RU2362316C2 - Compound feed (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: proposed is a compound feed (versions) with a defined composition and containing glauconite.

EFFECT: reduced negative effect of mycotoxins in infected compound feed.

4 cl, 8 tbl

Description

The invention is intended for use in agriculture, in particular, for the preparation of animal feed and can be used in poultry farming for fattening and prevention of mycotoxicosis in broiler chickens, as well as in pig farming.

Known compound feed for chickens described in p. RF No. 2169489, by class. A23K 1/16, c. 02/28/2000, op. 01/27/2001.

Known feed contains the following ratio of components, wt.%: Feed wheat 54.7-70.0, peas 4.0-16.0, soybean meal 14.0-20.0, fish meal 5.0-7.0 , bone meal 0.5-1.0, sunflower oil 1.0-3.5, shell 0.7-0.8, limestone 0.5-0.7, common salt 0.3-0.5, premix 0.2-0.3, bee merve 1.5-2.0.

A disadvantage of the known food is that it contains a bee merve, which is quite difficult to harvest and expensive to purchase.

Known compound feed described in the reference book "Compound feed, feed additives and milk replacer for animals (composition and use)" by V.A. Krokhina et al., Moscow: Agropromizdat, 1990, pp. 225-261.

Known feed contains the following components,%:

1) wheat - 27.01-21.35, corn - 30.0-35.0, corn gluten - 7.0, soybean meal - 15.0-3.0, sunflower meal - 10.0, -0, 0, sunflower meal - 0.0-3.0, soybean meal - 0.0-20.03, tricalcium phosphate 1.75-1.40, fishmeal - 3.48-2.85, limestone - 0.01 -0.11, sunflower oil - 3.91-4.71, common salt - 0, 28-0.21, premix - 1.0, methionine - 0.15-0.13, lysine - 0.41-0 , 21 depending on the age of the bird;

or 2) wheat - 21,401-20,0, corn - 30,0-35,0, barley - 10,0-6,3, corn gluten - 7,0, -6,5, soybean meal - 13,2- 12.0, sunflower meal - 5.0-6.0, dicalcium phosphate 0.04-0.60, fish meal - 8.6-6.2, limestone - 1.25-1.75, sunflower oil - 2 , 78-4.75, table salt - 0.0-0.10, premix - 0.5, DL-methionine - 0.05, L-lysine - 0.23-0.30, depending on the age of the bird.

A disadvantage of the known feed in both its variants is that since this feed is cereal, it often contains mycotoxins, because the grain used for the preparation of animal feed is often affected by microscopic fungi that release toxic waste products. To reduce the negative impact of toxic substances on the body of poultry or pigs, various sorbents of both natural and industrial production are used.

The use of industrial adsorbents based on silicon, such as Ecosil, or based on modified glucomannans, such as Mikosorb, in low-toxic feeds is not always economically feasible.

Natural sorbents include sorbents based on zeolite, bentonites and aluminosilicates, including the natural aluminosilicate of the Karinsky deposit in the Chelyabinsk region - glauconite.

The objective is to reduce the negative impact of mycotoxins in the compound feed infected with them through the use of a natural sorbent - glauconite.

The problem is solved in that:

- in compound feed contaminated with mycotoxins, containing the following components,%:

wheat - 27.01-21.35, corn - 30.0-35.0, corn gluten - 7.0, soybean meal - 15.0-3.0, sunflower meal - 10.0, -0.0, sunflower meal - 0.0-3.0, soybean meal - 0.0-20.03, tricalcium phosphate 1.75-1.40, fishmeal - 3.48-2.85, limestone - 0.01-0 11, sunflower oil - 3.91-4.71, common salt - 0.28-0.21, premix -1.0, methionine - 0.15-0.13, lysine - 0.41-0.21 , according to the invention additional glauconite is introduced in an amount of 0.125-0.375%.

In this case, glauconite can be introduced in the form of a powder or grains.

