RU2364953C2 - Keyboard mechanical device for obtaining of sounds from string musical instruments - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics; acoustics.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns the keyboard device for obtaining of sounds from string musical instruments, preferentially plucked ones. The keyboard mechanical device includes keys interacting among themselves, the case for the keyboard, a hammer, the drummer and a damper unit for interaction with a string. The device contains the mechanism executed in the form of the case with fixing plates, a lever of damper power control and the keys are located on its outer side. There are spring plates on the extremity of keys. The rotary cramp is disposed along an exterior surface of one or more keys, and on an inside of each key the holdfast and an inertial bob is mounted. The support and a hook for keys is located under a key aside, opposite from a spring plate, on the case. From each key in the case there is an incurvated axis on with the hammer fastened on it, joined to the drummer executed preferentially from copper. The damper lever rests against the upper surface of the hammer at the ungeared damper. From the opposite leg of the drummer hammer, a retainer axis is located against which the lever of pressure and the spring plate are rest, and also an anti-recoil clamping plate which together with a blanket core of pressure, aggregating two damper pillows for interaction with a string, anchored on bearing axes by means of fastenings on which spring plates are mounted, making a damper.

EFFECT: creation of the effective device for extraction of sounds from string musical instruments, preferentially plucked ones.

10 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to devices for extracting sounds mainly from plucked string musical instruments, such as a guitar, and can also be used to extract sounds from a piano, piano and other stringed musical instruments.

State of the art

Stringed musical instruments are musical instruments, the source of sound of which is stretched strings, and sound is extracted by pinching the strings with your fingers or plectrum. Harp, harp, guitar, dombra belong to plucked string musical instruments ... (BSE, M., ed. “Soviet Encyclopedia”).

Known device-mediator, designed to bring into a state of vibration of the strings of plucked musical instruments (TSB, M., ed. "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1974, v.15, s.559). The mediator is a thin plate with a pointed end, which is held by fingers. The disadvantage of the mediator is that for holding you need to squeeze your fingers. During a long game the mediator's hand gets tired, attention is distracted, there are crashes in the game and its quality decreases.

A device is known for extracting sounds from a plucked musical instrument - a plectrum, by means of which the strings are plucked and trembled on plector musical instruments (BSE, M., ed. "Soviet Encyclopedia", 1974, v.20, p.24). Plectrum is a bone, plastic, metal plate or a claw ring worn on a finger. With the help of a plectrum, the strings are plucked and thus extract sounds when playing the ukulele, orchestra guitar, jazz guitar, harp and other plucked musical instruments. The plectrum, made in the form of a plate, has the same disadvantages as the pick, as to hold it, you need to squeeze your fingers. A plectrum made in the form of a ring with a “claw” put on a finger is easier to hold than a plate, since the ring does not need to be squeezed with your fingers. But when playing with a “claw” ring, the possibilities of sound extraction are narrower than when playing with a plate compressed by fingers. During the game, the plate can be turned over and sounds extracted with both its sharp and blunt end, thereby changing the timbre of the sound of a musical instrument. However, when playing with a plectrum made in the form of a plate, the sound spectrum is also not wide enough.

The closest in technical essence is a device for extracting sound using the piano key mechanism, containing a key connected to the keyboard frame by means of a pin, a pilot is fixed to the key, which rests against a figure fixed to the gammerbank with the help of a capsule, and a damper assembly. On the figure are fixed: a damper spoon, a counterfengger wire, a benthic wire, a spiller with a spring that abuts against a schulter, on which a cord is fixed, a gammerstyle is fixed on the schulther with glue, the latter is connected to the hammer, and the counterfengher rod, the counterfenger are fixed in the spindle, a bentic is attached to the latter, which is connected to a wire for the benthic. On the schulter are located: a bouncing spring, a shulter pillow and a suede garnish (Piano Masters Association Book. Max Matias "Stenway Piano Maintenance Guide. Moscow Composer Publishing Association, 1994). The disadvantage of this device is the complexity of the sound extraction design.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to create a new keyboard mechanical device for extracting sounds when playing mainly on stringed musical instruments, for example, a guitar, which can also be used when playing stringed, non-plucked, musical instruments, for example, piano, piano.

