RU2368651C1 - Concentrate of lubrication-cooling liquid (lcl) for mechanical treatment of metals and method for its receiving - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metallurgy.

SUBSTANCE: nonsaponifying wastes of fat-and-oil industry are heated up to temperature 25-52°C, after what they are charged into reactor, in which temperature is brought up to 102-107°C and it is implemented saponification reaction at temperature 102-107°C during 60-90 minutes. Then it is pumped over reactionary mass into reactor-normaliser, it is added liquid glass, diluted by hot water up to required concentration and it is cooled received emulsion up to 80°C. Then it is additionally introduced poly-methyl-siloxane liquid, herewith amount of improving additives not exceed 3% from amount of main substance. Ratio of components are used in following, %.: fatty tar- 30, sodium hydroxide - 2.5-3.5, liquid glass - 0.5-2.0 (by solid residue), poly-methyl-siloxane liquid- 0.05-0.1, water - 64.4-66.95. Alkaline agent can be used in the form of 30-40% solution of caustic soda or in the form of dry caustic soda. In the capacity of wastes of fat-and-oil industry there can be used soap stocks of vegetable oils, oil sludge, primary fatty tar or mixture of different wastes.

EFFECT: simplification of manufacturing, cost saving, foam formation reducing, increasing of ecological properties.

16 cl, 4 tbl

Description

The present invention relates to technological environments and methods for their preparation and can be used for machining metals.

Currently, saponified fat tars extracted from oil and fat industry wastes are widely used as cutting fluids, namely bottoms from the distillation of fatty acids isolated from co-stocks of vegetable oils or technical fat.

Known cutting fluid (coolant) for metal processing, containing tar from the distillation of fatty acids isolated from soap stocks of vegetable oils or technical fat, triethanolamine (15-20 wt.% From tar), mineral oil in a ratio of 1: 1-1: 2.5 by weight of tar saponified with triethanolamine, sodium hydroxide, taken in an amount of 0.5-1.0 wt.% From the above mixture, and water to obtain a 5% coolant emulsion (SU 1634699 A).

The disadvantages of this coolant are a complex method of its preparation and insufficient antifriction properties.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a cutting fluid for metal cutting and a method for its production, (RU 2177983 C1, publ. 10.01.2002, class C10M 173/00, C10N 40:22) adopted for the closest analogues (prototypes).

Cutting lubricant for metal cutting according to the prototype contains fat tars, an alkaline agent, grease and water, while it contains tars isolated from vegetable oils and / or technical fat as fat tars, sodium hydroxide is used as an alkaline agent, as a lubricant, sodium oleate and additionally sodium tripolyphosphate, fatty acid monoglyceride and liquid glass in the following ratio of components, parts by weight:

grease tars one hundred sodium hydroxide 2.0-3.8 sodium oleate 4.0-6.5 fatty acid monoglyceride 1.5-2.6 sodium tripolyphosphate 3.7-4.5 liquid glass (by dry residue) 0.6-4.4 water 2250-2400.

Cutting lubricant for metal cutting according to the prototype is prepared as follows: fatty oil tar, which is the bottom residue of the distillation of fatty acids from the stocks of vegetable oils and technical fat, is placed in a heated mixer and heated to a softening temperature of 55-75ºС. After this, a 10% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is added in small portions with continuous stirring in the tar. The process is carried out for 30-40 minutes, resulting in a tar saponified by 40-60% (depending on the initial acid number). Sodium oleate and fatty acid monoglyceride are added to the saponified tar with continuous stirring at the temperature indicated above and mixed for 10-15 minutes. Next, sodium tripolyphosphate is added to the mixture in the form of a 10-20% aqueous solution. Lastly, liquid glass is introduced in the form of a standard 40-60% solution. After that, the mixture is stirred for 5-10 minutes. The resulting concentrate is diluted with water to a water content of 50 wt.%.

Advantages and common features with the invention are:

- the use of the main substance in the form of grease tars from the waste oil industry increases the washing, lubricating, emulsifying and shielding ability,

- the use of an alkaline agent in the form of sodium hydroxide promotes quick and non-toxic saponification,

- the use of lubricant in the form of liquid glass helps to reduce the surface tension of the coolant, increasing its washing and penetrating ability, forms silaxane films on the friction surface, which reduce the coefficient of friction.

