RU2362231C1 - Exchange device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: energy technology.

SUBSTANCE: invention belongs to the field of high currency energy impulse electrical energy technology. The exchange device consists of a vacuum chamber, with two wires inside, stationary and moving electrodes, each in contact with two, identical contact elements. Each contact element is electrically joined to the wire with the aid of the appropriate current contact jaw. Furthermore, each current contact comprises a braced, current distributor. Each braced, current distributor includes between the primary and secondary current distributor a vertical outer strip. The horizontal, middle strip is in the form of a coil whose rings are unidirectionally turned down beneath the direct corner in the direction of the exit wire. The bent, outside end of the coil is coupled beneath the direct corner with the second outer strip, which is in the shape of an right-angled bracket, whose side flange is parallel to the plane of the coil in the central part and located between the orthogonal to it and parallel between the primary and secondary lateral elements. Furthermore, the length of the accompanying bent, internal ring of the wire from the secondary lateral element is less than the length of the primary lateral element for the length of the primary outer section of the braced, current distributor.

EFFECT: reduction of dimensions, energy loss, increase in the nominal exchange current with the simultaneous exclusion of erosion of the contact elements.

17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to high-current pulsed power.

It is known from the prior art that a switching device comprising a vacuum chamber with a lateral outlet, a movable and stationary electrodes mounted coaxially in a vacuum chamber, while the working sections of the stationary and movable electrodes are made in the form of coaxially arranged conical surfaces, is connected to the upper end of the evacuated chamber frameless coil, covering the outside of the evacuated chamber, and the lower end of the coil is the positive output of the switching devices a, the negative terminal of which is made in the form of a rod connected to a movable electrode (see copyright certificate SU - A - No. 1969959, 1967).

The disadvantage of this switching device is that it does not provide effective protection of the electrodes against erosion, since the magnetic field generated by the coil at the point where the electrodes open is insufficient to provide the necessary (from the point of view of the absence of electrode erosion) speed of movement of the plasma column of the arc discharge).

There is also known a switching device comprising a vacuum chamber with first and second input leads, a fixed and a movable electrode mounted coaxially in a vacuum chamber, and also the first and second buses in the form of placed opposite each other in a vacuum chamber and perpendicular to the axis along which the fixed and movable electrodes, elongated plates connected respectively to the first and second input terminals, while the fixed electrode is made in the form of a contact element, rigidly and electrically connected to the second elongated plate, the movable electrode is connected to the first elongated plate by means of flexible current leads and is arranged to ensure a uniform gap between the contact element and the wall of the through hole made in the first bus and the outside of the evacuated chamber and along the entire length of the first and second tires there is a source of an external transverse constant magnetic field (see copyright certificate SU - A - No. 196960, 1967). This device is taken as a prototype as the closest to the invention in terms of essential features.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the placement of the source of the external transverse magnetic field outside the evacuated chamber leads not only to a significant increase in the dimensions of the device, but also to significant energy costs associated with the need to create a high magnetic field strength (10 ³ oersted) in everything (large enough) the volume between the elongated plates.

The present invention is aimed at solving the technical problem of reducing the dimensions of the switching device, reducing energy consumption while increasing the nominal current of the switched current by creating a transverse magnetic field in the interelectrode gap that allows the plasma column of the arc discharge to move between each pair of contact elements of the movable and fixed electrodes in a closed trajectories.

The problem is solved in that in the switching device containing two buses located in the evacuated chamber, made in the form of identical parallel to and opposite each other, respectively, of the first and second elongated metal plates, electrically connected respectively to the first and second input terminals, as well as movable and fixed electrodes located along a vertical axis perpendicular to both elongated plates and lying vertically common in the corresponding elongated plates the longitudinal plane of symmetry, while in the first elongated plate there is made a through hole coaxial with the aforementioned vertical axis with dimensions that provide the same clearance between the walls of the through hole and the movable electrode when it is axially moved, and the movable and fixed electrodes are electrically connected respectively to the first and second elongated plate , according to the invention, the fixed electrode is made in the form of two identical contact elements, in the second elongated plate is made coaxial the through axis, in which, with electrical isolation from each other and symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry, the contact elements of the fixed electrode are placed and connected by means of an annular element of dielectric material with a second elongated plate, the movable electrode is also made in the form of two identical contact elements, which are located with a gap relative to each other, symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry and pairwise opposite active elements of the fixed electrode, to enable movement along the vertical axis, the movable electrode is equipped with a rod element that is made of dielectric material and is equipped with two identical conductive elements located symmetrically with respect to both the longitudinal plane of symmetry and perpendicular to it and passing through the vertical axis of the first vertical plane , conductive elements are located on the lower portion of the rod element, rigidly connected to it, while the lower ends of the conductive elements are mechanically and electrically connected to the contact element of the movable electrode corresponding to each of them, and the upper parts of the conductive elements are electrically connected to the first elongated plate using a current supply corresponding to each of them, and the current supply between the first conductive element and the first elongated plate includes serially connected the first flexible current lead and the first hard current lead, the current lead between the second conductive element ntom and the first elongated plate includes a second flexible current lead and a second hard current lead connected in series, the first and second contact elements of the fixed electrode are electrically connected to the second elongated plate using the third and fourth hard conductors, respectively, forming the first pair of the first and fourth hard conductors made identical forming the second pair of the second and third hard conductors are made identical and mirror-symmetrical with respect to the rigid to the conductors of the first pair, each rigid current lead includes a horizontal middle section located between the first and second vertical extreme sections in the form of a rectangular half-turn, the ends of which are unidirectionally bent at a right angle to the input terminals, while the outward-curved end of the half-turn is mated at right angles with the first extreme section, and the end of the half-turn bent inward is mated at right angles with the second extreme section, which is made in the form of an unequal rectangular bracket, the shelf of which is parallel to the half-turn plane of the middle section and is located between the first and second side elements orthogonal to it and parallel to each other, the length of the second side element mating with the end bent inward is less than the length of the first side element by the length of the first extreme section of the hard current lead, the first and second rigid conductors are located above the first elongated plate, symmetrically with respect to its longitudinal plane of symmetry and with the same gap between the ends of the same name coils, as well as the first and second extreme sections, half-turns of the first and second hard conductors are located in a plane parallel to the first elongated plate and at a distance from it equal to the length of the first extreme sections electrically connected to the first elongated plate, half-coils of the third and fourth hard conductors are located in a plane parallel to the second elongated plate and at the same distance from it, equal to the length of the first extreme sections electrically connected to the second elongated plate, the first cr the lower sections of all the hard conductors are located in the second vertical plane, the first side elements of the second extreme sections of all the hard conductors are located in the third vertical plane, and the second side elements of the second extreme sections of all the hard conductors are located in the fourth vertical plane, the second, third and fourth vertical planes parallel to the first vertical plane, relative to which half-turns of all rigid current conductors are symmetrically located, the upper ends of the first of the shunt elements of the third and fourth hard conductors are electrically and mechanically connected respectively to the first and second contact element of the fixed electrode, recesses opposite each other are made on opposite sides of the shelves of the second extreme sections of the first and second hard conductors, forming together coaxial with the aforementioned vertical axis a hole in which the rod element is placed with the possibility of axial movement and close to the corresponding first side elements the other end of the first flexible current lead is fixed to the first conductive element, and its other end to the upper surface of the flange of the first hard current path, one end of the second flexible current lead is fixed to the second conductive element, and its other end to the upper surface of the flange of the second hard current path, both flexible conductors are made the same.