- in compound feed contaminated with mycotoxins, containing the following components,%:

wheat - 21.401-20.0, corn - 30.0-35.0, barley - 10.0-6.3, corn gluten - 7.0, -6.5, soybean meal - 13.2-12.0 , sunflower meal - 5.0-6.0, dicalcium phosphate 0.04-0.60, fish meal - 8.6-6.2, limestone - 1.25-1.75, sunflower oil - 2.78- 4.75, table salt - 0.0-0.10, premix - 0.5, DL-methionine - 0.05, L-lysine - 0.23-0.30, according to the invention, glauconite was introduced in an amount of 2 by the substitution method -four%.

The introduction of glauconite, which has a layered (lamellar) structure into the mycotoxin-contaminated feed, which has a layered (lamellar) structure, leads to the fact that part of its intramolecular forces is not balanced by the interaction with the ions of chemical elements located in the cavity of such a layer, and these forces interact with ions chemicals in solutions or in the air. As a result, they accumulate on the active surfaces of the platelets that make up the common crystal, the area of the active surface increases significantly, which ensures its strong retention of toxic substances and thereby excludes or limits the absorption of toxicants in the digestive tract of a bird or animal (pig). There is a maximum withdrawal of the toxicants themselves and pre-emptive development of nutritional toxemia, which mitigates the consequences of feeding poor-quality feed to the bird or animal, increasing their safety and live weight.

The inventive feed in the first, second variants has novelty in comparison with the prototype, differing from it in the first embodiment by the additional presence of glauconite in the amount of 0.125-0.375%, in the second embodiment by the substitutional presence of glauconite in the amount of 2-4%, ensuring the achievement in each of the options result.

The applicant is not aware of technical solutions in which glauconite would be used in the same amount with the same effect, therefore, he believes that the compound feed claimed by him in two versions meets the criterion of “inventive step”.

The inventive composition of the feed can in all its variants be widely used in poultry and livestock, and therefore meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The inventive contaminated mycotoxin feed in the first embodiment contains the following components,%: wheat - 27.01-21.35, corn - 30.0-35.0, corn gluten - 7.0, soybean meal - 15.0-3.0 , sunflower meal - 10.0, -0.0, sunflower meal - 0.0-3.0, soybean meal - 0.0-20.03, tricalcium phosphate 1.75-1.40, fishmeal - 3, 48-2.85, limestone - 0.01-0.11, sunflower oil - 3.91-4.71, table salt - 0.28-0.21, premix - 1.0, methionine - 0.15- 0.13, lysine - 0.41-0.21 and glauconite in an amount of 0.125-0.375%.

In this case, glauconite can be introduced in the form of a powder or grains.

The inventive contaminated mycotoxin feed in the second embodiment contains the following components,%: wheat - 21,401-20,0, corn - 30,0-35,0, barley - 10,0-6,3, corn gluten - 7,0, -6 5, soybean meal - 13.2-12.0, sunflower meal - 5.0-6.0, dicalcium phosphate 0.04-0.60, fish meal - 8.6-6.2, limestone - 1, 25-1.75, sunflower oil - 2.78-4.75, table salt - 0.0-0.10, premix - 0.5, DL-methionine - 0.05, L-lysine - 0.23- 0.30 and the replacement method introduced glauconite in an amount of 2-4%. The experiment according to the first option was carried out on broilers of the Cobb-500 cross in the ELV VNITIP vivarium from 5 days to 6 weeks of age according to the scheme shown in Table 1. For the first five days, chickens of all groups received the same granular compound feed with nutrition according to the Cobb-500 cross-country standards. Recipes of experimental feeds are given in table.2.

The main results of the experiment on broilers using glauconite according to the first option are given below in table 3-5.

