RU236551U1 - Device for monitoring wave-like wear of rails - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of railway engineering. A device for monitoring wave-like wear of rails comprises a track-speed sensor (7) connected to an electronic data processing unit and measuring sensors mounted on a supporting beam (4), arranged to ensure the possibility of monitoring the surface of the rail (6) when the device moves along the rail (6), and a centering unit. It also comprises a base beam (1) made to ensure the possibility of fastening to axle boxes (2) of running wheels (3) of a wagon bogie. The supporting beam (4) is mounted on the base beam (1) by means of hinge-parallelogram mechanisms (5) fixed to its ends, ensuring the possibility of their rotation across the rail (6). The measuring sensors are made in the form of triangulation laser sensors (8), their number is selected to be four. The centering unit is made in the form of two pairs of magnets (9), in each of which the magnets (9) are located symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the supporting beam (4) and are fixed at its corresponding end. This design of the device ensures an increase in its operational efficiency. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of railway transport technology, and more specifically to rail track diagnostic devices, and can be used to monitor the longitudinal profile of the rolling surface of the rail head.

To ensure the safety of rail transport operation, wave-like wear of rails, which occurs mainly in train braking zones, is subject to systematic inspection, since the presence of such wear leads to increased dynamic load on wheel pairs. Increased dynamic load causes a decrease in the smoothness of the ride of passenger cars and accelerated damage to the wheels of wheel pairs of freight cars. During the operation of the track, wave-like wear of rails is checked for compliance with the requirements for current maintenance using specialized devices. To ensure the safety of rail transport, such devices must have high operational efficiency - ensure high control accuracy (low measurement error), control quality (no interference or distortion) and control reliability (no omissions of controlled sections of rails).

To control the wave-like wear of rails, manual means have become widespread, which include a unit for moving the device along the rails, made in the form of a hand trolley (carriage).

For example, a device for measuring the wave-like wear of railway rails is known, including a carriage with rollers, a tape-driven mechanism of the recorder, kinematically connected to the rollers, and measuring rods controlling the movement of the recorder pens, wherein the base plane of the device is defined by four rollers resting on the lower surfaces of the head of the controlled rail (SU 200178 A1, 1967). This device has low reliability and accuracy of control. The presence of contamination on the lower surface of the head of the controlled rail leads to a distortion of the control results, since the measurements by the device are carried out based on the difference in readings from the working rolling surface of the rails and the lower surface of the head of the controlled rail. In addition, errors in the thickness (height) of the rail head can lead to a distortion of the control results. Manual movement of the device does not allow for prompt control over extended sections of the track, and an increase in the speed of movement inevitably leads to a deterioration in the quality and reliability of the control. Therefore, this device is ineffective in operation.

Of the known devices, the closest to the proposed one is a device for monitoring wave-like wear of rails, containing a track-speed sensor connected to an electronic data processing unit and measuring sensors mounted on a supporting beam, arranged to ensure the possibility of monitoring the rail surface when moving the device along the rail, and a centering unit (RU 59802 U1, 2006). This device is structurally implemented in the form of a trolley with a handle. The supporting beam rests on the corresponding wheels and performs the function of a measuring chord. The measuring sensors are implemented in the form of three eddy current sensors. In order to be able to monitor the wear of both rails of the track simultaneously, the device is equipped with a second supporting beam with three eddy current sensors. The chord method based on an asymmetric three-point scheme is used as a basis for monitoring wave-like wear of rails by the device. Based on the data of the trolley's passage along the monitored section of the track, the transfer function of the measuring system of three eddy current measuring sensors is determined for each of the rails. The parameters of wave-like irregularities are determined by the transfer function.

The design of this device requires manual use, which is inconvenient and cannot provide sufficient inspection speed. Increasing the inspection speed cannot be ensured either because of the eddy current sensors used in the device, which have significant inertia, as a result of which increasing the inspection speed leads to a decrease in its accuracy and reliability. In addition, since eddy current sensors, by their operating principle, cover a large inspection zone, the inspection zone may include that part of the rail head that is not a zone of wave-like wear, which does not allow for reliable and high-quality assessment of the magnitude of wave-like wear. The presence of only three inspection sensors limits the achievement of high accuracy of inspection of wave-like irregularities in the entire range of their lengths (mainly from 30 to 1000 mm). This is due to the fact that the transfer function for large irregularities has very small coefficients, which, in combination with a commensurate measurement error, leads to a significant decrease in inspection accuracy. Thus, this device does not provide high control accuracy, which necessitates repeated passes, and has a low control speed (practically no more than 5 km/h). This device is not convenient enough, since it requires installation on rails and subsequent removal from them, as well as physical efforts of the operator during the control. Therefore, it is not efficient enough in operation.