The main advantages of the proposed switching device over the prototype are as follows. The execution of both the fixed and the movable electrodes in the form of two identical contact elements located in pairs opposite each other and connected through a current lead to each contact element with a corresponding elongated plate, made it possible to distribute the switched current between two identical parallel branches, and therefore, to achieve the first technical The result is an increase in the nominal current of the switched current. The use of hard current leads in each current element with a certain structural design of the middle horizontal section, the first and second extreme sections ensured the creation of a transverse magnetic field in the interelectrode gap, causing the plasma column of the arc discharge to move between each pair of contact elements along a closed path. This ensures the achievement of the following technical results: reducing the size of the switching device due to the absence of any nodes or elements located outside the evacuated chamber; reduction of energy costs due to the creation of its own, and not an external transverse magnetic field of the required strength only within the interelectrode gap; reduction of erosion of contact elements due to the movement of the plasma column of arc discharges along a closed path. Other advantages of the proposed switching device will be noted below.

и

поперечного магнитного поля; на фиг.8 - неподвижный и подвижной электроды, увеличено; на фиг.9 - распределение компонент

и

поперечного магнитного поля вдоль оси Y; на фиг.10 - распределение силовых линий магнитного поля в плоскости В-В сечения; на фиг.11 - распределение компоненты

поперечного магнитного поля; на фиг.12 - распределение силовых линий магнитного поля в плоскости Г-Г сечения; на фиг.13 - распределение компоненты

поперечного магнитного поля; на фиг.14 - распределение направления компоненты Н_х поперечного магнитного поля в межэлектродном промежутке; на фиг.15 - распределение Н_х вдоль оси Y; на фиг.16 - распределение направления компоненты Н_у поперечного магнитного поля в межэлектродном промежутке; на фиг.17 - траектории перемещения опорных пятен дуговых разрядов под действием сил, обусловленных поперечным магнитным полем в межэлектродном промежутке.Figure 1 shows a switching device, front view, partial section; figure 2 is the same top view; figure 3 is the same view from below; figure 4 - hard conductors, General view; figure 5 - distribution of the lines of force of the magnetic field in the plane aa section; figure 6 is the same in the plane BB section; figure 7 - distribution of components

and

transverse magnetic field; on Fig - fixed and movable electrodes, increased; figure 9 - distribution of components

and

a transverse magnetic field along the Y axis; figure 10 - distribution of the lines of force of the magnetic field in the plane BB section; figure 11 - distribution of components

transverse magnetic field; on Fig - distribution of the lines of force of the magnetic field in the plane G-G section; Fig.13 - distribution of components

transverse magnetic field; on Fig - distribution of the direction of the component H _{x the} transverse magnetic field in the interelectrode gap; on Fig - distribution of H _x along the axis Y; on Fig - distribution of the direction of the component H _{at the} transverse magnetic field in the interelectrode gap; on Fig - trajectory of the movement of the supporting spots of the arc discharges under the action of forces due to the transverse magnetic field in the interelectrode gap.

The switching device contains (Fig.1-3) evacuated (sealed) chamber 1 with the first 2 and second 3 input terminals. In the cavity of the evacuated chamber 1 there are placed along the vertical axis 4, firstly, a fixed electrode made in the form of two identical contact elements 5.1 and 5.2, preferably having the shape of a circular segment, and secondly, with the possibility of moving along the axis 4 of the movable an electrode made, similarly to a fixed electrode, in the form of two identical contact elements 6.1 and 6.2, preferably having the shape of a circular segment. Contact elements 6.1 and 6.2 are connected via a rod element 7 to a drive (not shown), preferably induction-dynamic (see patent RU - C1 - No. 2207647, 2003) through a corresponding sealed inlet of a vacuum chamber 1. In addition, in the evacuated chamber 1 are placed electrically connected respectively to the first 2 and second 3 input terminals of the first and second parallel to each other buses, which are made in the form of, respectively, the first 8 and second 9 identical elongated metal plates located perpendicular to axis 4 lying in the corresponding elongated plates 8 and 9 of a common vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry 10. In the first elongated plate 8, a through hole 11 is coaxial to axis 4, the radius of which is 0.1-0.3 mm greater than the radius of the circumference of the contact elements 6.1 and 6.2, which are located with a gap relative to each other and symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10. If the contact elements 6.1 and 6.2 are made in a different shape, the through hole 11 must have a shape corresponding to the contact elements 6.1 and 6.2, and its size is selected from the condition of ensuring around the contact elements 6.1 and 6.2 the same guaranteed clearance of 0.1-0.3 mm , between them and the wall of the through hole 11 with axial movement of the movable electrode.

Similarly, in the second elongated plate 9, a through hole 12 is made, coaxial to the axis 4. The contact elements 5.1 and 5.2 of the fixed electrode are placed in the hole 12 in pairs opposite the contact elements 6.1 and 6.2, respectively, with electrical isolation from each other and symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10. The contact elements 5.1 and 5.2 are mechanically connected to the second elongated plate 9 by means of an annular element 13 made of dielectric material located also in the hole 12, which ensures their electrical isolation from the elongated plate 9 (Fig. 3).

