing the allowable probability of error to provide acceptable peak power requirements, as well as average power consumption. This compromise can be considered acceptable in some situations, for example, in the power control loop. In a power control loop, a one-bit increase or decrease command is usually transmitted. The power control loop controls the commands so that the received power arrives at the desired power setting point. If the power control command is received in error, the power control loop will correct this error. However, in some situations, such as the Forward Direct Link Acknowledgment Channel (SCCR) proposed for the 1xEV-DV system described above, a specific performance requirement may be unattainable or too expensive when using the MDR approach to FIBC. For example, although the error of the power control command can make the transmitted power slightly higher for the moment, thereby using more shared resource than required, or too low for the moment, causing an increase in the error rate, conventional power control circuits are designed with fast power control so that deal with such situations and quickly restore transmission power to the desired level, thereby minimizing any undesirable degradation of system performance. In contrast, a false acknowledgment command (ACK) may result in packet loss. While NAK often allows the transmission of additional subpackets, potentially leading to the correct reception when combined with previously transmitted subpackets, a false ASK may require skipping packets that are fully subject to retransmission, most often after interference due to a higher-level protocol and with significant delay . A false confirmation and continuation command creates the same problems. False NAK, meaning that the packet has already been received correctly, leads to the fact that additional subpackets are transmitted unnecessarily. All of these scenarios can distort the performance of the system. Thus, commands, such as HAZP commands, can advantageously be transmitted at a lower error rate. This translates into a higher average transmit power and a very high (possibly unattainable) peak power if the prior art device shown in FIG. 5 is used.

FIG. 6 shows an embodiment of an MCR to MCR encoder for receiving a plurality of input sequences combining them using code division multiplexing and transmitting the combined signal along with other MCR signals to one or more mobile stations. This embodiment is shown with PKOP command streams for 96 mobile stations as an example. Those skilled in the art will recognize that any type of sequence, command, or data can be used instead. The first 48 command streams, defined as routed to mobile identification numbers from 0 to 47, will be combined and transmitted on channel I. The second 48 command streams, defined as routed to mobile identification numbers from 0 to 47, will be combined and transmitted on channel Q. The first 48 instruction streams are each encoded by a spanning sequence. In an exemplary embodiment, the command streams are encoded using encoders, respectively, 610A-610N Hadamard sequences of length 48. The Hadamard sequence number used in each encoder corresponds to a mobile identification number. However, the assignment of sequences is arbitrary, and other configurations will immediately be apparent to those skilled in the art. The output signals of the Hadamard encoders 610A-610N can be individually adjusted for power in the channel amplification units 630A-630N, respectively.

The second 48 instruction streams are also encoded by covering sequences. In this example, they are covered by encoders, respectively, 620A-620N Hadamard sequences of length 48 in the same way as described above for encoders 610A-610N. Again, the assignment of sequences is arbitrary. Similarly, the output signals of Hadamard encoders 620A-620N can be individually controlled in power in channel amplification units 640A-640N, respectively.

The output signals of blocks 630A-630N and 640A-640N are supplied for combining in adders 650 and 660, respectively. The output signals of the adders 650 and 660 are signals I and Q respectively MKR. Each contains 48 characters for 5 ms (9.6 kbit / s) for transmission on branches I and Q. These signals are covered by the covering sequences I and Q, jointly determined by W _i ¹²⁸ , in multiplexers 670 and 680, respectively, to generate output signals I and Q of the control panel at 1.2288 Mchip / s. These output signals may be combined with other FIBC covering signals for transmission to one or more mobile stations. Again, those skilled in the art will recognize that shown in FIG. 6, an embodiment is nothing more than one example, and the principles of combining sequences using MKP and then covering the combined sequences of MKP for transmission can be applied to any control and / or data sequences.

Note further that the use of QPSK, as shown, is just an example. It has the benefit of allowing two different MCR signals to be transmitted to the MCR using the orthogonality provided by QPSK. Other modulation formats may also be supported. For example, you can use BPSK as an alternative.

One of the advantages of using such an embodiment as shown in FIG. 6, as opposed to the prior art shown in FIG. 5, is that the peak power requirements can be made much lower for the desired error rate. In some cases, the embodiment of FIG. 6 may be able to fulfill a desired specification that cannot be met with an architecture such as that shown in FIG. 5. Further, the average power required for the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 will also generally be lower.

