RU236616U1 - COMBINED SOIL CULTIVATION UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture. A combined soil-cultivating unit comprises a frame with longitudinal and transverse bars, on which racks with convex-concave disks with recesses installed with the possibility of rotation are fixed in paired rows across the entire capture width. The disks are installed with the possibility of adjusting the angle of attack and depth. The disks are installed on the frame in a staggered manner. The recesses are made in the form of a semicircle and are located along the periphery of the disk with an equal angular pitch. A roller attachment is installed behind the convex-concave disks, containing loosening and leveling rollers, an H-shaped frame, brackets and rods. A nut and a spring are installed on each rod. The loosening roller contains an axle on which lateral and intermediate disks are mounted at equal intervals. Along the periphery of the side and intermediate disks, horizontally oriented sharpened cutting elements are tangentially mounted, having a rectangular cross-section and a tip directed in the direction of rotation of the roller. The cutting elements are located at an acute angle with respect to the axis of rotation of the roller and are rigidly connected in pairs by one of the ends along the axis of symmetry of the roller at the apex of the connection, and the distance between the blades of the cutting elements does not exceed the maximum size of soil lumps specified by the agrotechnical requirements for sowing. The leveling roller contains an axis on which disc knives are uniformly mounted, the periphery of which is made in a wave-like shape and sharpened on both sides. The tops of the waves of each adjacent disc knife are located along a helical line, and the helical line starts from the axis of symmetry of the roller and extends to the ends of the roller. The distance between the blades of the disc knives does not exceed the maximum size of the soil lumps specified by the agrotechnical requirements for sowing, and the minimum distance between the rollers exceeds the maximum distance of the first row roller throwing soil. This ensures an increase in the quality of soil cultivation. 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to tools for surface tillage.

A combined soil-cultivating unit is known [Patent RU No. 210707, A01 B 49/02; A01 B 21/08, published 04/29/2022, Bull. No. 13], comprising a frame with longitudinal and transverse beams, on which racks with convex-concave disks with recesses installed with the possibility of rotation are fixed across the entire width of the grip in paired rows, wherein the disks are installed with the possibility of adjusting the angle of attack and depth, characterized in that the disks are installed on the frame in a staggered pattern, the recesses are made in the form of a semicircle and are located along the periphery of the disk with an equal angular step, a roller attachment is installed behind the convex-concave disks, containing loosening and leveling rollers, an H-shaped frame, brackets and rods, a nut and a spring are installed on each rod, loosening and leveling rollers. However, the known unit has a drawback, which can include unsatisfactory quality of surface soil treatment.

The technical result of the utility model is an improvement in the quality of soil cultivation. The specified technical result is achieved in that a combined soil-cultivating unit comprising a frame with longitudinal and transverse bars on which racks with convex-concave disks with recesses installed with the possibility of rotation are fixed in paired rows across the entire width of the grip, wherein the disks are installed with the possibility of adjusting the angle of attack and depth, characterized in that the disks are installed on the frame in a staggered pattern, the recesses are made in the form of a semicircle and are located along the periphery of the disk with an equal angular step, a roller attachment is installed behind the convex-concave disks, containing loosening and leveling rollers, an H-shaped frame, brackets and rods, a nut and a spring are installed on each rod, the loosening roller contains an axis on which lateral and intermediate disks are mounted at equal intervals, horizontally oriented sharpened cutting elements, having a rectangular cross-section and a tip directed in the direction of rotation of the roller, wherein the cutting elements are located at an acute angle with respect to the axis of rotation of the roller and are rigidly connected in pairs by one of the ends along the axis of symmetry of the roller at the apex of the connection, and the distance between the blades of the cutting elements does not exceed the maximum size of soil lumps specified by the agrotechnical requirements for sowing, the leveling roller contains an axis on which disc knives are uniformly mounted, the periphery of which is made in a wave-shaped form and sharpened on both sides, wherein the peaks of the waves of each adjacent disc knife are located along a helical line, and the helical line starts from the axis of symmetry of the roller and extends to the ends of the roller, the distance between the blades of the disc knives does not exceed the maximum size of soil lumps specified by the agrotechnical requirements for sowing, and the minimum distance between the rollers exceeds the maximum range of soil throwing by the first row roller.

Brief description of the drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a combined soil-cultivating unit, side view.

Fig. 2 shows a combined soil-cultivating unit, top view.

Fig. 3 shows the roller attachment, top view.