However, the lubricating coolant described as a prototype and the method for its preparation are characterized by such disadvantages as:

- the use of fat tars previously isolated from soap stocks of vegetable oils and / or technical fat, complicates the manufacturing process, contributes to an increase in cost;

- the use of sodium oleate complicates the manufacturing process, contributes to higher costs.

The objective of the invention is the creation of an inexpensive concentrate of cutting fluid, effective for any machining of metals.

The technical result from the use of the invention is to simplify production, reduce costs, pricing, improve environmental properties.

The problem is achieved in that in a concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for the mechanical processing of metals containing fat tars from waste oil and fat industry, an alkaline agent in the form of sodium hydroxide, lubricant in the form of liquid glass and water, the main substance is unsaponified waste oil and fat industry , additionally, the concentrate of the cutting fluid contains an antifoam liquid in the form of polymethylsiloxane fluid, the total amount of improving additives is not more than 3% of the count quality of the main substance, while the ratio of the components is as follows, in%: fat tars - 30, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) - 2.5-3.5, water glass - 0.5-1.0 (by dry residue), polymethylsiloxane liquid - 0.05-0.1, water - 64.4-66.95; alkaline agent is used in the form of a 30-40% solution of caustic soda; alkaline agent is used in the form of dry sodium hydroxide; sodium metasilicate is used as a lubricant; as a waste of the oil and fat industry, soap stocks of vegetable oils are used; as waste oil industry use Pancake week; primary fat tars are used as waste products from the oil and fat industry; as a waste oil industry use a mixture of various waste.

The problem is also achieved by the fact that in the method for producing a concentrate of cutting fluid for machining metals, which includes heating the main substance containing fatty tar from waste oil and fat industry, saponifying the tar with an alkaline agent - sodium hydroxide, adding an improving additive to the saponified tar with stirring - lubricants in the form of liquid glass, dilution of the obtained concentrate with water, characterized in that the unsaponified waste of ma of the stock industry, heating of the basic substance is carried out to a temperature of 25-52 ° C, after which the heated basic substance is loaded into a reactor in which the temperature of the loaded mass is brought to 102-107 ° C, and a saponification reaction is performed at a temperature of 102-107 ° C in for 60-90 min, then pumping the reaction mass into the rector-normalizer, diluting the reaction mass with hot water to the desired concentration, cooling the resulting emulsion to 80 ° C, adding an improving additive, additionally enter typical fluid in the form of polymethylsiloxane fluid, while the amount of improving additives is used not exceeding 3% of the amount of the basic substance, and the ratio of the components is used as follows, in%: tar oils - 30, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) - 2.5-3.5, water glass - 0.5-1.0 (by dry residue), polymethylsiloxane liquid - 0.05-0.1, water - 64.4-66.95; alkaline agent is used in the form of a 30-40% solution of caustic soda; alkaline agent is used in the form of dry sodium hydroxide; sodium metasilicate is used as a lubricant; as a waste of the oil and fat industry, soap stocks of vegetable oils are used; as waste oil industry use Pancake week; primary fat tars are used as waste products from the oil and fat industry; as a waste oil industry use a mixture of various waste.

Table 1 shows the main characteristics of the proposed concentrate cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals.

Table 2 shows the scope of the proposed concentrate cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals, depending on its concentration.

Tables 3 and 4 give examples of specific performance of a concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals.

The manufacture of a concentrate cutting fluid for machining metals of the proposed method is as follows.