The rod element 7 of the movable electrode is made of dielectric material and is equipped with two identical conductive elements 14 and 15 that are electrically isolated from each other, which are located on the lower portion of the rod element 7, are rigidly connected to it and are located symmetrically with respect to both the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10 and the first a vertical plane 16, which is perpendicular to the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10 and passes through the axis 4. The conductive elements 14 and 15 are preferably made from a profile open section (an annular segment, a U-shaped, etc.), while the lower ends of the conductive elements 14 and 15 are mechanically and electrically connected respectively to the contact element 6.1 and the contact element 6.2 of the movable electrode.

The conductive elements 14 and 15 in their upper part are electrically connected to the first elongated plate 8 using a current lead corresponding to each of them, including a rigid and flexible current lead connected in series. The hard current lead 17 having constant constant dimensions along its entire length to the conductive element 14 and made mirror-symmetrical with respect to it (in other words, with the same geometric parameters), the hard current lead 18 to the conductive element 15 is located above the first elongated plate 8 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) and symmetrically with respect to its longitudinal plane of symmetry 10. Each rigid current lead 17 and 18 has a horizontal middle section (Fig.2-4) located between the first and second vertical extreme sections, preferably made in one piece with him. The middle sections of the rigid conductors 17 and 18 are located in a plane parallel to the first elongated plate 8, and each middle section is made in the form of a rectangular half-turn 17.1 (18.1), the ends 17.2 and 17.3 (18.2 and 18.3) of which are unidirectionally bent at a right angle and are parallel to the longitudinal the symmetry plane 10 of the elongated plates 8 and 9 so that the ends 17.2 and 18.2 bent outwardly respectively, the ends 17.2 and 18.2 and the half-turns 17.1 and 18.1 bent outwardly respectively, the ends 17.3 and 18.3 are pairwise parallel to each other and are arranged opposite in pairs each other with a gap of δ relative to each other, and the half-turns 17.1 and 18.1 themselves are located symmetrically with respect to the plane 16.

The outwardly curved end 17.2 of the half-coil 17.1 faces the first input terminal 2 and is connected (electrically and mechanically) to the first elongated plate 8 by means of the first extreme section 17.4, which corresponds to a rigid current lead 17 and is located at right angles to the end 17.2 of the half-coil 17.1. Likewise, the end 18.2 of the half-turn 18.1 bent outward and turned toward the first input terminal 2 is connected to the first elongated plate 8 by means of the corresponding rigid current lead 18 and located at right angles to the end 18.2 of the first extreme section 18.4. The first extreme sections 17.4 and 18.4 are located in the second vertical plane perpendicular to the first elongated plate 8 and parallel to the plane 16.

The second extreme sections of the rigid conductors 17 and 18 are made in the form of equal unequal rectangular (U-shaped) brackets, shelves 17.5 and 18.5 of which are parallel to the plane of half-turns 17.1 and 18.1, respectively, with each shelf 17.5 (18.5) located between orthogonally located to it and parallel between the first 17.6 (18.6) and second 17.7 (18.7) side elements. The shelves 17.5 and 18.5, respectively, of the second extreme sections of the hard conductors 17 and 18 are located in a plane parallel to the first elongated plate 8 and at a distance from it equal to the length of the first side elements 17.6 (18.6), which is longer than the length of the ends 17.3 (18.3) conjugated inwardly bent second lateral elements 17.7 (18.7) to the length of the first extreme sections 17.4 (18.4). The first side elements 17.6 and 18.6, as well as the second side elements 17.7 and 18.7 are located in their respective third and fourth vertical planes parallel to plane 16.

On the sides of the shelves 17.5 and 18.5 facing each other, recesses 19 and 20 are arranged opposite each other, forming, together with the axis 4, a hole in which the core element 7 is axially movable. In other words, the hole formed by the recesses 19 and 20 is essentially, the guide is a cut sleeve for the rod element 7 of the movable electrode, while the rod element 7 is located close to the surfaces of the first side elements 17.6 and 18.6, which are facing the corresponding second side element ntam 17.7 and 18.7. The ends 17.3 and 18.3, bent inwardly, respectively, of the half-turns 17.1 and 18.1, are connected at right angles to the second side element 17.7 and 18.7 corresponding to each of them, respectively, of the second extreme sections of the rigid conductors 17 and 18.

One end of the flexible conductor 21 is mounted on the conductive element 14, and its other end is on the upper surface of the shelf 17.5. Similarly, one end of the flexible current lead 22 is mounted on the conductive element 15, and its other end is on the upper surface of the flange 18.5, while the flexible conductors 21 and 22 are made the same (figure 2).

The contact elements 5.1 and 5.2 of the fixed electrode are electrically connected to the second elongated plate 9 through the respective hard conductors 23 and 24 corresponding to each of them. The conductors 23 and 24 have the shape and geometrical dimensions the same as the rigid conductors 18 and 17, respectively, but are located under the second elongated plate 9 and symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10. Thus, the hard conductor 23 as well as the hard conductor 18 includes: a middle portion in the form of a rectangular half-coil 23.1, the ends 23.2 and 23.3 of which are unidirectionally bent at a right angle to the second input terminal 3 and are parallel to the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10; the first extreme section 23.4, connected on one side to the second elongated plate 9, and on the other hand, mated at right angles to the outward curved end 23.2 of the half-turn 23.1; the second extreme section in the form of an unequal rectangular bracket with a shelf 23.5, the first side element 23.6 and the second side element 23.7, conjugated at an angle of 90 ° with the end 23.3, which is bent into the half-turn 23.1. Similarly, the hard lead 24 as well as the hard lead 17 includes: a middle portion in the form of a rectangular half-turn 24.1, the ends 24.2 and 24.3 of which are unidirectionally bent at right angles to the side of the second input terminal 3 and are parallel to the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10; the first extreme section 24.4, connected on one side to the second elongated plate 9, and on the other hand, mated at right angles to the end 24.2, bent outward half-turn 24.1; the second extreme section in the form of an unequal rectangular bracket with a shelf 24.5, the first side element 24.6 and the second side element 24.7, mated at right angles to the end 24.3, bent into the half-turn 24.1.

