RU2367753C1 - Stashevsky's house - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns construction, particularly residential arctic house. Effect is achieved by house construction with annular ring cross-section, where greenhouses with transparent double glass frames are positioned along internal and external perimetre. Pneumatic loading and unloading devices for heat insulating bulk material are placed between the frames. Loading device features tank, feeding auger, fan connected to cyclone by pneumatic pipeline, and pipeline with lengthwise orifice in lower base. Siphon bottom is rotating and features counterbalance contacting microswitch, which is in turn connected to electric motors of fan and feeding auger. Unloading device is equipped with fan connected to chute over pipes installed in chute at sharp angle, and the pipes can be filled with heat insulating bulk material in dark time of day and in extremely cold weather and emptied during warm sunny weather to provide for natural lighting.

EFFECT: enhanced comfort of residential conditions, supply of self-produced fresh vegetables, grocery, flowers, maintenance of symbiotic gas exchange between apartment and greenhouse, reduced heat loss, improved natural lighting of rooms.

3 cl, 15 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of housing and communal services.

Residential multi-storey buildings are known, containing walls, roof, basement, windows, doors, apartments on several floors, porches with elevators, water pipes, steam or water heating, made with the possibility of protecting people from adverse climatic conditions (cold, heat of precipitation), It focuses the whole family life and parenting and is a place of rest and sleep for the whole family. A large role is given to the microclimate, the creation and maintenance of favorable temperature and humidity, and the natural and artificial lighting of the light climate (Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 2nd edition, v.16 from 156-159).

In extreme northern latitudes, it is not so much the low air temperature that affects the human activity as the wind.

In extreme northern latitudes, at atmospheric low temperatures, a person has a great need for exotic and fresh vegetables, fruits, herbs, flowers and the desire to cultivate them. To grow exotic vegetables, herbs, flowers near the apartment, unusual and not peculiar to this area.

Violation of the microclimate conditions leads to physiological shifts that reduce the body's resistance to infections, adversely affects the thermoregulatory functions of a person, the body ceases to respond to meteorological and cold stimuli, and resistance to colds is reduced.

Unfavorable living conditions, crowding, crowding contribute to the development of rheumatism and tuberculosis and the spread of infectious diseases, cause tension thermoregulation, violation of thermal balance, contribute to poor health and other disorders of the physiological functions of the body.

The aim of the invention is:

- improve the comfortable living conditions of human activities;

- provide the population with fresh vegetables, herbs and flowers of their own production throughout the year in a hydroponic way;

- create symbiosis - gas exchange between the apartment and the greenhouse, human waste products - warm air saturated with carbon dioxide CO ₂ for breathing plants in greenhouses, and fresh air saturated with oxygen for breathing people;

- reduce heat loss in rooms;

- improve the natural lighting of the greenhouse;

- create a recreation area in an oasis with artificial climatic conditions among exotic vegetation, vegetables, fruits, flowers, greens in each family, next to an apartment in extreme northern latitudes in severe climatic conditions;

- expand technological capabilities;

- increase population density by 1 ha with a relatively small percentage of the development of the territory;

- bring vegetable growth closer in time and space.

This goal is achieved in that the house in the longitudinal section is made in the form of round or oval, square, rhomboid, polygonal rings or spirals, other houses with streets of similar shapes are located coaxially or parallel to it, made to protect the inner ring houses from the chilling cold wind. On the inner and outer perimeter of the house in each apartment there are greenhouses equipped with transparent glass windows, between the glass windows there are cavities equipped with pneumatic loading and unloading devices and a filler - foam balls. The unloading device is equipped with a hopper, a gate valve, a chute, the chute is connected to the fan using nozzles installed at an acute angle to the horizontal surface of the groove, and the loading devices are equipped with a fan connected to the cyclone by means of a pneumatic discharge pipe and a pipe containing a longitudinal hole in the lower base made with the possibility in the dark and in severe frosts of filling cavities with foam balls and removing them when setting the sun th weather. Each greenhouse is connected to the living room by an electric fan. Made with the possibility of improving gas exchange, the supply of warm air saturated with carbon dioxide from the room to the greenhouse, and cool air saturated with oxygen from the greenhouse to the room. In the basement and on the roof are conical containers for nutrient solution. They are connected through a water supply system and an electric pump on the one hand, and on the other hand they are connected to polymer trays filled with a substrate, connected by means of pipes and a supply and drain water supply system equipped with solenoid valves, which are connected to a time relay by an electric circuit. Tanks and trays are equipped with liquid level controllers, made in the form of a float chamber and a float equipped with a permanent magnet in contact with reed switches, which are connected to a time relay or an electric pump. Made with the possibility of feeding the nutrient solution into the trays after a period of time to create a nutritional regime of the root system of plants. The houses are interconnected by means of radial flyovers, made with the possibility of convenience and acceleration of the movement of the population and reduce the distance of transitions.