As a result of using the present invention, a number of important advantages are achieved in comparison with the known plucked device for extracting sounds when playing on plucked musical instruments. As an experimental verification of the effectiveness of the invented keyboard device according to the invention has shown, a mechanical keyboard sound extraction system is a more convenient and progressive way to play stringed musical instruments as compared to the plucked sound extraction method. Keyboard sound extraction device significantly facilitates playing on plucked musical instruments, such as a guitar, reduces the time required to master the guitar, improves the technique of playing the guitar for such important quality characteristics as the speed and pace of the game. In addition, the keyboard mechanical device according to the invention is a simpler construction compared to the devices used in stringed musical instruments, for example, piano, piano, etc.

Disclosure of invention

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in this keyboard device containing interacting keys, a keyboard case, a hammer, a drummer and a damper assembly, sound extraction from a plucked musical instrument is formed by using lever devices that convert a keystroke to a string hit causing the string to sound. The device is made in the form of a housing that is attached to a musical instrument using mounting plates. An external damper on / off lever is installed on the outer side of the device case. The keys are located on the top of the case (the number of keys depends on the number of strings on a musical instrument and, as a rule, the number of keys matches the number of strings where each key refers to its own string), at the end of each key there is a spring plate that attaches the key to the case using a fastener bolt, and on the opposite side of the key on its inner side is a latch. Immediately below the key, on the side opposite from the spring plate, an emphasis and a key hook are located on the housing. Inside the housing are holes for the axles. A swivel bracket is placed along the outer surface of one or more keys, on the inside of the key there is an inertial weight made of heavy material, from each key there is a curved axis in the form of the letter “L”, which is put on and around which the hammer is rotated, fastened to the axis using the latch. A hammer, mainly made of copper, is attached to the hammer; a gasket is installed on the upper surface of the hammer, which, when the damper is turned off, rests on the damper lever attached to the axis of the lever. On the opposite side of the hammer, there are: a thrust axis against which the pressure lever and recoil spring plate abut, as well as a pressure plate, which, together with a common pressure rod located below the pressure plate, connecting two damper cushions fixed to the supporting axes with fasteners, on which spring plates are mounted make up a damper. Under the damper cushions is a string of a musical instrument.

When a key is pressed, it translates downward with the hammer on the axis, which also moves downward. The tail of the hammer, abutting against an emphasis located inside the body, causes the hammer to rotate around its axis and translational movement of the hammer striker to the string occurs. Due to the system of levers, when a key is pressed, the hammer strikes the string with the hammer, and the string sounds. So that the strike does not "troil" (the so-called rollback effect from the string when the hammer strikes the hammer, when you hit the key once three times the striker hits the string), the device has a recoil spring that provides a stable and high-quality strike on the string. In the present invention, developed and installed its own damper, which is an integral part of the proposed keyboard device. The damper implements the effect of an organ (musical instrument): press a key - the string sounds, release the key - the sound of the string breaks (is muffled). This effect is very important when playing, for example, on an electric guitar with an electronic device that distorts sound (the so-called fuzz or distortion), very often used by musicians. By itself, the distortion of sound (as we will call in the future devices that distort the sound when playing the electric guitar) makes the sound somewhat "dirty" and you need to be able to play this sound correctly. The damper effect developed by the inventor eliminates this problem, as a result of which when playing the guitar using the device according to the invention, a distinct, beautiful and intelligible sound is obtained, even when playing arpeggios, not to mention chord or solo playing using a sound distortion for an electric guitar. The damper works as follows. In the disconnected position, the damping pads are located above the strings (each string has its own damping lever with two damping cushions) and do not touch the strings and therefore, after hitting the drummer with a hammer, the string also sounds after the key is released. When the damper is turned on, the damper cushions are pressed against the strings and drown them. The guitar strings do not sound at the moment if you hit them with your fingers or the pick. When you press the keys, the damper pads are pressed and the hammer strikes the string with the hammer, and the string sounds. When the key is released, the damper pads are pressed again to the string, and it is muffled. When the damper is off, pressing the key causes the string to sound, which continues after the key is released.

The proposed keyboard device for extracting sounds from a plucked musical instrument can also be used to extract sounds from stringed musical instruments, such as a piano, piano.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 presents a General view of the device for extracting sound and its location on the guitar.

Figure 2 presents a diagram of the housing of the device for sound extraction.

Figure 3 presents the diagram and device keys.

Figure 4 presents the design diagram of the hammer and hammer.

Figure 5 presents a top view of the design structure of the hammer, impactor and pressure plate.

Figure 6 presents the design diagram of the keyboard device for sound extraction with the damper turned on at the time of the rollback of the drummer from the string.