From table 3 it can be seen that the use of glauconite at a dose of 0.25 and 0.5% in mixed fodder based on toxic corn allows us to provide fairly high zootechnical indicators when growing broiler chickens both in the first and in the second growing period. It should be noted that the analysis of the total acidity of corn was 2,69 ° H, the acid value - 14.86 mg KOH / g, peroxide number - 0,104% J or 8.11 mmol / kg _^1/2 O ₂ levels significantly higher than the main mycotoxin MPC. At the same time, the safety of the livestock in the 3, 4, 5 experimental groups was at the control level - 94.22%, which is 2.86% higher than in the second group, the chickens of which consumed toxic food with the addition of glauconite (3, 4, 5 experimental group), exceeded control by 24, 32 g; 35, 85; 49, 2 g, while the live weight of the males of the second experimental group was lower than the control by 59.05. The addition of glauconite against the background of toxic feed allowed us to provide an average daily increase in live weight of broilers of the corresponding groups at the level of 51.04-51.71 g. In the first growing period, increasing the level of sorbent input to 0.5% led to a certain decrease in the live weight of broilers (1055.3 g in the fifth group against 1067.66 g in the third). At the same time, the use of glauconite in the form of a powder turned out to be more effective, possibly due to its better distribution in compound feed during mixing.

When analyzing the vitamin content in the liver of chickens (Table 4) during slaughter, the applicant noted a lower content of fat-soluble vitamins in the experimental groups compared to the control (Table 4), which is associated with the content of peroxide compounds in the experimental feed. Moreover, with an increase in the dosage of glauconite, the content of the corresponding vitamins in the liver of chickens also increased. Differences in the content of vitamin B ₂ were within the error of the method.

The data obtained during the balance sheet experiment are presented in table 5.

From table 5 it is seen that when using feed containing toxic corn, the digestibility of protein in broilers of the second experimental group decreased by 9, 1%, the use of nitrogen - by 8.1%, the availability of lysine, methionine, calcium and phosphorus by 6.1 ; 6.8; 8.3 and 4.8%, respectively. Digestibility of fat deteriorated by 4.1%. The inclusion of glauconite in the form of powder and grains in mixed feeds contributed to an increase in the digestibility of broilers for the main nutrients. Significant differences in indices of digestibility and availability of basic nutrients between experimental groups 3, 4 and 5 have not been established. However, it should be pointed out that when using glauconite in the form of grit, there is a tendency to improve digestibility and the use by the body of chickens of nutrients of compound feed. The introduction of 0.5% glauconite into the feed in the form of crumbs also did not give a significant increase in both zootechnical and digestibility indices of nutrients.

The experiment in the first embodiment was also carried out on pigs. Glauconite was introduced into the named compound feed in the amount of 0.25% of the dry matter of the diet. The results are shown below in table.6. For comparison, indicators are shown for the first (control) group on the main feeding diet, for the second group - using an additive in the feed of zeolite in the amount of 1.24% of the dry matter of the diet and the third group - using glauconite in the above amount.

At the end of the growing and fattening period, the absolute increase in live weight in the second group was higher by 38.9%, in the third - by 19.8% compared with the first group. The use of zeolite (group II) as a feed additive allowed us to obtain an average daily increase of 14.5% higher (P <0.001) than in group I, with the addition of glauconite (group III) - by 19.8% (P <0.001).

In the second option, the experiment was carried out on broilers of the cross "Cobb-500" in the conditions of vivarium IT "Zagorsk EPH VNITIP". Feeding the birds (2 control and 4 experimental groups) was carried out ad libitum with dry balanced compound feeds with nutritional parameters corresponding to the recommended norms of feeding. The compounding of the feed is given in table.2. Up to 5 days of age, chickens of all groups received a “zero” diet, from 6 days of age - experienced feed mixtures. The duration of the experiment was 5 weeks (35 days). The experimental design is shown in Table 7. Zootechnical indicators of broiler chickens growing when included in clean and “contaminated” compound feeds of glauconite are given in Table 8. The digestibility and use of nutrients by broilers under the influence of the tested additives are given in table 5. The calculation of the economic efficiency of using natural glauconite in contaminated feed for broiler chickens is given in Table 4.

Replacing in the second version 2-4% of the feed with the same amount of natural glauconite did not negatively affect the feed intake and the main productivity indicators (live weight) of broiler chickens grown on such feed mixtures. The safety and average daily gain in live weight of broiler chickens increased: the bird used the nutrients of the diet better; substitution of 2-4% of the diet contaminated with mycotoxins with the same amount of glauconite allowed to “mitigate” the negative consequences of the consumption of such compound feed.