Between the foundation and the belt of the house there are nests containing steel or cast-iron balls or rollers, made with the possibility of improving the earthquake resistance of the house.

The novelty of the claimed technical solution in comparison with the known ones is due to the fact that due to the construction of the house made in the cross section in the form of rings or spirals, the inner ring houses are protected from the movement of the flow of the chilling cold wind in the horizontal direction from all sides, while saving energy for space heating.

Due to the double windows, equipped with pneumatic loading and unloading devices and a heater in the form of light foam balls, it is possible to reduce heat loss and improve the insulation of rooms at night and in severe frost and improve the natural lighting of greenhouses in the daytime.

Due to the gas exchange between the greenhouse and the living rooms, symbiosis is ensured - gas exchange, the supply of warm air saturated with carbon dioxide from the room to the greenhouse for plant respiration, and cool fresh air saturated with oxygen from the greenhouse to the room for people to breathe.

By connecting houses in several places with radial overpasses, convenience and acceleration of the movement of the population into their apartments is ensured and the distance of the crossings is reduced.

Due to the multivariate house designs, technological capabilities are expanding.

Due to the location of ring or spiral multi-storey buildings, an increase in population density by 1 square kilometer with a small building area is provided.

Due to the greenhouses equipped with a hydroponic system, the population is provided with fresh vegetables, fruits, herbs, flowers throughout the whole year of their own production, a recreation area is created in your own apartment in an oasis among exotic vegetation with artificial microclimate in the extreme northern latitudes in severe climatic conditions.

By installing a belt between the walls of the house and the foundation, equipped with nests, steel or cast iron balls or rollers, the earthquake resistance of houses is improved.

In a patent study of the claimed technical solution for patent, scientific, scientific and technical materials, such a combination of features was not found that allows us to judge the novelty and materiality of the claimed features.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a cross section of a circular circular house with greenhouses located on the outer and inner perimeter of the house.

In Fig.2 - the same, with a greenhouse located between the apartments.

Figure 3 is the same, square ring house with a greenhouse located on the outer and outer perimeter of the house.

Figure 4 - the same, with a greenhouse located between the apartments.

Figure 5 is the same, rhomboid ring house.

In Fig.6 - the same multifaceted ring house.

In Fig.7 - a rectangular annular house with a greenhouse along the edges of the house.

In Fig.8 shows the equipment of an apartment building.

Figure 9 shows a diagram of a spiral house with greenhouses.

On figa shows a diagram of an oval house with greenhouses.

Figure 10 shows the facade of a multi-storey building with a greenhouse located inside the building.

11,15 - shows a house in cross section.

On Fig - shows the device of a pneumatic loader and unloader.

On Fig - the same, the second option.

On Fig shows a diagram of a device hydroponic installation.