Figure 7 presents a design diagram of a key device for sound extraction with the damper turned on at the moment of impact of the hammer of the hammer on the string.

On Fig presents a design diagram of a keyboard device for sound extraction with the damper turned off.

Figure 9 presents a diagram of the fixation of the damper pads.

Figure 10 presents the scheme of pressing with one finger simultaneously several keys on the keyboard device.

The implementation of the invention

Figure 1 presents a General view of a mechanical keyboard sound extraction device 1 and its location on the guitar body 2, where 3 is a string holder, 4 is the neck of the guitar. On the outer surface of the keyboard device 1 are located: keys 5, the number of which, as a rule, coincides with the number of strings 6 on the plucked musical instrument, mounting plates 7, with which the keyboard device 1 is attached to the guitar, spring plates 8, the number of which matches the number keys 5, provide the keys to return to their original position after pressing them in order to extract sound and which are attached to the body of the device 1 using fasteners 9 (for example, a mounting bolt), the damper on / off lever is 10.

Figure 2 presents a diagram of the housing 11 of the key device for sound extraction 1 with mounting plates 7. Housing 11 is a connecting node for all parts of the sound extraction device 1, where 12 are the holes for the axes, 13 is the stop for the keys, 14 is the hook, the locking key in the upper (not pressed) initial position.

Figure 3 presents the diagram and device of the key 5, which the musician presses with his finger in order to extract sound from a plucked musical instrument. The spring plate 8 provides the key to return to its original position after pressing it in order to extract sound, the mounting bolt 9 secures the key 5 to the body of the device 1, the pressure washer 15 is used to securely hold the key 5 on the body of the device 1, the axis 16 attached to the bottom surface of the key 5, connects the key 5 to the hammer 17 and the hammer 18, the inertial weight 19 made of heavy material, for example, lead, located on the inside of the key 5, enhances the translational movement of the key 5 down, giving Arnica 18 sharpness when hitting the string 6, the latch 20 fixes the initial position of the key 5.

Figure 4 presents the design diagram of the hammer and hammer. The axis 16, on which the hammer 17 rotates, the hammer 18 attached to the hammer 17, the thrust axis 21, in which the pressure lever 22 abuts and the hammer 17 rotates, as a result of which the hammer 18 hits the string (not shown), exciting its sound, recoil the spring plate 23 returns the hammer to its original position and does not allow the effect of “triple” sound, the pressure plate 24 presses the damper cushions (not shown), the latch 25 fixes the position of the hammer on the axis 16, the gasket 26 provides a tight contact damper a lever (not shown) with a hammer 17.

Figure 5 presents a top view of the design structure of the hammer, impactor and pressure plate. The axis 16, on which the hammer 17 rotates, the hammer 18, attached to the hammer 17, the pressure plate 24 presses the damper pads (not shown), the latch 25 fixes the position of the hammer on the axis 16, the gasket 26 provides a tight contact of the damper lever (not shown) with the hammer 17.

Figure 6 presents the design diagram of the keyboard device for sound extraction with the damper turned on at the time of the rollback of the drummer from the string. A similar position can be fixed at the moment before pressing the key 5. The damper is turned on and off by turning the axis of the lever 27 by turning the on / off lever of the damper 10. The figure shows the moment when the damper is on, that is, the damper lever 28 does not limit the rotation of the hammer around axis 16 and does not come in contact with the gasket 26 at the moment when the hammer of the hammer is in the highest position, as shown in Fig.6. In this position, the pressure plate 24 is in its lowest position, presses on a common pressure rod 29, which presses damper cushions 30 to the string 6, which drown out the sound of the string. The damper cushions 30 are fixed on the supporting axes 31. In the design of the damper, two damper cushions 30 for each string are used, since one damper cushion does not completely damp out the vibration amplitude of the string, as a result of which there is an aftertone effect. The second damper cushion 30 is designed to cancel the specified aftertone, resulting in complete silencing of the sound of the string. As a result, the so-called “triple” effect does not occur when playing the piano, for example, when one hit on the key causes 2-3 hits of the hammer on the string. This difference is, in the opinion of the inventor, fundamental. This is very important when playing an electric guitar using electronic effects - distortionists that are often used by guitarists. Figure 6 also shows the latch 20, fixing the keys 5 in the initial position.