FIGS. 7A and 7B show an embodiment of the combined MRC and MBR methods on the MRC signal. In some cases, the FIBC encoder on the FIBC, such as that shown in FIG. 6, may interfere with its operation due to increased crosstalk from input sequences directed to other mobile stations of the FIBC channel PCCP when the orthogonality period becomes longer. For example, due to multipath effects, some loss of orthogonality may be present in the 5 ms frame given in the above exemplary embodiments. The embodiment shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B is generalized to the number of input sequences, the length of encoders, the number of inputs to adders and multiplexers, and the like. Other embodiments disclosed herein may be generalized in a similar manner, but are described with respect to a particular embodiment for clarity of discussion. Specialists will immediately apply the methods described here to a variety of encoder configurations.

In this example, two signals are generated, one for transmission on the common mode channel and the other for transmission on the quadrature channel. Each signal consists of time-division multiplexing of multiple channels of the MCR. The resulting signals are coated again to create a signal suitable for transmission in the form of MCR with other data and / or control signals. Thus, in essence, an MCR signal is generated on the MCR on the MCR.

There are N input sequences to combine into a common command signal (of course, non-command sequences can also be combined to form any type of common signal). In some applications, each input sequence is routed to a single mobile station. One example of such a plurality of input sequences are ACK / NAK / confirmation and continuation commands, each generated for a single mobile station that forms the above SCCR. In alternative embodiments, one or more input sequences may be routed to a single mobile station. To indicate their commonality, each input sequence is marked as command bits for the subchannel identifier, where the subchannel identifier can take a value from 0 to N-1. (The subchannel identifier may correspond to the identifier of the mobile station in some embodiments). There are M channels of MKP, combined on each channel of the MVR. There are L elementary time intervals in each MVR channel. Thus, when dividing N input sequences between channels I and Q, there are N / 2 input sequences for each channel phase. Thus, the ratio between M, N and L is given as M = N / (2 · L).

So, the first M input sequences are covered by Hadamard sequences of length M in encoders 710A-710M. M different Hadamard sequences can be arbitrarily assigned to input sequences. In this example, the sequence corresponds to the identifier of the subchannel. Groups of M input sequences are assigned this way until the last M input sequences assigned to channel I (M (L-1) - (N / 2) -1) are fed to encoders 720A-720M. Note that the assignment of a particular Hadamard sequence is arbitrary, although in this example they are assigned as subchannel identifiers modulo M. The following N / 2 input sequences are encoded in the same way as shown. M sequences N / 2-N / 2 + M-1 are fed to encoders 750A-750M. This assignment continues until the final M sequences (N / 2 + M (L-1) -N-1) are applied to the encoders 755A-755M. Again, the assignment of Hadamard sequences is arbitrary, but in this example is the identifier of the subchannel modulo M.

Each of the output signals of the Hadamard encoders can be changed by channel amplification in blocks, respectively, from 730A-730M to 735A-735M and from 760A-760M to 765A-765M channel amplification. For each phase (I and Q), there are L adders, 740A-740L for channel I and 770A-770L for channel Q, each of which combines its respective M coated input sequences to form 2L MKP sequences. L in-phase MCR sequences from adders 740A-740L are time division multiplexed in a multiplexer 745 to generate an MKP signal on the TDM for channel I. Similarly, L quadrature MCR sequences from adders 770A-770L are time division multiplexed in a multiplexer 775 to generate an MKP signal on TDM channel Q. CDM signals on TDM then covered covering sequence (including in-phase and quadrature components), denoted W _i, to multiplexers 780 and 785, respectively, for generating output x I signal and Q signal common commands. These covered signals are then ready for combining and transmitting in the form of FIBC with other data signals and (or) control. (Again, experts will understand that QPSK is nothing more than an option, but not a need. Further, a common signal may contain sequences other than command signals. And yet, a shared channel can be transmitted and received and decoded by any combination of one or more mobile stations). Thus, the generalized embodiment shown in FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B illustrates the use of combining FIBC on MVP on FIBC of input sequences. This method allows to reduce the peak and average power due to the properties of the MCR, as well as the potential increase in the number of users and mitigate the loss of orthogonality due to the properties of the MBR.