The house contains walls 1, roof dome 2, basement 3, windows 4, doors 5, apartments 6 on several floors, room 7, staircase with elevators 8, kitchen 9, toilet 10, bath 11, water supply, gas pipeline, steam and water heating . The house in longitudinal section is made in the form of round 12 or oval 13, squares 14, rectangular, rhomboid 15, polygonal 16 rings, other houses with streets of a similar shape are located coaxially or parallel to it, made with the possibility of protecting the inner ring houses from the chilling, cold wind. It can be arranged in the form of a spiral 17. Between the houses there are streets 18. On the inner and outer perimeter of the house in each apartment 6 there are greenhouses 19 equipped with transparent glass double windows 4. Between the windows 4 there are insulation cavities equipped with pneumatic loading and unloading devices ( Fig. 12). The loading device is equipped with a feed screw 20 containing an electric motor 21, a cone hopper 22, a pneumatic discharge pipe 23, an electric fan 24 and a pipe 25. The pipe 25 located in the upper base of the cavity between the double windows 4 contains a longitudinal slot in the lower base, the pipe in the end of the line and connected to the cyclone 26. The pneumatic unloading device is equipped with a groove 31, an electric blade fan 24. The grooves are connected to the electric fan 24 with a pat ubkov set at an acute angle to the longitudinal axis of the trough 31. The feeding device may be arranged in the second embodiment. The second option (Fig.13) is the same as the first option, differs from it in that the pneumatic pipe 23 is connected to the cyclone 26. In the pipe 25 there is a distribution screw 27 equipped with an electric motor 28, a spring-loaded washer diaphragm 29 and a micro switch 30. Unloading the device is equipped with a groove 31, in which the discharge screw 32 is located. The screw 32 contains an electric motor 33. Under the hole in the groove 31 there is a cavity between the double windows. Made with the possibility of loading bulk heat-insulating material having low thermal conductivity, in the form of foam balls at night and severe frosts and filling cavities with lightweight foam balls using a fan 24 and a discharge pipe 23 of the distribution screw 27 provided with an electric motor 28, and removing them when the help of the unloading screw 32 of the electric motor 33. Each greenhouse 19 is connected to the living room 7 of apartment 6 with the help of a window, and door 5, and a fan 35. ying to supply warm air saturated with carbon dioxide, out of the room 7 flats 6 in the greenhouse 19, and cool air, saturated with oxygen from the greenhouse 19 into the room 7, the establishment of symbiotic - gas exchange. At the same time, in each apartment 6 and greenhouse 19, a recreation area is created, each person, on any day of the year after a hard day, can relax in an oasis among exotic vegetation, among vegetables, fruits, flowers cultivated hydroponically, in a greenhouse in an artificial microclimate in extreme northern latitudes in severe climatic conditions, where the temperature is low, there are severe, severe, icy frosts, white snow is everywhere, the plain, the road, the tops of the ridges are covered with snow. A container 36 is located under the dome of the roof 2, it is connected via a water supply 37 to a capacity 38 (located in the basement) through polymer trays 40 located in the greenhouse 19 on one side, connected to the water supply 41 and an electric pump 42. The trays 40 are filled with a solid substrate, not nutritionally significant in water, for example river sand, gravel, gravel, glass wool and others, and a nutrient solution. On the other side of the tank 36 is connected to the trays 40 using the feed 37 and drain 46 water supply and pipes. Each feed water supply 37 has a solenoid valve 39 connected to a time relay 43 by an electric circuit. They are made with the possibility of closing the electric circuit in the solenoid valve 39 using a time relay 43 for supplying the nutrient solution from the tank 36 to the polymer tray 40 after a period of time and holding the set liquid level using the float 50 installed in the float chamber 49. At each end of the tray 40 installed lattice 45, is configured to filter the liquid. Behind the grate 45 under the tray 40, a solenoid valve 47 is mounted on the drain water pipe 46, connected to the time relay 44 by an electric circuit. Made with the possibility of closing the electrical circuit in the drain solenoid valve 47, removing the nutrient solution after a period of time. Plant nutrition is obtained from the nutrient solution surrounding the root system. Hydroponics allows you to adjust the growing conditions of plants, creating nutrition for the root system, to fully meet the needs of plants in nutrients in an artificial environment without soil, to regulate air temperature, humidity, light intensity and duration, and the supply of carbon dioxide. To create optimal conditions for the growth and development of plants, ensuring very high yields of the best quality in a short time. Hydroponic cultivation of plants is less time-consuming than in soil cultivation, water and nutrients are spent sparingly. The supply of nutrient solution is easily automated. Weed control disappears. Hydroponics is used for growing cucumbers, tomatoes, flowers, herbs (parsley, salads) and tropical plants. The composition of the nutrient solution is differentiated depending on the type of plants, age, as well as external environmental factors (air temperature, root temperature, relative air humidity and others. The nutrient solution includes salts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements (Ca, Mg, Fe, B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo) The concentration of the nutrient solution for water crops is about 6 mmol / l, for gravel crops about 30 mmol / l, for aeroponics it is slightly higher.