Figure 7 presents a design diagram of a key device for sound extraction with the damper turned on at the moment of impact of the hammer of the hammer on the string. When you press the key 5, its progressive downward movement occurs, the axis 16, on the lower part of which the hammer 17 with the hammer 18 is mounted, also moves downward. At the moment of pressure lever pressure 22 on the stop axis 21, part of the hammer 17 and hammer 18 rotates downward towards the string, but the hammer 18 does not touch the string; the distance between hammer 18 and string 6 at the moment when key 5 is pressed is approximately 1 mm. When the key 5 is pressed sharply, the hammer 17 and the hammer 18 are sharply moved down (and accelerated downward) and due to the inertial force, the hammer 18, made primarily of copper, hits the string 6, extracting sound. At the moment of the impact of the striker 18 along the string 6, the pressure plate 24 moves away from the common pressure rod 29, which pressed the damper cushions 30 to the string 6. Under the influence of the vibrations of the string 6, the damper cushions 30 are rejected at the moment of impact, the spring plate 32 fixes the damper cushions 30 in the recoil position due to friction of the end face 33 of the spring plate 32 against the support axis 31, on which the entire damper rotates, as a result, the string sounds. When you release the key 5, the reverse process occurs, described in Fig.6. The dashed line 35 in FIG. 7 shows a sectional view of the body of the keyboard device. 7 also shows the latch 20, fixing the keys 5 in the initial position.

On Fig presents a design diagram of a keyboard device for sound extraction with the damper turned off. The damper is turned on and off by turning the axis of the lever 27 by pressing the damper lever 10, respectively. To turn off the damper, the damper lever 28 is lowered down, as a result of which it is pressed firmly against the gasket 26. Figure 8 shows the moment when the damper is turned off and the string 6 is not muffled . The damper lever restricts the movement of the hammer and thus does not allow the pressure plate 24 to press on the damper pads 30 through a common pressure rod 29, the damper pads 30 do not touch the string and do not drown out its sound. Thus, when the damper is turned off, the string 6 will sound without interruption of the sound by the damper cushions 32. The dashed line 35 in Fig. 8 marks the section of the keyboard device in section. On Fig also shows the latch 20, fixing the keys 5 in the initial position.

Figure 9 presents a diagram of the fixation of the damper pads in the retractable position. The spring plate 32 fixes the damper cushions 30 in the retractable position due to the friction of the end face 33 of the spring plate 32 against the support axis 31. The damper cushions 30 are connected to the support axis 31 by means of a fastener 34.

Figure 10 presents the design diagram, allowing one finger to press simultaneously several keys on the keyboard device. To improve the quality of playing the guitar, a device that allows one finger to extract sound from several strings of the guitar can be essential. For this, the key device 1 is provided with a swivel bracket 36, in the inoperative position, located on the key 5 along its axis. At the moment when it is necessary, the swivel bracket 36 is moved to a position different from the longitudinal conditional axis of the key 5 on the key device 1, as a result of which, by pressing only any of the three keys, as shown in Fig. 10, three keys are pressed at once 5 at the same time. Depending on the length of the swivel bracket, it can allow two or more keys to be pressed simultaneously with one finger.

Industrial applicability

As a result of using the proposed technical solution, compared to the known one, playing on plucked musical instruments is facilitated, time for mastering a plucked musical instrument is reduced, and the technique and quality of playing a plucked musical instrument are improved. The present invention significantly simplifies and cheapens the design of a mechanical keyboard device for extracting sound from a stringed musical instrument, such as a piano, piano, etc.

Claims (1)

A mechanical keyboard device for extracting sounds from stringed, mainly plucked, musical instruments, comprising interacting keys, a keyboard, hammer case, drummer and damper assembly for interacting with a string, characterized in that the mechanical keyboard device for extracting sounds comprises a mechanism made in the form of a housing with mounting plates, on the outside of which there is a damper on / off lever and keys, at the end of which there are spring plate, while along the outer surface of one or more keys there is a swivel bracket, and on the inner side of each key there is a latch and an inertial weight, just below the key on the side opposite to the spring plate, there is an emphasis and a hook for the keys on the body of each key a curved axis goes to the inside of the case, on which a hammer is attached, connected to a hammer made mainly of copper, and the damper lever rests on the upper surface of the hammer when the damper is off, while The thrust axis is located on the opposite side of the hammer from the hammer, in which the pressure lever and recoil spring plate abut, as well as the pressure plate, which, together with a common pressure rod connecting two damping pads for interaction with the string, mounted on supporting axes with fasteners on which spring plates are installed, make up the damper.

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