Those skilled in the art will understand that the embodiment of FIGS. 7A and 7B is common and can be used with many combinations of the number M of MCR channels, L time slots, and N input sequences. Alternative embodiments do not need to maintain the symmetry described in FIG. 7A and FIG. For example, signals I and Q can be constructed using excellent parameters. Further, the multiplexers can be made for multiplexing with time division of the output signals of the adder, each of which may or may not be combined with the same number of MCR channels. The two exemplary embodiments for SCCR described above are given here for illustration. In the first embodiment, a 1/2400 orthogonal period is generated using M = 4 and L-12 on both channel I and channel Q to combine 96 input sequences containing ACK / NAK / confirmation and repeat commands for up to 96 mobile stations, with a 128-element Walsh coverage sequence at 1.2288 Mchip / s. In a second exemplary embodiment, a 1.25 ms orthogonal period is generated using M = 12 and L = 4 to process the same input signals and generate the same output signal as described in the first embodiment. Specialists will immediately come up with any number of combinations in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 8 shows an embodiment using combination repetition. Although this embodiment can be summarized in the same way as detailed in relation to figa and figv, PKOP is used again for illustration purposes. This embodiment uses a combination repeating MKP approach. 48 input sequences, i.e. PKOP bits for mobile identifiers 0-47 in this example are fed to 48-character encoders 810A-810N and 820A-820N for channel I and channel Q, respectively. Each 48-character encoder uses two 24-character Hadamard sequences. The encoded output signals are adjustable in gain in the channel amplification units 830A-830N and 840A-840N, respectively. An adder 850 combines the corresponding gain-adjusted coded sequences to generate a channel IQF signal. An adder 860 combines the corresponding gain-adjusted coded sequences to generate the QCF channel Q signal. (Note that, as before, the use of both channels I and Q for No signal transmission is required. Alternative embodiments may use other modulation schemes within the scope of the present invention.) The FDM signals I and Q are again covered in multipliers 8 70 and 880 using the complex covering sequence W _i ¹²⁸ to generate the output signals of the PKOP I and Q, which can be combined with other signals in the form of MCS and transmitted to one or more mobile stations. Thus, FIG. 8 illustrates yet another embodiment of an approach for encoding MPC on MPC.

One advantage of the embodiment of FIG. 8 is that the orthogonal period is reduced from 5 ms to 2.5 ms. Therefore, the crosstalk from other possible users of this PKOP is less. In this example, the repetition used in encoders 810 and 820 does not repeat the same Hadamard sequences, but instead uses a different sequence for the second transmission. So if, for example, a particular user causes interference to another user in the first gear, the same user will not cause the same interference in the second gear. This approach reduces peak crosstalk and makes it closer to average interference. However, in contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 6, half of the number of users is supported by this embodiment.

In one embodiment, the Hadamard sequences selected for encoders 810 and 820 are as follows. The first 24 characters for both encoders 810 and 820 are Hadamard sequences of length 24 defined by the mobile identifier modulo 24. The second 24 characters for encoders 810 are Hadamard sequences of length 24 defined by (mobile identifier +5) modulo 24. The second 24 characters for encoders 820 are Hadamard sequences of length 24 defined by (mobile identifier +7) modulo 24. These values do not have specific significance, although they are easy to calculate. Specialists will immediately extend these principles to various other repetition sequences. The result is that if a particular user interferes with another user in the first gear, the same user will not cause the same interference in the second gear. This reduces peak crosstalk and makes it closer to average interference.

In an alternative embodiment, Hadamard sequence values are assigned with variable time. In the first embodiment just described, with two repetitions including the described combination, the peak crosstalk in two gears (i.e., the frame) can be much higher than the average interference. If two users are assigned so that this peak interference occurs, it can occur in each frame. In a variable time approach, even if the crosstalk is bad in one frame, the same users will not have the same bad crosstalk in the next frames, because Hadamard sequences are assigned with variable time.

Various other alternatives are also contemplated. If more orthogonal protection is desired, additional repetition may be introduced. Further, the repetition method described in relation to FIG. 8 can be combined with the MBP approach introduced in the embodiment of FIG. 7A and FIG. 7B. Those skilled in the art will immediately configure many combinations according to the principles disclosed herein.