The following is indicated on the figures: 1 - frame; 2 - longitudinal beam; 3 - cross beam; 4 - post; 5 - disk; 6 - movable frame; 7 - support wheel; 8 - hydraulic cylinder; 9 - screw pair; 10 - adjustment beam; 11 - roller attachment; 12 - loosening roller; 13 - leveling roller; 14 - H-shaped frame; 15 - bracket; 16 - rod; 17 - nut; 18 - spring; 19, 23 - axles; 20 - side disk; 21 - intermediate disk; 22 - cutting elements; 24 - disk knives.

Implementation of a utility model.

The combined tillage unit comprises a frame 1 consisting of longitudinal 2 and transverse 3 bars, on which racks 4 with discs 5 of a convex-concave shape with recesses installed with the possibility of rotation are fixed in paired rows across the entire width of the tillage unit. The discs 5 are installed with the possibility of adjusting the angle of attack and depth. The discs 5 are installed on the frame 1 in a staggered manner. The recesses are made in the form of a semicircle and are located along the periphery of the disc 5 with an equal angular step.

On the frame 1 of the combined soil-cultivating unit, a movable frame 6 with support wheels 7 and a hydraulic cylinder 8 are pivotally mounted. The hydraulic cylinder 8 is connected at one end to the frame 1 of the combined soil-cultivating unit, and at the other end to the movable frame 6. By means of the hydraulic cylinder 8, the combined soil-cultivating unit is transferred to the working or transport position. By means of screw pairs 9, connected to the adjustment beams 10, which are connected to the racks 4 of the disks 5, the required angle of attack of the disks 5 to the direction of movement of the combined soil-cultivating unit is set.

A roller attachment 11 is installed behind the disks 5, containing rollers of the loosening 12 and leveling 13 types, an H-shaped frame 14, brackets 15 and rods 16. A nut 17 and a spring 18 are installed on each rod 16.

The loosening roller of the 12 type comprises an axis 19 on which the side 20 and intermediate 21 disks are mounted at equal intervals. Along the periphery of the side 20 and intermediate 21 disks, horizontally oriented sharpened cutting elements 22 are tangentially mounted, having a rectangular cross-section and with their tip directed in the direction of rotation of the roller 12. The cutting elements 22 are located at an acute angle a with respect to the axis of rotation of the roller 12 and are rigidly connected in pairs by one of the ends along the axis of symmetry of the roller 12 at the apex of the connection, and the distance between the blades of the cutting elements 22 does not exceed the maximum size of the soil lumps specified by the agrotechnical requirements for sowing.

The leveling roller 13 contains an axis 23, on which disc knives 24 are uniformly mounted, the periphery of which is made in a wave-like shape and sharpened on both sides. The tops of the waves of each adjacent disc knife 24 are located along a helical line, and the helical line starts from the axis of symmetry of the roller 13 and extends to the ends of the roller 13, and the distance between the blades of the disc knives 24 does not exceed the maximum size of the soil lumps specified by the agrotechnical requirements for sowing. The minimum distance between the rollers 12 and 13 exceeds the maximum range of soil throwing by the roller 6 of the first row.

The combined soil-cultivating unit operates as follows.

The pre-combined soil-cultivating unit is coupled to the tractor, the disks 5 are arranged on the frame 1 in a checkerboard pattern in paired rows and connected to the frame 1 by the posts 4. The required depth of soil cultivation by the disks 5 and their angles of attack are set. By tightening or loosening the nuts 17 located on the rods 16 of the roller attachment 11, the necessary compression or extension of the springs 18 is achieved, thereby regulating the pressure of the roller attachment 11 on the soil.

When the combined soil-cultivating unit moves, the discs 5, which are convex-concave in shape with recesses made in the form of a semicircle and located along the periphery of the disc 5 with an equal angular pitch, intensively cut into the soil and loosen it with simultaneous rotation.

The rotating loosening roller of type 12 copies the relief of the field surface and cuts lumps of soil and plant residues in the transverse direction with cutting elements 22.

The leveling roller 13, rotating on the soil, also copies the relief of the field surface and, when rotating, with the double-sided sharpened wave-shaped surface of the disc knives 24 in the longitudinal direction, intensively mulches the unbroken lumps of soil.

The installation of disks 5 on frame 1 in a checkerboard pattern in paired rows allows the soil to be processed without defects (unprocessed strips) due to the overlap of disks 5 in each row.