In all variants of feed in comparison with the prototype, the use of glauconite reduces the negative consequences of the use of feed contaminated with mycotoxins and can increase the productivity of poultry and animals (pigs).

Table 1 Experience outline Groups Livestock Feeding characteristics 1-control 35 Nutrient-balanced feed according to VNITIP without glauconite (OP). 2-control 35 OP, replacing toxic corn 3-experience 35 OP of the second group + 0.25% glauconite in powder form 4-experience 35 OP of the second group + 0.25% glauconite in the form of grains 5th experience 35 OP of the second group + 0.50% glauconite in the form of grains

table 2 Recipes for experimental feed for broiler chickens Components, % Bird age, days 5-28 29-38 Wheat 27.01 21.35 Corn 30,0 35.0 Corn gluten 7.0 7.0 Soybean meal 15.0 3.0 Sunflower meal 10.0 - Sunflower meal - 3.0 Soybean meal - 20.03 Tricalcium phosphate 1.75 1.40 Fish flour 3.48 2.85 Limestone 0.01 0.11 Sunflower oil 3.91 4.71 Common salt 0.28 0.21 Premix 1,0 1,0 Methionine 0.15 0.13 Lysine 0.41 0.21

Table 3 The main results of the experiment on broilers Indicators Groups 1-control, OP with high-quality corn 2-control, OP with 10% toxic corn in the first and 20% in the second period 3-experiment OP of the second group + 0.25% glauconite in powder form 4-experiment OP of the second group + 0.25% glauconite in the form of grains 5-experienced OP of the second group + 0.5% glauconite in the form of grains Live weight of a daily chicken, g 37,2 37,2 37,2 37,2 37,2 Live weight in 4 weeks, g 1040.33 ± 22.5 1036.78 ± 33.05 1067.66 ± 32.07 1056.29 ± 30.02  1055.3 + 25.14 Live weight in 37 days, g,
including: 1978.1 ± 33.8 1845.74 ± 57.6 1925.68 ± 45.5 1942.09 ± 44.8 1950.9 ± 40.4 cockerels, g 2127.9 ± 43.98 2068.85 ± 50.43 2152.22 ± 44.62 2163.75 ± 44.72  2177.1 ± 49.22 chickens, g 1828.3 ± 27.55 1622.63 ± 62.97 1699.13 ± 33.81 1720.43 ± 34.13 1724.6 ± 37.94 The safety of the livestock,% 94.29 91.43 94.29 94.29 94.29 Feed consumption per 1 goal., Kg 3,081 3.61 3.26 3.24 2.97 The cost of feed per 1 kg of growth, kg 1,59 1.99 1.73 1.70 1,6 The average daily gain in live weight, g 52,46 48.88 51.04 51.48 51.71

Table 4 The content of vitamins and minerals in the liver of broiler chickens during slaughter Vitamins and minerals Units Rev. Groups 1-control 2-experience 3-experience 4-experience 5th experience A mcg / g 172.7 159.9 153.7 153.9 166.1 E mcg / g 11.9 7.7 7.9 9.2 10.5 B ₂ mcg / g 13.0 11.9 12,2 12.3 12,4 Zn mg /% 18.7 15,2 18.1 18,4 19.0 Mn mg /% 1.8 1.3 1.7 1.8 1.9 Cu mg /% 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5

The data obtained during the balance sheet experiment are presented in table 5.

Table 5 Feed nutrient utilization,% Indicator Group 1 to) 2 3 four 5 Protein digestibility 88.5 79,4 86.7 87.5 88.1 Nitrogen use 48,2 40.1 46.7 47.0 48.1 Lysine availability 85,4 79.3 83.8 84.1 85.0 methionine 87.2 80,4 86.3 86.8 87.1 Fat digestibility 81.3 77,2 80,4 81.0 81.0 Using
calcium 40.7 32,4 40,0 40,4 40.6 phosphorus 33.5 28.7 30.5 32,0 32,4

