RU2369082C2 - Tuberous root chopper - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering and can be used for tuberous root chopping. The tuberous root chopper comprises a hopper with a chopping drum set in it vertically and equipped by cutting elements which are arranged on its surface in rows. The chopping drum is made as a hollow cylinder with an open lower base, is holed and set on a shaft. The upper part of the chopping drum is conical expanding downwards. The cutting elements are made as corrugated knives set on the chopping drum surface at an angle to its generatrix and to the vertical line. The hopper is fitted by a deflector set in its upper part and made as a truncated cone expanding downwards. A discharge opening is placed in the lower hopper part tangentially to the chopping drum. Curvilinear unloading blades with their length being equal to the inner radius of the chopping drum are set on a shaft radially below the chopping drum.

EFFECT: chopper design provides for qualitative loading of tuberous roots, low power demand and high efficiency.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of feed production, in particular to machines for grinding root crops.

Known chopper root crops [1], which contains a hopper with a mounted grinding drum with cutting protrusions located in rows in a checkerboard pattern on its surface. The grater drum is installed vertically, has the form of a hollow cylinder with an open bottom base. The hopper has a spiral shape in cross section, and in the longitudinal section the shape of a truncated, tapering down cone.

Known shredder has disadvantages, which include the following:

- ejection of part of root crops under the action of centrifugal forces from the hopper when loading;

- increased energy consumption of grinding, reduced productivity due to clogging of the inner cavity of the grinding drum with a crushed product, cast to the inner surface of the grinding drum by centrifugal force at an increased frequency of rotation.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the energy consumption of grinding, increasing productivity, preventing the ejection of root crops from the hopper when loading.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the grinding drum is mounted on the shaft, and its upper part is made conical, expanding downward. The cutting elements are in the form of comb knives mounted on the surface of the grinding drum at an angle to its generatrix. The hopper is equipped with a reflector mounted in its upper part, and is made in the form of a truncated, expanding downward cone. An unloading window is positioned tangentially with respect to the chopping drum in the lower part of the hopper, and curved discharge blades are radially installed on the shaft below the chopping drum, the length of which is equal to the inner radius of the chopping drum.

Figure 1 shows a chopper of root crops, a longitudinal section; figure 2 is a section along aa.

The root crop chopper contains a hopper 2 mounted on the frame 1 with a chopping drum 3 vertically mounted in it with cutting elements in the form of rows of comb knives 4 located on its surface, which are mounted on the surface of the chopping drum 3 at an angle to its generatrix and at an angle α to the vertical. The chopping drum 3 is made perforated with windows 5, which are located in front of the comb knives 4. The hopper 2 is equipped with a reflector 6 mounted in its upper part and made in the form of a truncated, expanding downward cone. The grinding drum 3 is mounted on the shaft 7 and has the form of a hollow cylinder with an open lower base. The upper part of the grinding drum 3 is made conical, expanding downward. In the lower part of the hopper 2 there is an unloading window 8 located tangentially with respect to the chopping drum 3. Under the chopping drum 3 there are radially curved unloading blades 9, rigidly mounted on the shaft 7, which is mounted in the bearings 10. The length of the unloading blades 9 is equal to the inner radius of the chopping drum 3.

Grinding root crops is as follows. Root tubers entering the hopper 2 are pinched between the walls of the hopper 2 and comb knives 4 mounted on the surface of the chopping drum 3 at an angle to its generatrix, and are crushed. Particles of crushed material pass through the windows 5 and fall into the grinding drum 3, and then, under the action of gravity and air flow created by curved discharge blades 9, fall into the lower part of the hopper 2, from where they are ejected by curved discharge blades 9 through the discharge window 8 to the outside.

The implementation of the upper part of the chopping drum in the form of a cone expanding downward, supplying the bunker with a reflector installed in its upper part and made in the form of a truncated, expanding down cone, prevents root crops from ejecting through the neck of the hopper when they are loaded into the chopper and facilitates faster movement of root crops into the grinding zone . The use of curved discharge blades eliminates clogging of the inner cavity of the grinding drum by the crushed product by creating an air flow, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the cutting process, increasing productivity and ensuring uninterrupted unloading of particles of crushed material.

The source of information

1. Patent RU No. 2242864. Root crop chopper. / V.I. Kurdyumov, M.N. Lemaev. Publ. 12/27/2004, Bull. Number 36.

Claims (1)

A root crop chopper containing a hopper with a chopping drum vertically mounted in it with cutting elements arranged in rows in the form of a perforated hollow cylinder with an open bottom base, characterized in that the chopping drum is mounted on a shaft, the upper part of the chopping drum is made conical, expanding down, the cutting elements are made in the form of comb knives mounted on the surface of the grinding drum at an angle to its generatrix and at an angle m to the vertical, the hopper is equipped with a reflector mounted in its upper part and made in the form of a truncated cone expanding downward, an unloading window is located tangentially with respect to the chopping drum in the lower part of the hopper, and curved unloading blades are radially mounted on the shaft below the chopping drum, length which is equal to the inner radius of the chopping drum.

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