The wireless communication device 106 described above with respect to FIG. 3 is operable to receive and demodulate any of the various various FIBC transmission signals described above. A demodulator 325 may be made to perform the expansion and demultiplexing of the various described MBP and FIBC signals to extract the desired sequence of characters transmitted from the base station 104. In many of the above examples, these characters will be the corresponding bits of the SCCR assigned to this particular mobile station 106.

It should be noted that in all the embodiments described above, the steps of the method can be interchangeable without departing from the scope of the invention. The descriptions disclosed herein in many cases refer to signals, parameters, and procedures associated with the 1xEV-DV standard, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Specialists will immediately apply the principles disclosed here to various other communication systems. These and other modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art.

Professionals will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of technologies and methods. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols and elements (chips) that can be referenced throughout the above description can be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles , or a combination thereof.

Those skilled in the art will further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithmic steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps are described above generally in terms of their functions. Whether such functions are embodied in the form of hardware or software depends on the particular application and design restrictions imposed on the entire system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functions in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present invention.

The various illustrative logical blocks, modules, and circuits described above in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or performed using a universal processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-oriented integrated circuit (ASIC), programmable a gate array user (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gates or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or a combination thereof, designed to ying functions described herein. A universal processor can be a microprocessor, but, in the alternative, this processor can be any traditional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be embodied as a combination of computing devices, for example, a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a processor module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. The program module may reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be combined with a processor. The processor and storage media may reside in the IAS. IAS may reside in a user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications in these embodiments will immediately be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to limit the embodiments shown here, but should be considered in the broadest possible scope consistent with the principles and new features disclosed herein.

Claims (44)