The main substance in the form of unsaponifiable waste from the oil and fat industry, such as, for example, soap stocks of vegetable oils or tars, or Pancake week, or a mixture thereof, is heated to 25-52 ° C in a shipping container and loaded into a reactor at which the temperature loaded mass is adjusted to 102-107 ° C. The reactor is heated through a steam jacket with steam of at least 2 atm. Then, with stirring, an alkaline agent, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is introduced in the form, for example, of a 30-40% solution of caustic soda or in the form, for example, of dry sodium hydroxide. The reaction is carried out at a temperature of 102-107 ° C for 60-90 minutes. Then the reaction mass is pumped into the normalizer, where the resulting mass is diluted with hot water to the desired concentration. The resulting coolant emulsion is cooled to 80 ° C and, with stirring, the following additives are added: lubricant in the form of, for example, liquid glass or in the form of, for example, sodium metasilicate; foam stabilizing liquid in the form of, for example, polymethylsiloxane liquid. The amount of improving additives is used not exceeding 3% of the amount of the basic substance, and the ratio of the components is used as follows, in%:

- grease tars thirty - sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 2.5-3.5 - liquid glass 0.5-1.0 (by dry residue) - polymethylsiloxane liquid 0.05-0.1 - water 64.4-66.95.

Heating the basic substance to a temperature below 25 ° C reduces its fluidity, which prevents its further transfer to the reactor.

Heating the basic substance to a temperature above 52 ° C is not economically feasible.

When the content of sodium hydroxide is less than 2.5%, the emulsion of the coolant is unstable.

When the content of sodium hydroxide is more than 3.5%, the corrosiveness of the emulsion of the coolant increases with respect to the metal being treated.

A decrease in the content of water glass of less than 0.5% (by dry residue) leads to an increase in the coefficient of friction.

An increase in the content of liquid glass of more than 1.0% (by dry residue) reduces the stability of the emulsion to delamination.

A decrease in the content of polymethylsiloxane liquid of less than 0.05% does not have an effective effect.

An increase in the content of polymethylsiloxane liquid of more than 0.1% is not economically feasible.

The saponification reaction at a temperature below 102 ° C and a time of less than 60 minutes contributes to the incomplete saponification of free fatty acids, a change in the ratio of saponified and unsaponifiable acids, unsaponifiable triglycerides, which leads to a decrease in the quality of the emulsion.

The saponification reaction at a temperature above 107 ° C and a time of more than 90 minutes helps to increase the cost of the emulsion due to unreasonable energy costs.

The shelf life of the proposed concentrate is 12 months from the date of manufacture.

The proposed coolant concentrate (30% or more) is stored in a closed container at a temperature of + 30 ° C to -30 ° C.

The use of any unsaponifiable waste from the oil and fat industry helps to simplify manufacture, reduce costs, and increase the environmental properties of coolant concentrate for metal machining.

Improving the environmental properties of the proposed product also contributes to its 100% biodegradability and non-toxicity.

The use of antifoam liquid in the form of polymethylsiloxane liquid helps to reduce pricing and cost.

The use of improving additives in an amount not exceeding 3% of the amount of the basic substance helps to achieve a synergistic effect.

Table 1 The main characteristics of the concentrate cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals No. p / p The name of indicators Norm one. Color at a temperature of 18-25 ° C Light yellow to dark brown 2. Consistency at a temperature of 18-25 ° C From oily to solid 3. Smell Specific non-irritating four. Storage stability Withstands 5. Mass fraction of fatty and unsaponifiable acids,% not less 10.5% 6. Mass fraction of free caustic alkali,% no more 0.3 7. Acid number, mg KOH / G, not more than 158 8. pH of a soap solution with a mass fraction of 1% 8.0-10.0 9. Corrosion activity in relation to ferrous metals (“imprint” method) None (for 1-5% solution) 10. The tendency to pricing a 2% solution, cc 420

table 2 The scope of the concentrate cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals No. p / p % emulsion content Types of processing Processed materials one 1.5-3% Blade (turning, milling) processing, drilling, planing Cast iron, carbon and tool steels 2 3-5% and 5-7% Blade (turning, milling) machining, drilling on machine tools and automatic machines, individual operations when cutting threads (taps, dies, mills), gear shaping operations and pulling Cast iron, carbon alloyed, structural, stainless steels, non-ferrous metals and alloys 3 7-10% All types of blade processing on machine tools and automatic machines, including boring and rotary, finishing gear shaping, grinding operations (grinding, honing) Refractory, heat resistant steels, non-ferrous metals and titanium alloys