Tanks 36 and trays 40 are equipped with a liquid level regulator 48, made in the form of a float chamber 49 and a float 50, equipped with a permanent magnet 51 in contact with reed switches 52 and 53, which are connected to a time relay 43 or an electric pump 42 using an electric circuit. Reed switch 52 works to open the electric circuit, and reed switch 53 works to close the electric circuit

Growing plants without soil is possible in the second way. The second method is the same as the first, differs from it in that the plants are fed with nutrients by periodically spraying the roots of the plants with a nutrient solution every 10-20 minutes. With this method, the minimum amount of nutrient solution is consumed and the weight of the equipment of the plants is reduced.

Growing plants without soil is possible in a third way. The third method is the same as the first, differs from the first and second method in that the plants can be grown in aquatic cultures, where 1/3 of the root system must be constantly in the nutrient solution.

The houses are interconnected by means of radial trestles 54. They are made with the possibility of convenience and acceleration of the movement of the population to their apartments and reduce the distance of transitions. Between the foundation 55 and the walls 1 of the house there is a belt 56 containing sockets 57 and steel or cast iron balls 58 or rollers. Made with the possibility of improving the earthquake resistance of the house. One or several tunnels 59 are installed under the house, equipped with gates 60, made with the possibility of access to the entrance of the apartment by truck or car. Each apartment 6 consists of one or several rooms 7, kitchen 9, bathroom 11, toilet 10 and may have the following equipment: sectional cabinet 61 for outerwear, coffee table 62, sofa 63 and chair 64, TV 65, dining table 66, sliding partitions 67, set of kitchen equipment 68, bookcases 69, built-in closets 70, beds 71, cot 72, washing machine 73. The bottom 74 of the cyclone 26 is equipped with a counterweight 75. The counterweight 75 is in contact with the microswitch 76 and opens the electric circuit supplying the electric motor 21 pit body screw 20 and electric fan 24.

The device operates as follows. Before the construction of the house, research and geological work is carried out to study the soil, groundwater, and slope of the terrain. On a panel transporter, panels of walls, partitions, and ceilings are brought from the factory. Installers, electric welders fasten them together. First, they put wall panels and partition panels that divide the area of the house into separate rooms, then they put long slabs of floors that form the floor and ceiling. When the assembly of one floor ends, the assembly of the other floor begins, so they build a house step by step. Along the way, they mount the stairs, put window blocks with bindings in a wooden box. Then reinforced concrete slabs are laid. Roofers make a roof on the top floor. Floors are laid, walls are faced with white ceramic tiles in bathrooms, all the cracks of windows, doors, between plates and ceilings are closed. Locksmiths lay pipes of water supply, heating, gas, sewage, put radiators. Electricians make wiring. Molars paint windows, doors, whitewash ceilings, wallpaper the walls. Parquet flooring. Locksmiths put washbasins, bathtubs and other plumbing fixtures. Electricians suspend cartridges to wires and turn on electric current.

The microclimate in the rooms of apartments of a multi-storey apartment building is supported by steam or water heating or electric heating elements equipped with a temperature controller. In winter, when bad weather rages in the extreme northern latitudes, the outer ring of the house blocks the flow of chilling, cold air from all sides in a horizontal direction and does not allows its movement to inner ring houses, while thermal energy is saved on heating the rooms of apartments of circular inner houses mov. At night, they close the electric circuit that feeds the electric motors 21 of the feed screw 20, the electric fan 24. In this case, the feed screw 20 rotates with the help of the electric motor 21, it feeds a certain portion of granular foam material in the form of balls, the fan creates a large air flow and moves light bulk material in the pipeline 25 through the discharge pipe 25, bulk material under the influence of its own weight pours out through the slot 25 and fills the entire volume in the cavity between the windows Ami 4, creating reliable thermal insulation of the greenhouse.

