RU236240U1 - Device for forming winter operational road surface - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of road construction, using snow compaction, and can be used for arranging winter operational road surfaces. An additional concave guide plate with a shift relative to the guide plate towards the rotor is installed in the device, wherein both plates in the housing form chambers with horizontal outlet slots, a knife with teeth is installed on the housing in front of the rotor. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of road construction, using snow compaction, and can be used for the construction of winter operational road surfaces.

A device for compacting snow is known, in which pneumatic-tire rollers are arranged in two rows and connected to vibration exciters, between which there is an anti-skid roller with notches, to create a texture on the compacted snow road surface. The disadvantage of such a device is the inability to regulate the compaction force, the inability to assess the degree of compaction of the road surface, low anti-icing and strength properties of the coating, created only by creating a texture on the snow road surface (RU No. 2701955, published 03.10.2019).

A method of anti-icing treatment with wood chips is known, the technical task of which is to apply an anti-icing coating of wood chips to the surface in order to prevent or reduce slipping. The disadvantage of this method is that friction materials are applied only to the outer surface of the snow cover and are used only for pedestrian paths (RU 2816993, published 09.04.2024).

A combined unit for compacting snow banks is known, equipped with three sections, where the first section is equipped with a heating and humidifying device in the form of thermal knives, and the second and third have rubber pneumatic rollers installed in a staggered manner. Each section has a vibration compactor and an increasing mass. The disadvantages of this device include significant energy consumption for heating the thermal knives and an insignificant increase in the adhesion and strength qualities of snow road surfaces (RU No. 2321700, published 10.04.2008).

A method for constructing compacted snow road surfaces and an installation for its implementation are known, containing units for supplying heat to the snow mass, devices for static compaction, devices for dynamic compaction, devices for heating and distributing friction materials. The disadvantages of this device include excessive complexity and very high energy consumption of the process of forming compacted snow road surfaces (RU No. 2268334, published 20.01.2006).

A device for repairing winter roads is known, equipped with five vertical milling devices. The disadvantages of this device include the impossibility of regulating the physical and mechanical properties of the over-moistened snow mass. The resulting layer of snow cover corresponds to the density of the snow-ice cover (RU No. 2530966, published 20.10.2014).

A centrifugal ejector is known, equipped with an adjustable rotor, to create the required speed of ejection of snow material in various drive operating modes. The disadvantage of which is the impossibility of separating the ejected snow material by density (RU No. 2423575, published 10.07.2011).

The closest to the proposed device is a snow compactor equipped with a rotor with working bodies. The disadvantage of which is the need for thermal heating of the snow mass and the impossibility of regulating the density of the formed layer of snow cover (RU No. 2740987, published 01/22/2020).

The technical task of the utility model is to redistribute in the device the cut covering of snow and snow ice, stone friction materials, to obtain a structured surface of the road covering, designed to ensure the necessary road safety [TR CU 014/2011 Safety of motorways. Approved by the Decision of the Commission of the Customs Union of October 18, 2011 No. 827].

Calculation and design of any multilayer road pavements is based on the use of the principles of successive increase in the strength of structural layers from the lowest value (road pavement base) to the highest value (top layer of road surface) [SP 34.13330 Highways, Babkov V.F., Andreev O.V. Design of Highways: In 2 parts. Part 2: Textbook for universities. - 2nd ed., revised and enlarged. - Moscow: Transport, 1987. - 415 p., ODN 218.046-01 Design of flexible road pavements, ODM 218.3.1.005-2021. Design of flexible road pavements. Methodological recommendations for calculating the parameters of the stress-strain state of multilayer structures under the influence of wheel loads].

Using the proven methodology for designing road surfaces for motorways, it is necessary to redistribute the materials along the thickness of the winter motorway in such a way that their density changes from the highest value in the upper layer to the lowest in the lower one.