In addition, the ends 23.2 and 24.2 bent outward of the half-turns 23.1 and 24.1 and the ends 23.3 and 24.3 bent inward of the half-turns 23.1 and 24.3 are pairwise parallel to each other and are arranged in pairs opposite each other with a gap δ relative to each other, and the half-turns 23.1 and 24.1 themselves are symmetrically located planes 16. The first extreme sections 23.4 and 24.4, the first side elements 23.6 and 24.6, as well as the second side elements 23.7 and 24.7, respectively, are located in the same planes parallel to plane 16 as the first extreme sections 17.4 and 18.4, the first side electric Items 17.6 and 18.6, as well as second side elements 17.7 and 18.7. In turn, the middle sections of the hard conductors 23 and 24 are located in a plane parallel to the second elongated plate 9, and at the same distance from it as the middle sections of the hard conductors 17 and 18 relative to the first elongated plate 8. As for the shelves 23.5 and 24.5 then they are located in a plane parallel to the second elongated plate 9, and preferably at the same distance from it as the shelves 17.5 and 18.5 with respect to the first elongated plate 8. The upper ends of the first side elements 23.6 and 24.6 are electrically and mechanically connected to responsibly with the contact element 5.1 and the contact element 5.2 of the fixed electrode. A hard current lead 24 differs from a hard current lead 17 only in the absence of a recess 19 thereof, and a hard current lead 23 differs from a hard current lead 18 in only the absence of a recess 20. Thus, two pairs of hard conductors 17 and 23 are made mirror-symmetrical with respect to each other, and also 18 and 24 are arranged in pairs symmetrically with respect to a plane 25 parallel to both elongated plates 8 and 9 equally distant from them. On the other hand, the rigid conductors 17 and 18 made mirror-symmetrical are located symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10, and their first extreme sections 17.4 and 18.4; the ends 17.2, 18.2 and 17.3 and 18.3, as well as the shelves 17.5, 18.5, the first side elements 17.6, 18.6 and the second side elements 17.7, 18.7 are located with a gap of δ relative to each other and symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10. The aforementioned is also true for rigid conductors 23 and 24, also made mirror-symmetrical. The following notation is also used in the drawings: AA and BB — sectional planes parallel to plane 16 and located at the same distance from it; B-B and G-D are section planes parallel to the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10 and located at the same distance from it. Curved lines with an arrow show the lines of force of the magnetic field, straight lines with an arrow indicate the directions of currents I ₀ , I ₁ , I ₂ , I ₃ and I ₄ . The intersection line of plane 25 with plane 16 is indicated by the x axis. The line of intersection of the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10 with plane 25 is indicated by the Y axis, and the line of intersection of the longitudinal plane of 10 symmetry with plane 16 (axis 4) is additionally indicated by the letter Z. The line of intersection of the plane AA of the section with plane 25 is indicated by 26, and with the longitudinal plane 10 symmetry is indicated by 27. The line of intersection of the BB plane of the section with plane 25 is indicated by 28, and with the longitudinal plane of 10 symmetry is indicated by 29. The line of intersection of the BB plane of section with plane 25 is indicated by she is 30, and with a plane 16 - at 31. The intersection line of the G-D plane of the section with plane 25 is indicated at 32, and with plane 16 - at 33. The reference spots of arc discharges on contact element 5.1 and contact element 5.2 are indicated by 34 and 37 , closed trajectories of the movement of the reference spots of the arc discharges are indicated by the positions 35 and 36, respectively.

The operation of the switching device is as follows. In the initial position, the movable electrode is in its lowest position (Fig. 1, as well as Fig. 8). In other words, the contact elements 5.1 and 6.1, as well as the contact elements 5.2 and 6.2 are close to each other. The pressure in the evacuated chamber 1 is at the level of (5-8) · 10 ^-6 Torr, and the first 2 and second 3 input terminals are connected to the switched section of the DC circuit. As a result, the switched current I ₀ flows from the first input terminal 2 to the second input terminal 3 sequentially through the first elongated plate 8, through two parallel connected and having the same resistance electrical branches and through the second elongated plate 9 connected to the second input terminal 3. the first electric branch includes a hard conductor 17 connected in series, a flexible conductor 21, a conductive element 14, a movable electrode contact element 6.1, a fixed contact element 5.1 the electrode and the hard conductor 23. The second electrical branch includes a hard conductor 18, a flexible conductor 22, a conductive element 15, a contact electrode 6.2 of a movable electrode, a contact element 5.2 of a fixed electrode and a hard conductor 24. Here it should be noted that since the hard conductors 17 and 18 are made mirror-symmetric with respect to each other, flexible conductors 21 and 22 are made identical, conductive elements 14 and 15 are made the same, contact elements 5.1 and 5.2, and Since the contact elements 6.1 and 6.2 are made identical and, finally, the hard conductors 23 and 24 are made mirror-symmetrical with respect to each other, the electrical resistance of both of the above-mentioned electric branches is the same. Therefore, the current I ₁ (figure 4), current through the hard current lead 17, current I ₂ , current through the hard current lead 18, current I ₃ , current through the hard current lead 23, and current I ₄ , current through the hard current lead 24 satisfy the ratio: I ₁ = I ₂ = I ₃ = I ₄ = I _0/2 . The magnetic forces acting on the rod element 7 of the movable electrode and the arc discharge between each pair of contact elements 5.1, 6.1 and 5.2, 6.2 are due to the component of the magnetic field transverse relative to axis 4 in the interelectrode gap. When using the construction of hard conductors 17, 18, 23 and 24 described above, the parameters of the transverse magnetic field in the interelectrode gap are almost completely (97-99%) due to the magnetic fields created by:

- current I ₁ flowing along the half-turn 17.1 and along the shelf 17.5 of the second extreme section of the hard current lead 17;

- current I ₂ flowing through the half-turn 18.1 and along the shelf 18.5 of the second extreme section of the hard current lead 18;

- current I ₃ flowing along the half-turn 23.1 and along the shelf 23.5 of the second extreme section of the hard current lead 23;

- current I ₄ flowing through the half-turn 24.1 and along the shelf 24.5 of the second extreme section of the hard current lead 24.

The main parameters of H _x and H _{at the} transverse magnetic field in the interelectrode gap can be determined from an analysis of the distribution of the components H _x and H _{at the} transverse magnetic field in plane 25, namely: for H _x along lines 26 and 28 of the intersection of planes A-A and B - B sections with a plane of 25, and for H _y along the lines 30 and 32 of the intersection of the planes B-B and G-D of the section with the plane 25, while the planes A-A and BB sections are located at the same distance from plane 16, and planes BB and GG sections are located at the same distance from the longitudinal plane 10 symmetry (figure 2).