Table 3 The composition of the concentrate cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals No. p / p Component Example 1, kg Example 2 kg Example 3 kg one Soap Stock Vegetable Oil 1650 770 1000 2 Scrub oil 90 - fifty 3 Primary tars - 880 600 four Caustic soda 90 90 90 5 Water glass or sodium metasilicate thirty fifteen 5 6 Polymethylsilaxane Liquid 0.5 0.25 0.1 7 Water 139.5 244.75 254.9 8 total weight 2000 2000 2000

No. p / p Components % coolant content from tar soap 3% of the main substance 5% of the basic substance 10% of the main substance one. Soap stock of sunflower oil or primary tars 3 5 10 2. Sodium hydroxide 0.1 0.15 0.3 3. Water glass or sodium metasilicate 0.015 0,025 0.05 four. Polymethylsilaxane Liquid 0.015 0.0425 0,085 5. Water 96.87 94.78 89.56

Claims (16)

1. Concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for mechanical processing of metals, containing fat tars from waste oil and fat industry, an alkaline agent in the form of sodium hydroxide, lubricant in the form of liquid glass and water, characterized in that the main substance is unsaponifiable waste oil and fat industry, in addition, the coolant concentrate contains an antifoam liquid in the form of polymethylsiloxane fluid, the total amount of improving additives is not more than 3% of the amount of the main substances, while the ratio of components is as follows,%:
grease tars thirty sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 2.5-3.5 liquid glass 0.5-2.0 (by dry residue) polymethylsiloxane liquid 0.05-0.1 water 64.4-66.95 2. Concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkaline agent is used in the form of a 30-40% caustic soda solution. 3. Concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals according to claim 1, characterized in that the alkaline agent is used in the form of dry caustic soda. 4. Concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals according to claim 1, characterized in that sodium metasilicate is used as a lubricant. 5. Concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for the machining of metals according to claim 1, characterized in that as waste oil industry using soap stocks of vegetable oils. 6. Concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals according to claim 1, characterized in that as waste oil and fat industry use Pancake week fuz. 7. Concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for the mechanical processing of metals according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary fat tars are used as waste oil and fat industry. 8. Concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals according to claim 1, characterized in that as a waste oil industry using a mixture of various waste. 9. A method of obtaining a concentrate of cutting fluid for the mechanical processing of metals, including heating a basic substance containing fatty tars from waste oil and fat industry, saponifying the tar with an alkaline agent - sodium hydroxide, adding to the saponified tar with stirring an improving additive - lubricant in the form liquid glass, dilution of the obtained concentrate with water, characterized in that the unsaponified waste from the oil and fat industry is used as the main substance, heating the substances are carried out to a temperature of 25-52 ° C, after which the heated basic substance is loaded into a reactor in which the temperature of the loaded mass is brought to 102-107 ° C and the saponification reaction is carried out at a temperature of 102-107 ° C for 60-90 minutes, then the reaction mass is pumped into the normalization reactor, the reaction mass is diluted with hot water to the desired concentration, the emulsion is cooled to 80 ° C, the additive is added, an anti-foam liquid is additionally introduced in the form of polymethylsiloxane th liquid, while the amount of improving additives is used not exceeding 3% of the amount of the basic substance, and the ratio of components is used as follows,%:
grease tars thirty sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 2.5-3.5 liquid glass 0.5-2.0 (by dry residue) polymethylsiloxane liquid 0.05-0.1 water 64.4-66.95 10. A method of obtaining a concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals according to claim 9, characterized in that the alkaline agent is used in the form of a 30-40% caustic soda solution. 11. A method of obtaining a concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals according to claim 9, characterized in that the alkaline agent is used in the form of dry caustic soda. 12. A method of obtaining a concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals according to claim 9, characterized in that sodium metasilicate is used as a lubricant. 13. A method of obtaining a concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for the mechanical processing of metals according to claim 9, characterized in that soaps of vegetable oils are used as wastes of the oil and fat industry. 14. A method of obtaining a concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for the machining of metals according to claim 9, characterized in that as waste oil and fat industry use Pancake week fuser. 15. A method of obtaining a concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for the mechanical processing of metals according to claim 9, characterized in that the primary fat tars are used as waste oil and fat industry. 16. A method of obtaining a concentrate of cutting fluid (coolant) for machining metals according to claim 9, characterized in that as a waste oil industry using a mixture of various waste.