The technical problem solved by the utility model consists of creating a device for monitoring wave-like wear of rails, devoid of the prototype's shortcomings. The technical result provided by the utility model consists of increasing the operational efficiency of the device for monitoring wave-like wear of rails, including by increasing the accuracy of monitoring and simultaneously ensuring the possibility of increasing the speed of monitoring without deteriorating the quality and reliability of monitoring.

This is achieved by the fact that a base beam designed to be secured to the axle boxes of the running wheels of a wagon bogie is introduced into the device for monitoring the wave-like wear of rails, which contains a track-speed sensor connected to an electronic data processing unit and measuring sensors mounted on a supporting beam, arranged to ensure the possibility of monitoring the surface of the rail when the device is moved along the rail, and a centering unit, wherein the supporting beam is mounted on the base beam by means of hinge-parallelogram mechanisms secured to its ends, ensuring the possibility of their rotation across the rail, the measuring sensors are designed in the form of triangulation laser sensors, their number is selected to be four, and the centering unit is designed in the form of two pairs of magnets, in each of which the magnets are located symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the supporting beam and secured to its corresponding end.

The specified technical result is ensured by the entire set of essential features presented in the formula of the utility model, each feature of which is necessary, and together they are sufficient for solving the specified technical problem and achieving the specified technical result. The declared device for monitoring wave-like wear of rails is a single device, the structural elements of which, characterized by the corresponding essential features, are in structural unity and functionally interconnected (are in structural and functional unity). Their joint use led to the creation of a new device with the specified technical result. The structural elements of the device are combined into a single structure and are connected to each other during its manufacture by assembly operations.

The drawing shows a general view of a device for monitoring wave-like wear of rails, installed on the axle boxes of the running wheels of a wagon bogie.

It comprises a base beam 1, designed to provide the possibility of securing running wheels 3 of a wagon bogie on axle boxes 2. A supporting beam 4 is mounted on the base beam 1 by means of a hinged-parallelogram mechanism 5 secured to each end of the supporting beam 4, providing the possibility of rotating both hinged-parallelogram mechanisms 5 across the rail 6. The device comprises a track-speed sensor 7 connected to an electronic data processing unit (not shown in the drawing) and measuring sensors mounted on the supporting beam 4, arranged to provide the possibility of monitoring the surface of the rail 6 when the device is moved along the rail 6. Each of the measuring sensors is designed as a triangulation laser sensor 8. The number of triangulation laser sensors 8 is four. The path-speed sensor 7 is made, for example, in the form of an odometer and can be installed on one of the axle boxes 2. The device also contains a centering unit made in the form of two pairs of magnets 9. The magnets 9 in each of the pairs are located symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the supporting beam 4 and are fixed to the corresponding end of the supporting beam 4 (i.e. the magnets 9 of one of the pairs are placed on one end of the supporting beam 4, and the other - on its other end). The number of magnets 9 in each of the pairs can be predominantly two, four or six.