поперечного магнитного поля вдоль линий 26 пересечения плоскости А-А сечения с плоскостью 25 имеет вид двугорбой четной функции относительно проходящей через ее минимум

(min) продольной плоскости 10 симметрии (фиг.7).As follows from figure 5, the magnetic field (in the drawings, the magnetic field lines are shown in the form of curved lines with arrows), created in the plane AA of the section by currents I ₁ and I ₃ flowing in the middle sections of the half-turns 17.1 and 23.1, respectively, has the maximum value in the area located between the sections of the half-turns 17.1 and 23.1 mentioned above. Similarly, the magnetic field generated in the plane AA of the cross section by currents I ₂ and I ₄ flowing in the middle sections of the half-turns 18.1 and 24.1, respectively, has the same direction and maximum value in the region located between the above-mentioned sections of the half-turns 18.1 and 24.1. Since the currents I ₁ and I ₄ are equal to each other, the distribution of the component

of a transverse magnetic field along lines 26 of intersection of the plane AA of the section with plane 25 has the form of a two-humped even function with respect to passing through its minimum

(min) the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10 (Fig.7).

поперечного магнитного поля вдоль линии 28 пересечения плоскости Б-Б сечения с плоскостью 25 имеет также, как и в рассмотренном выше случае для

вид двугорбой четной функции относительно проходящей через ее минимум продольной плоскости 10 симметрии, однако величина и направление (знак) компоненты

в области ее минимума будет определяться не только расстоянием между средними участками соответственно полувитков 17.1, 18.1 и 23.1, 24.1, но и расстоянием между первой 17.5, 18.5 и второй 23.5, 24.5 парами полок соответственно вторых крайних участков жестких токопроводов 17, 18, 23 и 24.In contrast to the above, the magnetic field in the BB plane of the cross section is created not only by currents I ₁ and I ₃ flowing in the middle sections of the half-turns 17.1 and 23.1, respectively, currents I ₂ and I ₄ flowing in the middle sections of the half-turns 18.1 and 24.1, respectively, but and currents I ₁ and I ₂ flowing respectively on the shelves 17.5 and 18.5, as well as currents I ₃ and I ₄ flowing respectively on the shelves 23.5 and 24.5 (Fig.6). It should be noted here that the direction of the magnetic field created by currents I ₁ and I ₂ flowing along the shelves 17.5 and 18.5, respectively, as well as currents I ₃ and I ₄ flowing respectively through the shelves 23.5 and 24.5, in the region located between these two pairs shelves (respectively 17.5, 18.5 and 23.5, 24.5), has a direction that is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field created in the same region by currents I ₁ and I ₃ flowing in the middle sections of the half-turns 17.1 and 23.1, respectively, as well as currents I ₂ and I ₄ flowing through the middle sections, respectively half turns 18.1 and 24.1. Therefore, although the distribution of the component

the transverse magnetic field along the line 28 of the intersection of the plane BB section with the plane 25 has also, as in the case considered above for

the form of a two-humped even function relative to the symmetry of the longitudinal plane 10 passing through its minimum, however, the magnitude and direction (sign) of the component

in the region of its minimum, it will be determined not only by the distance between the middle sections of the semi-turns 17.1, 18.1 and 23.1, 24.1, respectively, but also by the distance between the first 17.5, 18.5 and the second 23.5, 24.5 pairs of shelves, respectively, of the second extreme sections of the hard conductors 17, 18, 23 and 24 .

поперечного магнитного поля вдоль линии 28 пересечения плоскости Б-Б сечения с плоскостью 25 со следующими параметрами. Во-первых, величина компоненты

поперечного магнитного поля в минимуме -

(min) (в точке пересечения упомянутой выше линии 28 с продольной плоскостью 10 симметрии) равна по величине компонентеIn other words, the proposed implementation of the hard conductors 17, 18, 23 and 24 provides the ability to create a distribution of components

transverse magnetic field along the line 28 of the intersection of the plane BB section with the plane 25 with the following parameters. First, the magnitude of the component

transverse magnetic field at a minimum -

(min) (at the intersection of the above-mentioned line 28 with the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10) is equal in magnitude to the component

поперечного магнитного поля в минимуме -

(min), но противоположно ей направлена. Во-вторых, расстояние - L между точками, расположенными симметрично относительно продольной плоскости 10 симметрии и соответствующими нулевому значению

не менее чем в два раза больше размера образующих межэлектродный промежуток подвижного и неподвижного электродов в направлении оси х (фиг.7). Учитывая также то обстоятельство, что плоскости А-А и Б-Б сечения расположены на одинаковом расстоянии от плоскости 16 и никаких других ограничений на это расстояние не накладывается, поэтому в межэлектродном промежутке в направлении вдоль удлиненных пластин 8 и 9 имеет место переход от зависимости

к зависимости

Вследствие этого в межэлектродном промежутке компонента Н_х поперечного магнитного поля принимает нулевое значение в плоскости 16', параллельной плоскости 16 и расположенной от нее на расстоянии, которое не меньше расстояния между плоскостью 16 и первыми боковыми элементами 17.6, 18.6, 23.6 и 24.6 вторых крайних участков соответственно жестких токопроводов 17, 18, 23 и 24 (фиг.8 и 9).

transverse magnetic field at a minimum -

(min), but directed opposite to it. Secondly, the distance - L between points located symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10 and corresponding to a zero value

not less than twice the size of the movable and stationary electrodes forming the interelectrode gap in the x-axis direction (Fig. 7). Given the fact that the planes A-A and B-B cross-sections are located at the same distance from plane 16 and there are no other restrictions on this distance, therefore, in the interelectrode gap in the direction along the elongated plates 8 and 9, there is a transition from the dependence

to addiction

As a result, in the interelectrode gap of the component H _{x of the} transverse magnetic field, it takes a zero value in the plane 16 'parallel to the plane 16 and located from it at a distance that is not less than the distance between the plane 16 and the first side elements 17.6, 18.6, 23.6 and 24.6 of the second extreme sections respectively, hard conductors 17, 18, 23 and 24 (Fig. 8 and 9).