The boot device can be performed in the second embodiment. The second option is the same as the first option, it differs from it in that the loading of light bulk material is carried out in a cyclone 26, where the suspended solids are automatically cleaned, then the bulk material is moved by means of a distribution screw 27 along the entire pipeline 25. As the bulk material moves to the uppermost base, the bulk material gradually overlaps the longitudinal slot in the pipe 25 on both sides, forming a bottom along which it moves along the pipe 25 in two directions from the receiving chamber Era. As soon as the insulating material moves to the end of the pipe 25, it compresses the spring-loaded washer 29 with its mass. The spring-loaded washer 29 contacts the microswitch 30. The microswitch 30 opens the electric circuit supplying the electric motors 28, 21 of the distribution 27 and the feeding of 20 augers and electric fan 24. Supply bulk material ceases. The insulation material has low thermal conductivity, creates reliable thermal insulation of the window from the external environment, where a cold chilling wind blows, protecting plants from death, maintaining an optimal artificial microclimate in the greenhouse. In sunny weather, when the air temperature is 1-3 ° C, open the valves 34 and close the electric circuit supplying the electric motor 33 of the unloading auger 32. The auger 32 moves bulk material through the opening 31 into the hopper 22. After unloading, we open the electric circuit supplying the electric motor 33 of the screw 32 and close the valve 34. Further, all operations are repeated. After unloading bulk material, transparent windows create good natural lighting for greenhouses. In addition to natural lighting, artificial lighting is produced using electric lighting lamps. Adjust the intensity and duration of lighting in the greenhouse. Gas is exchanged between the greenhouse and the rooms of the apartment with the help of an electric fan 35 through the doors 5 and the window vents 4. At the same time, warm air saturated with carbon dioxide moves from rooms 7 of apartment 6 to greenhouse 19, and cool fresh oxygen-saturated air moves from the greenhouse 19 in rooms 7 of apartment 6, a symbiosis is created.

Qualitative and chemical composition of the nutrient solution for the nutrition of each species, taking into account the vegetation of plants, is prepared centrally by chemists according to the recipe that meets the plant's needs for nutrients, and placed in separate containers in the basement. For cucumbers, tomatoes, flowers, there should be separate containers and a separate water supply. The duties of each resident of the house include planting seedlings, tying plants to the trellis, adjusting temperature, air humidity, the intensity and duration of plant lighting, taking into account natural light, and harvesting from your plot of the greenhouse.

Polymer trays 40 filled with a substrate (gravel, crushed stone, river sand), tanks 36 are filled with a nutrient solution prepared according to special recipes. The nutrient solution includes salts of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, Ca, Mg, Fe, B, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo. We close the electric circuit supplying the feeding solenoid valve 39, the time relay 43 and 44. The solenoid valve 39 is opened, and the nutrient solution fills the trays 40 between the substrate. The maintenance of the liquid level in the trays 40 is provided automatically using the liquid level controller 48. When filling the tray 40, the float 50 floats in the float chamber 49 and moves from bottom to top. When moving, the permanent magnet 51 interacts with the reed switch 52. The reed switch 52 opens the electric circuit supplying the feeding solenoid valve 39. The solenoid valve 39 closes the hole in the valve, the supply of the nutrient solution is stopped. Seedlings are planted in the substrate: vegetables, flowers. After a period of time, the time relay 44 is activated and closes the electric circuit supplying the drain solenoid valve 47. The liquid from the trays 40 through the drain water pipe 46 is gravity removed to a container 36 located in basement 3 or into the sewer system. After a period of time, the time relay 44 operates and closes the electric circuit supplying the supply solenoid valve 39 and the time relay 43, and opens the drain solenoid valve 47. In this case, the drain valve 47 closes and opens the supply solenoid valve 39. The nutrient solution is again moved from the tank 36 to tray 40. Next, all operations are repeated. As soon as the liquid level in the tank 36 moves to the bottom, the float 50 moves to the bottom and with a permanent magnet 51 interacts with the reed switch 53. The reed switch 53 closes the electric circuit supplying the electric pump 42. The electric pump 42 moves the prepared nutrient solution according to the recipes from the tank 28 from the basement under the roof dome into the tank 36. As soon as the liquid level is filled to a predetermined level, the float 50 floats in the float chamber 49 and the permanent magnet 51 interacts with the reed switch 52. The reed switch 52 opens the electric circuit, a flowing electric pump 42. The water supply to the tank 36 is interrupted. Further, all operations are repeated. The houses are interconnected by means of radial trestles 54, made with the possibility of convenience and accelerate the movement of the population and reduce the distance of transitions. Between the foundation 55 and the walls 1 of the house a belt 56 is installed, equipped with sockets 57 and cast-iron or steel balls 58 or rollers, made with the possibility of improving the earthquake resistance of the house.