The device for monitoring the wave-like wear of rails 6 operates as follows. The device is mounted in a diagnostic car (or railcar), the electrical network of which is used to power the corresponding elements of the device. Since the device allows monitoring the wave-like wear of only one of the rails 6 of the track, two such identical devices can be mounted to enable monitoring both rails 6 of the track simultaneously. To monitor the wave-like wear of rail 6 in the entire required range of wavelengths (from 30 to 1000 mm), a two-chord system formed from four triangulation laser sensors 8 is used in the device. This ensures optimal conversion of measurements into real values of the wave-like wear parameters in the entire monitored range. At the same time, due to the corresponding mutual arrangement of the triangulation laser sensors 8, it is easy to ensure the absence of zeros in the transfer functions of both chords in the working range of wavelengths. This allows avoiding possible errors in calculating the required transfer function. Such a system, along with the functional properties possessed by triangulation laser sensors 8 (including the absence of inertia), allows to significantly increase the quality and reliability of control, as well as its accuracy, which remain high up to control speeds of 150 km/h. Thus, when moving a diagnostic car with a device installed in it for monitoring the wave-like wear of rails 6, triangulation laser sensors 8 provide high-precision measurement of the distance to the rolling surface of rail 6 simultaneously at four points at a sufficiently high speed of movement of the diagnostic car. The electronic data processing unit registers signals and performs the necessary conversions, calculates the amplitude of the vertical wave-like wear of the rail 6. The required position of the measurement line for monitoring the wave-like wear relative to the vertical plane of the axis of the rail 6 is ensured by the presence of magnets 9 at the ends of the supporting beam 4. This prevents the occurrence of false signals associated with the displacement of the measuring point of the triangulation laser sensors 8 relative to the vertical axis of the rail 6, which can increase with an increase in the speed of movement of the diagnostic car. In this case, the magnetic field of the magnets 9 returns the supporting beam 4 to its original position. The possibility of this property of the magnets 9 is realized due to the fact that the supporting beam 4 is suspended on the base beam 1 by means of hinge-parallelogram mechanisms 5. The base beam 1 makes it possible to install the device on a carrier, which is the diagnostic car, ensuring the required monitoring speed. The presence of the base beam 1 increases the rigidity of the device structure, which in turn additionally increases the accuracy of the monitoring. The track-speed sensor 7 serves to bind the position of the device to the track coordinate. This design of the device with structurally and functionally interconnected elements ensures increased accuracy of monitoring the wave-like wear of rails and the ability to conduct monitoring at high speeds without losing its quality and reliability.

Example of implementation. The device for measuring wave-like wear of rails 6 is mounted in the SPRINTER-INTEGRAL diagnostic car (AO Firma TVEMA, Moscow). The length of the base beam 1 in the device (along the axle box axes) is 2400 mm, the length of the supporting beam 4 is 1100 mm. The angle sensor L178/1.2 is used as the track-speed sensor 7. Permanent magnets NdFeB P40x30x10 are used as magnets 9. Four laser 4-channel 2D profilometers according to 60216700.421711.003TU are used as triangulation laser sensors 8. The distance from the first sensor 8 to the second is 35 mm, from the first to the third - 234 mm, from the first to the fourth - 450 mm. Therefore, the chord size in the two-chord system was 35/234 mm and 234/450 mm. The results of long-term full-scale tests of the device as part of a diagnostic car showed its high operational efficiency. The speed of monitoring the wave-like wear of rails 6 without loss of quality and reliability of monitoring was up to 150 km/h, which is many times more than for the prototype device. At the same time, no omissions of monitored sections of rails 6 and erroneous measurements were recorded. The accuracy of monitoring was no more than 0.1 mm for sections of rails 6 with different in size wave-like wear (including at maximum monitoring speeds), which is immanently better than for the prototype device.

The device for monitoring the wave-like wear of rails 6, made in accordance with the utility model, has a higher operational efficiency compared to similar known ones. It allows monitoring the wave-like wear of rails 6 at a high speed without loss of quality and reliability of monitoring and ensures high accuracy of monitoring, including at increased monitoring speeds. The device is easily mounted in a high-speed carrier and is convenient to operate.

Claims (1)

A device for monitoring wave-like wear of rails, comprising a track-speed sensor connected to an electronic data processing unit and measuring sensors mounted on a supporting beam, arranged to ensure the possibility of monitoring the surface of the rail when the device is moved along the rail, and a centering unit, characterized in that a base beam made to ensure the possibility of fastening to the axle boxes of the running wheels of a wagon bogie is introduced into the device, wherein the supporting beam is mounted on the base beam by means of hinge-parallelogram mechanisms fixed to its ends, ensuring the possibility of their rotation across the rail, the measuring sensors are made in the form of triangulation laser sensors, their number is selected to be equal to four, and the centering unit is made in the form of two pairs of magnets, in each of which the magnets are located symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis of the supporting beam and are fixed to its corresponding end.