1. An encoding device comprising
a first encoder for receiving a plurality of symbol streams and encoding each of the symbol streams of one of the plurality of covering sequences to form a plurality of covered sequences;
an adder for summing the plurality of coated sequences to generate a first code division multiplexed (MCM) signal; and
a second encoder for covering the first MKP signal with a covering sequence to generate a first coated MKP signal. 2. The device according to claim 1, additionally containing one or more channel gain units for receiving a plurality of gain values and multiplying a plurality of coated sequences with a plurality of gain values, respectively, before being fed to the adder. 3. The device according to claim 1, in which the first encoder contains one or more Hadamard encoders. 4. The device according to claim 1, additionally containing a transmitter for receiving a first coated FIBC signal and one or more additional coated signals, for combining the first coated FIBC signal and one or more additional covered signals to form a combined FIBC signal, and for transmitting the combined FIBC signal to a remote station. 5. The device according to claim 1, additionally containing
a third encoder for receiving a second plurality of symbol streams and encoding each of the symbol streams with a plurality of covering sequences to form a second plurality of covered sequences;
a second adder for summing the second plurality of coated sequences to form a second code division multiplexed (MCM) signal;
a fourth encoder for covering the second MKP signal with a covering sequence to generate a second coated MKR signal; and
a transmitter for transmitting the first MKR-coated signal over the in-phase channel and the second MKR-coated signal over the quadrature channel. 6. The device according to claim 1, in which one or more streams of characters contain the values of the commands, and these command values indicate confirmation, negative confirmation or confirmation and continued. 7. The device according to claim 1, in which the encoder segments the encoding time into two or more segments and covers each of a plurality of symbol streams with two or more sequences, each sequence being intended to cover for two or more segments, respectively, and wherein the sequence covering each symbol stream during a segment is unique to the corresponding symbol stream. 8. The device according to claim 7, in which the first sequence is selected as the Hadamard sequence corresponding to the identifier of the remote station, and the second sequence is selected as the identifier of the remote station, plus five modulo half the number of symbol streams in the set. 9. The device according to claim 7, in which the first sequence is selected as the Hadamard sequence corresponding to the identifier of the remote station, and the second sequence is selected as the identifier of the remote station, plus seven modulo half the number of character streams in the set. 10. The device according to claim 7, in which each sequence is assigned a variable in time. 11. An encoding device comprising
a plurality of code division multiplexed code division multiplexer (MKD) encoders for receiving a plurality of symbol streams and generating a plurality of MKR coated signals, each MKR encoder comprising
a first encoder for receiving a plurality of symbol streams and encoding each of the symbol streams of one of the plurality of covering sequences to form a plurality of covered sequences;
an adder for summing the plurality of coated sequences to form the MCR signal;
a time multiplexer for receiving a plurality of coated FIBC signals and generating a time division multiplexed (TDM) signal comprising a plurality of coated FIBC signals; and a second encoder for covering the MBP signal with a covering sequence to generate a coated MBP / FIBC signal. 12. The device according to claim 11, in which each MCR encoder further comprises one or more channel gain units for receiving a plurality of gain values and multiplying a plurality of covered sequences with a plurality of gain factors, respectively, before being fed to the adder. 13. The device according to claim 11, further comprising a transmitter for receiving a coated MBP / FIBC signal and one or more additional coated signals, for combining a coated MBP / FIBC signal and one or more additional coated signals to form a combined FIBC signal, and for transmitting combined FIBC signal to a remote station. 14. A decoding device configured to operate on a code division multiplexed (MCD) signal coated with a first covering sequence containing one or more MCR sub-signals, each of one or more MCR sub-signals containing a plurality of symbol sequences covered by a second plurality of covering sequences, respectively containing
a receiver for receiving an FIBC signal;
a first spectral narrowing unit for narrowing the spectrum of the received FIBC signal with a first covering sequence to generate a focal spectrum narrowed signal; and
a second spectral narrowing unit for narrowing the spectrum narrowed by the MCR spectrum of a signal from one of the second covering sequences to generate a reconstructed sequence of characters. 15. The device according to 14, in which the second block of the narrowing of the spectrum further narrows the spectrum-narrowed spectrum MKP signal with one or more additional second covering sequences to generate one or more additional restored sequences of characters. 16. A decoding device configured to operate on a code division multiplexed (MCR) signal coated with a first covering sequence containing one or more time division multiplexed (MDR) signals, each of one or more MDR signals containing one or more MCR subsignals, and each of one or more FIBC subsignals contains a plurality of symbol sequences covered by a second plurality of covering sequences, respectively, won a
a receiver for receiving an FIBC signal;
a first spectral narrowing unit for narrowing the spectrum of the received FIBC signal with a first covering sequence to generate a convolved FIBC signal;
a demultiplexer for selecting one of the MBP signals from a narrowed spectrum of the MCR signal; and
a second constriction block for narrowing the spectrum of a narrowed spectrum MVR signal from one of the second covering sequences to generate a restored sequence of characters. 17. A wireless communication device comprising