(min), которое направлено перпендикулярно плоскости чертежа (фиг.8) в сторону наблюдателя. Следовательно, на токопроводящие элементы 14 и 15, а также на жестко соединенный с ними стержневой элемент 7, будет действовать сила F, направленная в сторону входных выводов 2 и 3. Для обеспечения жесткости стержневого элемента 7 по отношению к поперечному изгибу без увеличения его массы (а следовательно, без увеличения инерционности системы разведения электродов) жесткие токопроводы 17 и 18 выполнены с первыми боковыми элементами 17.6 и 18.6, к которым вплотную расположен стержневой элемент 7. Таким образом, первые боковые элементы 17.6 и 18.6 выполняют функцию продольных опор для стержневого элемента 7 и могут быть выполнены с необходимой для опор жесткостью, не оказывая при этом какого-либо влияния на инерционность системы разведения электродов. В результате, существенно уменьшается длина консольно расположенного участка стержневого элемента 7 в исходном положении подвижного электрода, а следовательно, существенно снижаются требования к жесткости стержневого элемента 7 по отношению к поперечному изгибу.Thus, in the initial state, the core element 7, as well as the conductive elements 14 and 15 rigidly connected to it, through which currents I ₁ and I ₂ flow respectively, are in a transverse magnetic field

(min), which is directed perpendicular to the plane of the drawing (Fig. 8) towards the observer. Consequently, the force F directed to the input terminals 2 and 3 will act on the conductive elements 14 and 15, as well as on the rod element 7 which is rigidly connected to them. To ensure the rigidity of the rod element 7 with respect to the transverse bending without increasing its mass ( and therefore, without increasing the inertia of the dilution system of the electrodes) the hard conductors 17 and 18 are made with the first side elements 17.6 and 18.6, to which the rod element 7 is closely located. Thus, the first side elements 17.6 and 18.6 function longitudinal supports for the rod member 7 and can be made with the necessary stiffness supports, without exerting any influence on the inertia of the electrode system of dilution. As a result, the length of the cantilever portion of the rod element 7 in the initial position of the movable electrode is significantly reduced, and therefore, the stiffness requirements of the rod element 7 with respect to transverse bending are significantly reduced.

поперечного магнитного поля вдоль линии 30 пересечения плоскости В-В сечения с плоскостью 25 имеет вид нечетной функции относительно линии 31 пересечения плоскости В-В сечения с плоскостью 16 (фиг.11).As for the component H _{in the} transverse magnetic field, then, as follows from Fig. 10, the magnetic field created in the plane of the BB section by currents I ₁ and I ₃ flowing along the extreme elements of the half-turns 17.1 and 23.1, respectively, has a maximum value in the regions located between the above-mentioned sections of the same name (located on both sides relative to the middle sections) of the half-turns 17.1 and 23.1, while the direction of the magnetic field between one pair of adjacent extreme sections of the half-turns 17.1 and 23.1 is opposite to the direction of the mag a field between another pair of adjacent extreme sections of half-turns 17.1 and 23.1. Considering also that I ₁ = I ₃ = I _0/2 , therefore, the distribution of the component

the transverse magnetic field along the line 30 of the intersection of the plane BB-section with the plane 25 has the form of an odd function relative to the line 31 of the intersection of the plane BB-section with the plane 16 (Fig.11).

поперечного магнитного поля вдоль линии 32 пересечения плоскости Г-Г сечения с плоскостью 25 имеет вид нечетной функции относительно линии 33 пересечения плоскости Г-Г сечения с плоскостью 16 (фиг.13).On the other hand, as follows from Fig. 12, the magnetic field created in the G-D plane of the cross section by currents I ₂ and I ₄ flowing along the extreme elements of the half-turns 18.1 and 24.1, respectively, also has a maximum value in the regions located between the above-mentioned ones sections of half-turns 18.1 and 24.1, while the direction of the magnetic field between one pair of adjacent extreme sections of half-turns 18.1 and 24.1 is opposite to the direction of the magnetic field between another pair of adjacent extreme sections of half-turns 18.1 and 24.1. Considering also that I ₁ = I ₄ = I _0/2 , therefore, the distribution of the component

the transverse magnetic field along the line 32 of the intersection of the plane G-G section with the plane 25 has the form of an odd function relative to the line 33 of the intersection of the plane G-G section with the plane 16 (Fig.13).

и

показывает, что они отличаются друг от друга только последовательностью изменения направления магнитного поля. Поскольку плоскости В-В и Г-Г сечения расположены на одинаковом расстоянии от продольной плоскости 10 симметрии и никаких других ограничений на это расстояние не накладывается, то компонента Н_у поперечного магнитного поля в межэлектродном промежутке равна нулю не только в плоскости 16, но и в продольной плоскости 10 симметрии при переходе от зависимости

к зависимости

, при этом переход от зависимости

к зависимости

происходит на длине, соизмеримой с величиной зазора - δ. Таким образом, вблизи стержневого элемента 7 имеет место “магнитная яма” для компоненты Н_у поперечного магнитного поля. Иными словами, в исходном положении на стержневой элемент 7 действует сила, обусловленная только взаимодействием токов I₁ и I₂, протекающих по токопроводящим элементам 14 и 15, с компонентой

поперечного магнитного поля в межэлектродном промежутке. В соответствии с вышесказанным в областях межэлектродного промежутка, расположенных по обе стороны плоскости 16', параллельной плоскости 16, и соответствующих контактным элементам 5.1 и 6.1, компоненты Н_х поперечного магнитного поля равны по величине, параллельны плоскости 16' и противоположно направлены (фиг.14, 15). Аналогичная картина распределения компонент Н_х поперечного магнитного поля имеет место в области межэлектродного промежутка, соответствующей контактным элементам 5.2 и 6.2 (фиг.14). Что касается компонент Н_у поперечного магнитного поля, то в областях межэлектродного промежутка, расположенных по обе стороны плоскости 16 и соответствующих контактным элементам 5.1 и 6.1, компоненты Н_у поперечного магнитного поля перпендикулярны плоскости 16 и направлены в противоположные стороны (фиг.16 и 11). В областях межэлектродного промежутка, расположенных по обе стороны плоскости 16 и соответствующих контактным элементам 5.2 и 6.2, компоненты Н_у поперечного магнитного поля также перпендикулярны к плоскости 16, но направлены встречно (фиг.16 и 13).Dependency Comparison

and

shows that they differ from each other only in the sequence of changes in the direction of the magnetic field. Since the planes B-B and G-G sections are located at the same distance from the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10 and there are no other restrictions on this distance, the component H of _the transverse magnetic field in the interelectrode gap is equal to zero not only in plane 16, but also in the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10 in the transition from dependence

to addiction

, while the transition from dependence

to addiction

occurs at a length commensurate with the gap - δ. Thus, near the core element 7 there is a “magnetic well” for the component H _{at the} transverse magnetic field. In other words, in the initial position, a force acts on the rod element 7, due only to the interaction of the currents I ₁ and I ₂ flowing through the conductive elements 14 and 15 with the component