Making notches on disk 5 in the form of a semicircle and arranging them along the periphery of disk 5 with an equal angular pitch allows disk 5 to penetrate into the soil layer with the least expenditure of energy and loosen the soil with the best quality.

The presence of a type 12 loosening roller allows not only to destroy soil lumps remaining after the passage of disks 5 with high quality, but also to loosen the top layer of soil to the required depth.

The presence of a leveling roller of type 13 allows not only to crush the lumps of soil remaining on the surface of the field after the disks 5, but also to loosen the top layer of soil to the required depth, prevent the evaporation of moisture from the soil and the formation of cracks in the surface of the field.

The presence of rods 16 with nuts 17 and springs 18 allows the loosening 12 and leveling 13 type rollers, when they rotate, to copy the relief of the field surface and, accordingly, to evenly affect the soil.

Tangential installation with equal spacing of sharpened cutting elements 22 along the periphery of the side 20 and intermediate 21 disks, as well as the arrangement of cutting elements 22 horizontally oriented relative to the axis 19 of the roller 12 ensures cutting of lumps of soil and plant residues on the surface of the field with the entire cutting edge of the cutting elements 22.

The arrangement of the cutting elements 22 in relation to the axis of rotation of the roller 12 at an acute angle α and the paired rigid connection of the cutting elements 22 along the axis of symmetry of the roller 12 at the apex of the connection ensures uniform penetration of the cutting elements into the soil and eliminates “jumping of the roller 12.

Double-sided sharpening of rectangular cutting elements 22 and the wave-shaped surface of disc knives 24 allows for high-quality cutting of not only lumps of soil on the surface of the field, but also plant residues remaining after harvesting previous crops in the vertical and horizontal directions.

The installation of side 20 and intermediate 21 disks on the axis 19 at equal intervals makes it possible to eliminate the deflection of the cutting elements 22 towards the axis 19 when they interact with hard lumps on the soil surface.

The wavy, double-sided sharpened shape of the disc knives 24 allows to eliminate the "pushing out" of lumps of soil and plant residues between the surface of the cutting edge and the surface of the field, and to ensure their cutting. The arrangement of the wave tops of each adjacent disc knife 24 along a helical line, wherein the helical line starts from the axis of symmetry of the roller 13 and extends to the ends of the roller 13, also ensures uniform penetration of the disc knives 24 into the soil and eliminates "jumping of the roller 13.

Ensuring a minimum distance between rollers 12 and 13 greater than the maximum range of soil ejection by roller 12 of the first row makes it possible to eliminate the “flight” of destroyed soil lumps over roller 13, thereby ensuring maximum processing quality.

The use of a combined tillage unit improves the quality of soil cultivation, improves the water regime and air conditions for the subsequent development of crops. In addition, several technological operations are performed in one pass of the tillage unit, which reduces the loss of soil moisture.

Claims (1)

A combined tillage unit comprising a frame with longitudinal and transverse bars on which racks with convex-concave disks with recesses mounted with the possibility of rotation are fixed across the entire width of the grip in paired rows, wherein the disks are mounted with the possibility of adjusting the angle of attack and depth, characterized in that the disks are mounted on the frame in a staggered pattern, the recesses are made in the form of a semicircle and are located along the periphery of the disk with an equal angular pitch, a roller attachment is mounted behind the convex-concave disks, containing loosening and leveling rollers, an H-shaped frame, brackets and rods, a nut and a spring are mounted on each rod, the loosening roller contains an axis on which lateral and intermediate disks are mounted at equal intervals, horizontally oriented sharpened cutting elements are tangentially mounted along the periphery of the lateral and intermediate disks, in the transverse having a rectangular cross-section and a tip directed in the direction of rotation of the roller, wherein the cutting elements are located at an acute angle with respect to the axis of rotation of the roller and are rigidly connected in pairs by one of the ends along the axis of symmetry of the roller at the apex of the connection, and the distance between the blades of the cutting elements does not exceed the maximum size of soil lumps specified by the agrotechnical requirements for sowing, the leveling roller contains an axis on which disc knives are uniformly mounted, the periphery of which is made in a wave-like shape and sharpened on both sides, wherein the tops of the waves of each adjacent disc knife are located along a helical line, and the helical line starts from the axis of symmetry of the roller and extends to the ends of the roller, the distance between the blades of the disc knives does not exceed the maximum size of soil lumps specified by the agrotechnical requirements for sowing, and the minimum distance between the rollers exceeds the maximum range of soil throwing by the first row roller.