a first encoder for receiving a plurality of symbol streams and encoding each of the symbol streams of one of the plurality of covering sequences to form a plurality of covered sequences;
an adder for summing the plurality of coated sequences to generate a first code division multiplexed (MCM) signal; and
a second encoder for covering the first MKP signal with a covering sequence to generate a first coated MKP signal. 18. A wireless communication device comprising
a plurality of code division multiplexed code division multiplexer (MKD) encoders for receiving a plurality of symbol streams and generating a plurality of MKR coated signals, each MKR encoder comprising
a first encoder for receiving a plurality of symbol streams and encoding each of the symbol streams of one of the plurality of covering sequences to form a plurality of covered sequences;
an adder for summing the plurality of coated sequences to form the MCR signal;
a time multiplexer for receiving a plurality of coated FIBC signals and generating a time division multiplexed (TDM) signal comprising a plurality of coated FIBC signals; and
a second encoder for covering the MBP signal with a covering sequence to generate a coated MBP / FIBC signal. 19. A wireless communication device configured to operate on a code division multiplexed (MCF) signal coated with a first covering sequence containing one or more FSC sub-signals, each of one or more FSC sub-signals containing a plurality of symbol sequences covered by a second plurality of covering sequences correspondingly containing
a receiver for receiving an FIBC signal;
a first spectral narrowing unit for narrowing the spectrum of the received FIBC signal with a first covering sequence to generate a focal spectrum narrowed signal; and
a second spectral narrowing unit for narrowing the spectrum narrowed by the MCR spectrum of a signal from one of the second covering sequences to generate a reconstructed sequence of characters. 20. A wireless communications device configured to operate on a code division multiplexed (MCD) signal coated with a first covering sequence comprising one or more time division multiplexed (MDR) signals, each of one or more MDR signals containing one or more FIBC subsignals, and each of one or more FIBC subsignals contains a plurality of symbol sequences covered by a second plurality of covering sequences, respectively nno containing
a receiver for receiving an FIBC signal;
a first spectral narrowing unit for narrowing the spectrum of the received FIBC signal with a first covering sequence to generate a focal spectrum narrowed signal;
a demultiplexer for selecting one of the MBP signals from a narrowed spectrum of the MCR signal; and
a second constriction block for narrowing the spectrum of the selected MBP signal from one of the second covering sequences to generate a reconstructed sequence of characters. 21. A wireless communication system including a first wireless communication device, comprising
a first encoder for receiving a plurality of symbol streams and encoding each of the symbol streams of one of the plurality of covering sequences to form a plurality of covered sequences;
an adder for summing the plurality of coated sequences to generate a first code division multiplexed (MCM) signal; and
a second encoder for covering the first MKP signal with a covering sequence to generate a first coated MKP signal. 22. The wireless communication system according to item 21, further comprising a second wireless communication device, comprising: a receiver for receiving a first FIBC signal;
a first spectral narrowing unit for narrowing the spectrum of the received FIBC signal with a first covering sequence to generate a focal spectrum narrowed signal; and
a second spectral narrowing unit for narrowing the spectrum narrowed by the MCR spectrum of a signal from one of the second covering sequences to generate a reconstructed sequence of characters. 23. A wireless communication system including a wireless communication device comprising
a plurality of code division multiplexed code division multiplexer (MKD) encoders for receiving a plurality of symbol streams and generating a plurality of MKR coated signals, each MKR encoder comprising
a first encoder for receiving a plurality of symbol streams and encoding each of the symbol streams of one of the plurality of covering sequences to form a plurality of covered sequences;
an adder for summing the plurality of coated sequences to form the MCR signal;
a time multiplexer for receiving a plurality of coated FIBC signals and generating a time division multiplexed (TDM) signal comprising a plurality of coated FIBC signals; and
a second encoder for covering the MBP signal with a covering sequence to generate a coated MBP / FIBC signal. 24. The wireless communication system of claim 23, further comprising a second wireless communication device, comprising
a receiver for receiving MVR / MKR signal;
a first spectral narrowing unit for narrowing the spectrum of the received MBP / MCR signal with a first covering sequence to generate a narrowed MCR signal;
a demultiplexer for selecting one of the MBP signals from a narrowed spectrum of the MCR signal; and
a second constriction block for narrowing the spectrum of the selected MBP signal from one of the second covering sequences to generate a reconstructed sequence of characters. 25. The method of multiplexing multiple streams of characters, namely, that
covering each of a plurality of symbol streams of one of a plurality of covering sequences to form a plurality of covered sequences;
summarizing the plurality of coated sequences to form a first code division multiplexed (MCM) signal; and
cover the first MKP signal with a covering sequence to form the first coated MKP signal. 26. The method of claim 25, further comprising multiplying the plurality of coated sequences, respectively, with the plurality of gain values before summing. 27. The method according A.25, in which additionally
combine the first coated FIBC signal and one or more
additional covered signals; and
transmit the combined signals to one or more remote stations. 28. The method of claim 25, further
covering each of the second plurality of symbol streams of one of the plurality of covering sequences to form a second plurality of covered sequences;