transverse magnetic field in the interelectrode gap. In accordance with the foregoing, in the regions of the interelectrode gap located on both sides of the plane 16 'parallel to the plane 16 and corresponding to the contact elements 5.1 and 6.1, the components H _{x of the} transverse magnetic field are equal in magnitude, parallel to the plane 16' and oppositely directed (Fig. 14 , fifteen). A similar pattern of the distribution of the H _x components of _the transverse magnetic field takes place in the region of the interelectrode gap corresponding to the contact elements 5.2 and 6.2 (Fig. 14). As for the components H of _the transverse magnetic field, then in the areas of the interelectrode gap located on both sides of the plane 16 and corresponding to the contact elements 5.1 and 6.1, the components H of _the transverse magnetic field are perpendicular to the plane 16 and directed in opposite directions (Figs. 16 and 11) . In the regions of the interelectrode gap located on both sides of the plane 16 and corresponding to the contact elements 5.2 and 6.2, the components H _{at the} transverse magnetic field are also perpendicular to the plane 16, but directed counter-clockwise (Figs. 16 and 13).

When a control signal is applied to the drive (not shown) of the moving electrode, the electrodes are diluted, namely: the first pair of contact elements 6.1 and 5.1 and at the same time the second pair of contact elements 6.2 and 5.2. As a result of the dilution of the electrodes between each pair of contact elements (6.1, 5.1 and 6.2, 5.2), a corresponding vacuum arc discharge arises. In this case, under the action of forces caused by the components H _x and H of _the transverse magnetic field in the interelectrode gap, each plasma column of the arc discharge (like a plasma conductor with current in the transverse magnetic field) will move along a closed path in a volume limited by the corresponding opposite to each other him a pair of contact elements.

направлена в направлении плоскости 16', а обусловленная компонентой Н_у поперечного магнитного поля сила

направлена от продольной плоскости 10 симметрии. В результате одновременного действия на плазменный столб дугового разряда сил

и

происходит перемещение его (а следовательно, и соответствующего ему опорного пятна 34 на контактном элементе 5.1) по криволинейному участку от точки а к точке b, поскольку плазменному столбу дугового разряда будет одновременно сообщаться ускорение как в направлении оси х, так и в направлении оси у. Однако набор скорости в направлении оси х быстро заканчивается, поскольку величина компоненты Н_у поперечного магнитного поля (в отличие от компоненты Н_х, см. фиг.15) быстро убывает в направлении к плоскости 16 (фиг.11). Таким образом, на участке между точками b и с перемещение плазменного столба дугового разряда в направлении оси х происходит практически за счет инерции (приобретенного на участке между точками а и b количества движения), а в направлении оси х - в результате действия силы

Indeed, even if an arc discharge arises between the contact elements 5.1 and 6.1, its reference spot 34 on the contact element 5.1 is at point a (Fig. 17). In this case, two forces acting at right angles to each other will act on the plasma column of the arc discharge, while the force due to the component H _{x of the} transverse magnetic field

is directed in the direction of the plane 16 ', and the force due to the component H _{at the} transverse magnetic field

directed from the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10. As a result of the simultaneous action on the plasma column of an arc discharge

and

it (and therefore the corresponding support spot 34 on the contact element 5.1) moves along a curved section from point a to point b, since acceleration will be simultaneously reported to the plasma column of the arc discharge both in the x axis direction and in the y axis direction. However, the set of speed in the x-axis direction quickly ends, since the magnitude of the H component of _the transverse magnetic field (unlike the H _x component, see Fig. 15) rapidly decreases in the direction of the plane 16 (Fig. 11). Thus, in the region between points b and c, the movement of the plasma column of the arc discharge in the x axis direction occurs almost due to inertia (the momentum acquired in the region between points a and b), and in the direction of the x axis as a result of the force

направление которой противоположно направлению силы

Таким образом, на участке между точками с и е на плазменный столб дугового разряда будет действовать тормозящая сила

в результате чего компонента скорости плазменного столба дугового разряда в направлении оси у станет равной нулю в точке е. Что касается перемещения плазменного столба дугового разряда в направлении оси х (в направлении от продольной плоскости 10 симметрии), то на начальном участке между точками с и d перемещение плазменного столба дугового разряда будет происходить по существу за счет инерции, поскольку величина компоненты Н_у поперечного магнитного поля мала. Здесь необходимо отметить, что в области плоскости 16 компонента Н_у поперечного магнитного поля изменяет свое направление на противоположное, поэтому по мере увеличения компоненты Н_у поперечного магнитного поля на плазменный столб дугового разряда начнет действовать сила

направление которой противоположно направлению силы

В результате действия на плазменный столб дугового разряда тормозящей силы

компонента его скорости в направлении оси х станет равной нулю в точке d, а на участке между точками d и е плазменный столб дугового разряда под действием той же силы

приобретет ускорение в направлении оси х. На участке между точками е и f (аналогично тому, как было описано выше для участка между точками а и b) плазменному столбу дугового разряда будет одновременно сообщаться ускорение как в направлении оси х, так и в направлении оси у. На участке между точками f и g перемещение плазменного столба дугового разряда в направлении оси х (к продольной плоскости 10 симметрии) будет происходить за счет инерции (приобретенного на участке между точками d и f количества движения), а в направлении к оси х (плоскости 16) - в результате действия силы

Further, as a result of a change in the direction of the component H _{x of the} transverse magnetic field to the opposite (Fig. 15), a force will act on the plasma column of the arc discharge

whose direction is opposite to the direction of force

Thus, in the area between points c and e, a braking force will act on the plasma column of the arc discharge

as a result, the velocity component of the plasma column of the arc discharge in the direction of the y axis becomes zero at point e. As for the movement of the plasma column of the arc discharge in the x axis direction (in the direction from the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10), then in the initial section between points c and d the movement of the plasma column of the arc discharge will occur essentially due to inertia, since the magnitude of the component H of _the transverse magnetic field is small. It should be noted here that in the region of plane 16 the component H _{at the} transverse magnetic field reverses its direction, therefore, as the component H increases _{at the} transverse magnetic field, the force starts to act on the plasma column of the arc discharge

whose direction is opposite to the direction of force

As a result of the action of a braking force on the plasma column of an arc discharge

the component of its velocity in the direction of the x axis becomes equal to zero at point d, and in the area between points d and e the plasma column of the arc discharge under the action of the same force

will gain acceleration in the x-axis direction. In the region between the points e and f (in the same way as described above for the region between points a and b), the plasma column of the arc discharge will be simultaneously informed of the acceleration both in the x-axis direction and in the y-axis direction. In the region between points f and g, the movement of the plasma column of the arc discharge in the x axis direction (to the longitudinal plane of symmetry 10) will occur due to inertia (acquired in the region between the points d and f of the momentum), and in the direction to the x axis (plane 16 ) - as a result of the action of force