Table 6 Changes in live weight and daily average growth of pigs (X ± m _x ; n = 3) Indicators Groups I II III Live weight, kg, at the beginning of the experiment 30.20 ± 0.25 30.10 ± 0.36 30.00 ± 0.31 at the end of the experiment 112.30 ± 1.16 124.14 ± 1.73 128.41 ± 1.54 Absolute gain in live weight, kg 82.13 ± 1.07 94.04 ± 1.48 98.41 ± 1.31 The average daily gain, g 510 ± 7 584 ± 9 611 ± 8 as a percentage of group I one hundred 114.5 119.8 Relative increase,% 115.2 121.9 124.2 The gain in live weight in the first 100 days of the experiment, kg 44.31 ± 0.57 50.86 ± 0.80 54.24 ± 0.91 in% to group I one hundred 114.8 122.4

Table 7 1. Scheme of experience Group Quantity Goal Feeding Features 1 Control one hundred Main Diet (OP) 2 Experienced one hundred OP + 2.5 ml biosparin centrate (5-28 days) OR + 5 ml biosparin centrate (29-42 days) 3 Experienced one hundred OP + 0.005 ml biostim (1-10 day) OP + 0.01 ml biostim (11-20 days) OP + 0.015 ml biostim (21-49 days) 4 Experienced one hundred OP + 0.25% glauconite from CB ration 5 Experienced one hundred OP + 0.25% Glaucurin from CB Diet 6 Experienced one hundred OP + 0.25% glauconite from CB ration + biostim 0.005 ml (1-10 day) OP + 0.25% glauconite from CB ration + biostim 0.01 ml (11-20 days) OP + 0.25% glauconite from CB ration + biostim 0.015 ml (21-42 days)

Table 8 2. Changes in live weight of broiler chickens during the experiment, g (X ± S _x , n = 10) Indicator Group 1 control 2 experienced 3 experienced 4 experienced 5 experienced 6 experienced Live weight, g:
- at the beginning of the experiment 46.00 ± 0.39 45.70 ± 0.33 45.90 ± 0.50 45.7 ± 0.54 45.80 ± 0.53 45.60 ± 0.37 - at the end of the experiment 2032 ± 72.43 2165 ± 39.48 2230 ± 42.30 2280 ± 40.96 2335 ± 45.98 2215 ± 44.75 Absolute weight gain, g 1986 ± 72.34 2119.3 ± 39.72 2184.1 ± 42.24 2234.3 ± 40.95 2289.2 ± 46.14 2169.4 ± 44.63 The average daily gain, g 47.29 ± 1.72 50.46 ± 0.94 52.00 ± 1.00 53.20 ± 0.98 54.50 ± 1.10 51.65 ± 1.06 % to control one hundred 106.7 109.9 112.5 115.3 109,2

Claims (4)

1. Compound feed contaminated with mycotoxins, containing the following components,%: wheat - 27.01-21.35, corn - 30.0-35.0, corn gluten - 7.0, soybean meal - 15.0-3.0 , sunflower meal - 10.0-0.0, sunflower meal - 0.0-3.0, soybean meal - 0.0-20.03, tricalcium phosphate - 1.75-1.40, fish meal - 3, 48-2.85, limestone - 0.01-0.11, sunflower oil - 3.91-4.71, table salt - 0.28-0.21, premix - 1.0, methionine - 0.15- 0.13, lysine - 0.41-0.21, characterized in that it additionally contains glauconite in an amount of 0.125-0.375%. 2. Compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that glauconite is introduced into it in the form of a powder. 3. Compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that glauconite is introduced into it in the form of grains. 4. Compound feed contaminated with mycotoxins, containing the following components,%: wheat - 21,401-20,0, corn - 30,0-35,0, barley - 10,0-6,3, corn gluten - 7,0-6, 5, soybean meal - 13.2-12.0, sunflower meal - 5.0-6.0, dicalcium phosphate - 0.04-0.60, fish meal - 8.6-6.2, limestone - 1, 25-1.75, sunflower oil - 2.78-4.75, table salt - 0.0-0.10, premix - 0.5, DL-methionine - 0.05, L-lysine - 0.23- 0.30, characterized in that 2-4% of the feed is replaced by glauconite in an amount of 2-4%.