For example, the density of freshly fallen snow is no more than 0.01 g/ ^cm3 , the density of winter road snow is at least 0.4 g/ ^cm3 , the density of packed snow and ice is about 0.7 g/ ^cm3 , the density of ice is about 0.9 g/ ^cm3 , the density of snow cover treated with granite crushed stone of fraction 5-10 mm, with a sprinkling density of 3 kg/ ^m2 is about 1.4 g/ ^cm3 [Zadvornov V.Yu. “Improving the transport and operational condition of snow road surfaces of winter forest roads / V.Yu. Zadvornov, I.N. Kruchinin, V.V. Pobedinsky, D.V. Ovseychik, M.A. Kuznetsov // Woodworking industry. - 2024. - No. 3. - P.12-23].

Traditional snow compacting machines implement the principle of only mechanical, vibration or thermal stress in vertical or horizontal planes. These mechanisms are capable of creating high-density layers of snow and snow-ice deposits, the density of which does not exceed the density of ice, which is about 0.9 g/cm ³ .

In order to improve the transport and operational performance of winter roads, various operational materials are used. Stone friction materials are the most widely used. Friction materials not only improve the strength of snow road surfaces, but also significantly increase their coefficient of adhesion, which significantly improves the efficiency of winter road operation and helps ensure traffic safety (Technical Regulations of the Customs Union "Road Safety". TR CU 014/2011. Approved by the Decision of the Customs Union Commission dated October 18, 2011 No. 827). In the Russian Federation, stone materials, metallurgical slags or materials made from crushed wood can be used to treat winter surfaces.

Currently, the main method of forming winter road surfaces on motorways and winter roads is based on the kneading of the snow surface, smoothing of the snow surface, thermal melting, static compaction or vibration compaction of the snow cover.

The main road-building material for the construction of winter surfaces on the roadways of all types of winter roads, snow and snow-ice roads is snow.

The ability of winter road surfaces to withstand the load from motor vehicles depends only on the physical and mechanical properties of snow or snow ice.

The following are taken as operational characteristics of road surfaces: hardness of snow road surface [MPa]; rigidity of snow road surface [N/ ^m3 ]; density of snow road surface [g/ ^cm3 ], coefficient of adhesion.

The rigidity of the snow cover is most often related to the parameters of unprepared snowy terrain and serves as a criterion for the cross-country ability of all-terrain vehicles. As for winter roads, the density of snow on the roadway varies within a very wide range: from 0.01 g / cm ³ (freshly fallen snow) to 0.76 g / cm ³ (extremely compacted). At a density of 0.76 g / cm ³ , structural changes begin to form and a snow-ice road surface is formed. When all the snow crystals have undergone all phase transformations, ice with a density of 0.9 to 0.92 g / cm ³ is formed. In this case, the values of the coefficient of adhesion to road surfaces on winter roads can vary from 0.08 ... 0.15 to 0.25 ... 0.35, depending on their condition and operating conditions.

And only the use of friction materials allows increasing the coefficient of adhesion to 0.36 for wood sawdust and to 0.48 for stone materials (granite crushed stone).

The coefficient of adhesion of vehicle wheels to the road surface is a determining indicator of traffic safety and is regulated by the standards for winter maintenance of motor roads [Methodological recommendations for determining the required fleet of road maintenance equipment for performing road maintenance work when developing road maintenance projects [Text]/ Industry road methodological document: ODM 218.2.018-2012.-Replacing ODN 218.014-99/ Rosavtodor. - M.: ROSAVTODOR, 2013. - 87 p.].

However, during the operation of winter road surfaces, they are destroyed. Under the action of the wheels of passing cars, stone materials are sunk into the snow cover and come off. And in the event of snowfall, they end up inside the winter road surface and cease to provide the required coefficient of adhesion.

This leads to the fact that the operating services begin to remove the top layer of fallen snow and distribute stone friction materials over the surface again. Depending on the intensity of snowfall, repeated treatments can reach tens of times, which leads to a significant over-expenditure of stone friction materials. In this case, in the spring they will need to be disposed of or removed.