In the areas between the points g and h, as well as the points h and a, the movement of the plasma column of the arc discharge will occur in the same way as described above for the area between points c and d and the area between points d and e. Therefore, the movement of the plasma column of the arc discharge between the contact elements 5.1 and 6.1 will occur along a closed path 35 and clockwise. Similarly, the movement of the plasma column of the arc discharge between the contact elements 5.2 and 6.2 will also occur along a closed path 36 (the contact spot of this plasma column of the arc discharge on the contact element 5.2 is indicated by 37), but counterclockwise.

Thus, the invention provides, on the one hand, a halving of the magnitude of the current of the arc discharge, and therefore, allows to reduce the temperature of the supporting spots of the plasma column of each arc discharge on the corresponding contact elements. On the other hand, a decrease in the temperature of the supporting spots of each plasma column of the arc discharge is ensured by moving each plasma column of the arc discharge along a closed path. A consequence of the above is the reduction of erosion of contact elements without additional energy consumption.

It should also be noted here that the presence of the ends 17.3 and 18.3, 23.3 and 24.3 bent inwardly corresponding to the half-turns makes it possible to substantially increase the component H _{x of the} transverse magnetic field and thereby virtually eliminates the possibility of evacuating the plasma column of the arc discharge from the interelectrode gap in emergency situations.

The proposed switching device can be used in power systems of pulsed electron beam accelerators, pulsed sources of x-ray, laser and neutron radiation.

Claims (1)

A switching device comprising two buses located in an evacuated chamber, made in the form of identical first and second elongated metal plates located parallel and opposite to each other, electrically connected respectively to the first and second input terminals, as well as a movable and fixed electrodes located along the vertical axis perpendicular to both elongated plates and lying in the corresponding elongated plates of the common vertical longitudinal plane of symmetry, when this, in the first elongated plate there is made a through hole coaxial with the aforementioned vertical axis with dimensions that provide the same clearance between the walls of the through hole and the movable electrode during its axial movement, and the movable and fixed electrodes are electrically connected respectively to the first and second elongated plate, characterized in that the fixed electrode is made in the form of two identical contact elements, in the second elongated plate there is a through hole coaxial to the vertical axis, in which contactors of the fixed electrode are arranged and connected by means of an annular element of dielectric material with a second elongated plate with a torus with electrical isolation relative to each other and symmetrically relative to the longitudinal plane of symmetry, the movable electrode is also made in the form of two identical contact elements, which are located with a gap relative to each other each other, symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal plane of symmetry and pairwise opposite the contact elements of the stationary electron ode, to enable movement along the vertical axis, the movable electrode is equipped with a rod element, which is made of dielectric material and is equipped with two identical conductive elements located symmetrically with respect to both the longitudinal plane of symmetry and perpendicular to it and the first vertical plane passing through the vertical axis, conductive elements placed on the bottom of the rod element, rigidly connected to it, while the lower ends of the conductive elements mechanically and electrically connected to the contact element of the movable electrode corresponding to each of them, and the upper parts of the conductive elements are electrically connected to the first elongated plate using a current lead corresponding to each of them, and the current lead between the first conductive element and the first elongated plate includes a first flexible series-connected current lead and the first hard current lead, current lead between the second conductive element and the first elongated plate VK the second flexible conductor and the second hard conductor are connected in series, the first and second contact elements of the fixed electrode are electrically connected to the second elongated plate using the third and fourth hard conductors, respectively, forming the first pair of the first and fourth hard conductors made the same, forming the second pair of the second and the third hard conductors are made identical and mirror-symmetric with respect to the hard conductors of the first pair, each This current lead includes a horizontal middle section located between the first and second vertical extreme sections in the form of a rectangular half-turn, the ends of which are unidirectionally bent at a right angle to the input terminals, while the end of the half-turn bent outward is mated at right angles to the first extreme section, and bent inward the end of the half-turn is connected at right angles to the second extreme section, which is made in the form of an unequal rectangular bracket, the shelf of which is parallel to the plane of the half-turn of the middle the bottom section and is located between the first and second side elements orthogonal to it and parallel to each other, while the length of the half-turn of the second side element mating with the end bent inward is less than the length of the first side element by the length of the first extreme section of the hard current lead, the first and second hard conductors are located above the first elongated plate, symmetrically with respect to its longitudinal plane of symmetry and with the same gap between the ends of the half-turns of the same name, as well as the first and second edges sections, the third and fourth hard conductors are located under the second elongated plate symmetrically relative to its longitudinal plane of symmetry and with the same equal gap between the ends of the half-turns of the same name, as well as the first and second extreme sections, the half-turns of the first and second hard conductors are located in a plane parallel to the first elongated plate and at a distance from it, equal to the length of the first extreme sections, electrically connected to the first elongated plate, half-turns of the third and fourth of hard conductors are located in a plane parallel to the second elongated plate and at the same distance from it, equal to the length of the first extreme sections electrically connected to the second elongated plate, the first extreme sections of all rigid conductors are located in the second vertical plane, the first side elements of the second extreme sections of all hard conductors are located in the third vertical plane, and the second side elements of the second extreme sections of all hard conductors are located in the fourth vertically the second plane, the second, third and fourth vertical planes parallel to the first vertical plane, with respect to which half-turns of all rigid current conductors are symmetrically located, the upper ends of the first side elements of the third and fourth hard current conductors are electrically and mechanically connected respectively to the first and second contact element of the fixed electrode, on facing each other the sides of the shelves of the second extreme sections of the first and second hard conductors are made opposite d of the other recess, forming together a coaxial hole of the aforementioned vertical axis, in which a rod element is axially displaced and adjacent to the corresponding first side elements, one end of the first flexible current lead is fixed to the first conductive element and its other end to the upper surface of the shelf the first hard current lead, one end of the second flexible current lead is mounted on the second conductive element, and its other end is on the upper surface of the shelf of the second hard current lead water, the two flexible conductive member are identical.

Images