summing up the second plurality of coated sequences to form a second MKP signal;
coating the second MKP signal with a covering sequence to form a second coated MKP signal;
transmitting the first coated MCR signal in common mode; and transmit the second coated MKR signal on a quadrature channel. 29. The method according A.25, in which one or more character streams contain command values, and these command values indicate confirmation, negative confirmation or confirmation and continued. 30. The method according A.25, in which when covering each of the many streams of characters
segmenting the encoding time into two or more segments;
each of the plurality of symbol streams is covered by two or more sequences, each sequence being intended to cover for two or more segments, respectively, and wherein the sequence covering each symbol stream during the segment is unique to the corresponding symbol stream. 31. The method of claim 30, wherein the two or more sequences are Hadamard sequences. 32. The method according to clause 30, in which two or more sequences are assigned variables in time. 33. The method of multiplexing multiple symbol streams,
consisting in the fact that
covering each of a plurality of symbol streams of one of a plurality of covering sequences to form a plurality of covered sequences;
summarizing the subsets of the plurality of coated sequences to form a plurality of code division multiplexed (MCM) signals;
time division multiplexed multiple MKP signals to form a time division multiplexed (MVR) signal; and
cover the first MBP signal with a covering sequence to form a coated MBP / MKP signal. 34. The method according to p, in which
combining the first coated MBP / MKP signal and one or more additional coated signals; and
transmit the combined signals to one or more remote stations. 35. The method of decoding a sequence of characters, namely, that
receiving a code division multiplexed (MKD) signal;
narrowing the received MCR signal with a first covering sequence over the spectrum; and
narrow down the spectrum of the narrowed spectrum received MCR signal with a second covering sequence to generate a decoded sequence of characters. 36. The method of decoding a sequence of characters, namely, that
receiving a code division multiplexed (MKD) signal;
narrowing the received MCR signal with a first covering sequence over the spectrum;
demultiplexing the time-narrowed spectrum received MCR signal to select a time division multiplexed (TDM) signal; and
narrow down the spectrum of the selected MBP signal with a second covering sequence to generate a decoded symbol sequence. 37. An encoding device comprising
means for covering each of the plurality of symbol streams of one of the plurality of covering sequences to form a plurality of covered sequences;
means for summing up the plurality of coated sequences to generate a first code division multiplexed (MKD) signal; and
means for coating the first MKP signal with a covering sequence to form a first coated MKP signal. 38. An encoding device comprising
means for covering each of the plurality of symbol streams of one of the plurality of covering sequences to form a plurality of covered sequences;
means for summing up the subsets of the plurality of coated sequences to form a plurality of code division multiplexed (MKD) signals;
means for time division multiplexing a plurality of FIBC signals to generate a time division multiplexed (TDM) signal; and
means for covering the first MBP signal with a covering sequence to form a coated MBP / MKP signal. 39. A decoding device comprising
means for receiving a code division multiplexed (MKC) signal;
means for narrowing the spectrum of the received FIBC signal with a first covering sequence; and
means for narrowing the spectrum of the narrowed spectrum received MCF signal with a second covering sequence to generate a decoded sequence of characters. 40. A decoding device comprising
means for receiving a code division multiplexed (MKC) signal;
means for narrowing the spectrum of the received FIBC signal with a first covering sequence;
means for time demultiplexing of a signal narrowed over the spectrum of the received FIBC signal to select a time division multiplexed (TDM) signal; and
means for narrowing the spectrum of the selected MBP signal with a second covering sequence to generate a decoded symbol sequence. 41. A storage medium readable by a processor, having data recorded thereon, upon reading which, the processor performs the following steps, in which
covering each of a plurality of symbol streams of one of a plurality of covering sequences to form a plurality of covered sequences;
summarizing the plurality of coated sequences to form a first code division multiplexed (MCM) signal; and
cover the first MKP signal with a covering sequence to form the first coated MKP signal. 42. A storage medium readable by a processor, having data recorded thereon, upon reading which, the processor performs the following steps, in which
covering each of a plurality of symbol streams of one of a plurality of covering sequences to form a plurality of covered sequences;
summarizing the subsets of the plurality of coated sequences to form a plurality of code division multiplexed (MCM) signals;
time division multiplexed multiple MKP signals to form a time division multiplexed (MVR) signal; and
cover the first MBP signal with a covering sequence to form a coated MBP / MKP signal. 43. A storage medium readable by a processor, having data recorded thereon, upon reading which, the processor performs the following steps, in which
receiving a code division multiplexed (MKD) signal;
narrowing the received MCR signal with a first covering sequence over the spectrum; and
narrow the spectrum narrowed over the MCR spectrum with a second covering sequence to generate a decoded sequence of characters. 44. The storage medium read by the processor, having data recorded on it, upon reading which, the processor performs the following steps, in which
receiving a code division multiplexed (MKD) signal; narrowing the received MCR signal with a first covering sequence over the spectrum;
demultiplexing the time-narrowed spectrum received MCR signal to select a time division multiplexed (TDM) signal; and
narrow down the spectrum of the selected MBP signal with a second covering sequence to generate a decoded symbol sequence.

Images