Thus, in order to improve the transport and operational condition of winter roads and ensure the safety of motor transport on winter road surfaces made of compacted snow or snow-ice, its density must increase from the lower layers to the upper ones, and its surface must contain friction stone or other material.

A comparison of the claimed technical solution with the prototype shows that it has the following features:

- the device is equipped with an additional concave guide plate with a shift towards the rotor relative to the guide plate;

- both plates in the body form chambers with horizontal outlet slits;

- horizontal outlet slots are directed towards the road surface;

- a flat knife with teeth is installed on the body in front of the cutter.

Therefore, it can be assumed that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion of “novelty”.

The utility model can be manufactured on known equipment, therefore it meets the criterion of “industrial applicability”.

The claimed device is explained by drawings, where the figure shows a general view of the device for forming a winter operational road surface.

A device for forming a winter operational road surface comprises: 1 - a device body; 2 - a guide plate, 3 - an additional guide plate installed with a shift towards the rotor relative to the guide plate 2; 4 - a rotor; 5 - a rotor shaft; 6 - a flat knife with teeth; 7 - a tractor; 8 - parallelogram mechanism rods; 9 - hinges; 10 - a rotor working chamber; 11 - a hydraulic drive; 12 - rotor blades, 13 - a lower chamber, 14 - a horizontal outlet slit of the lower chamber, 15 - a horizontal outlet slit of the middle chamber, 16 - a middle chamber, 17 - an upper chamber, 18 - a horizontal outlet slit of the upper chamber.

During the progressive movement of the device, snow or snow-ice deposits with a layer of stone or other friction materials inside are fed under a flat knife 6 with teeth, loosened, and fall into the working area 10 between the blades 12 of the rotating rotor 4, wherein the rotor 4 rotates counterclockwise using a hydraulic drive 11. The snow mass with friction materials, having fallen into the working area 10, begins to accelerate and, under the action of centrifugal forces, moves along the blades 12 of the rotor 4. In this case, the rotation frequency of the rotor required for separating the cut snow mass is at least 150 rpm. When leaving the working area of the rotor 4, snow, ice, stone, under the action of centrifugal forces, begin to deviate proportionally to their density and particle speed. Snow particles, as the least dense, enter the lower chamber 13, located under the additional guide plate 3, where they begin to slow down, are crushed, repacked and through the horizontal outlet slot 14 are laid on the base in the form of a compacted lower layer.

The mixture of snow-ice particles with small particles of stone materials, being denser, is deflected by a greater amount under the action of centrifugal forces, and through the middle chamber 16, located between the guide plate 2 and the additional guide plate 3, is additionally compacted and placed through the horizontal outlet slot 15 on the formed lower layer.

The magnitude of the shift “a” and “b” between the horizontal outlet slots of the housing and the guide plates are determined by calculation and are related as the thickness of the upper and lower coating.

The densest particles (large stone friction material, etc.) enter the upper chamber 17, are discharged through the horizontal outlet slot 18 and form the upper rough layer with stone friction material.

In this way, a multi-layer road surface is created from compacted snow, snow ice and stone friction material on the surface of the pavement by separating them by density.

The claimed utility model allows to increase the transport and operational performance of winter road surfaces, to ensure the necessary safety of vehicle traffic by increasing the coefficient of adhesion to the surface, to allow the secondary use of stone friction materials and to further reduce the costs of operating materials.

Claims (1)

A device for forming a winter operational road surface, comprising a housing made in the form of a towing device, on which a rotor with working bodies is successively installed, and behind the rotor a guide plate for receiving snow is placed, which is made concave in the direction of the rotor, characterized in that an additional concave guide plate is installed in the device with a shift towards the rotor relative to the guide plate, wherein both plates in the housing form chambers with horizontal outlet slots, wherein the horizontal outlet slots are directed towards the road surface, and a flat knife with teeth is installed on the housing in front of the rotor.