Growing plants without soil in a greenhouse can be done in the second way. The second method is the same as the first, differs from it in that the supply of plants with nutrients is carried out by periodically spraying the root system with a nutrient solution every 10-20 minutes. With this method, the minimum amount of nutrient solution is consumed. The lack of substrate reduces the mass of plants for growing plants.

Growing plants without soil can be done in the third option. The third option is the same as the first option, differs from the first and second options in that the plants are grown without soil in aquatic cultures, where 1/3 of the root system is in a nutrient solution.

Residential building can be made in the second embodiment. The second option is the same as the first option, differs from it in that the greenhouses are located between annular or spirally located apartments (in the center of the house) only with artificial lighting.

The house can be made in the third option, the third option is the same as the first option, differs from it in that inside the territory enclosed by a multi-storey ring house, there are rectilinear or P- or G-, T-shaped houses, protected from all sides from cold chilling horizontal wind.

Repeated or repeated use of the nutrient solution can be done only after its complete disinfection using sterilization in order to destroy live microorganisms of spores, bacteria and prevent plants from becoming infected with diseases. In this case, an analysis of the nutrient solution is taken, the quantitative content of chemicals is studied. They calculate how much it is necessary to add each chemical element of substances to the nutrient solution so that it matches all the parameters of the nutrient solution, differentiated depending on the type of plant and age. Then make the necessary chemical elements of substances for the complete normalization of the nutrient solution. In the greenhouse, the necessary temperature regime, the necessary humidity and the intensity of illumination of the plants and the maintenance of the proper temperature in the root layer are maintained.

The house can be made in the fourth version, the fourth version is the same as 1-3 options, differs from them in that it is deepened in the ground, made in the underground version and is located below the ground level, overpasses 54 and transparent floors, made with the possibility of protection from cold and wind using soil.

Claims (3)

1. Residential Arctic house containing walls, roof, basement, windows, doors, apartments on several floors, porches with elevators, water supply, gas pipeline, steam or water heating, characterized in that the house in cross section is made in the form of a circular ring, according to the inner and outer perimeters of which are greenhouses equipped with transparent glass double frames, between which pneumatic loading and unloading devices of bulk heat-insulating material are located, the loading device is equipped with a hopper, pi auger screw, a fan connected to the cyclone by means of a pneumatic pipe and a pipe containing a longitudinal hole in the lower base, the bottom of the siphon is made rotatable and provided with a counterweight that is in contact with the micro switch, it is connected to the electric motors of the fan and the feeding screw, the unloading device is equipped with a fan, connected to the gutter by means of nozzles installed in the gutter at an acute angle of inclination, made with the possibility in the dark and are strong frosts filling cavities with bulk heat-insulating material, and when warm sunny weather is established - removing them and creating natural lighting, each greenhouse is connected to the rooms of the apartment by a fan, made with the possibility of improving the gas exchange of air between the greenhouse and the rooms, supplying warm air saturated with carbon dioxide from the room to the greenhouse, and cool air saturated with oxygen - from the greenhouse to the room, in the basement and under the roof dome are containers for nutrient solution, they interconnected by means of a water supply system and an electric pump, on the one hand, and on the other hand, they are connected through polymer trays filled with a substrate, by means of supply and drain water pipes equipped with solenoid taps, a timer, and liquid level controllers, tanks and trays are equipped with a regulator liquid level, made in the form of float chambers and floats, equipped with a permanent magnet in contact with reed switches located at different levels, which are connected to a timer or electric they pump with an electric circuit adapted to feed a nutrient solution through a period of time to create a diet root system of plants, homes are interconnected by radial racks arranged to comfort and speed of displacement and the reduction of the distance between transitions. 2. The house according to claim 1, characterized in that inside it can be located houses of different geometric shapes: straight, P, T, L-shaped or ring. 3. The house according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading and unloading devices are equipped with screws containing a drive.

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