RU2361399C2 - Destruction method of colorado beetle with grinding of potato plant tops and device for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural engineering, particularly to devices of struggle against Colorado beetle. Invention is directed to efficiency increase of struggle against Colorado beetle. Device includes reducer, takeoff shaft, suspended frame on tractor joint hinge, on which it is fixed shaft, connected to driving double-stand sheave. Double-stand sheave through belt transmission is connected to driven pulley, rigidly forced on located symmetrical relative to shaft axis input shafts of reducers of equal structures. On output shaft of reducer it is rigidly fixed vertical shaft, on which it is rigidly forced on disk rotor with fixed on it flexible operative parts, implemented in the form of chamomile petals, on cutting elements of which on unload side there are rigidly fixed aprons for additional beetles impact by grind plant tops, and for changing of cut in height of plant tops on frame there are fixed anvil wheels. On fame there are also fixed bin and distributors.

EFFECT: effectiveness increase of struggle against Colorado beetle.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for controlling insects of plants, more specifically with the Colorado potato beetle.

A known method and device for its implementation, including cutting and throwing tops of root crops [1] and herbs [2] on the vine. The first provides capture and destruction of tops, rotation and throwing aside. In the second method, cutting the harvested crop with an increase in the length of the cut and throwing away the cut mass.

There is also known a method and a device for mechanically shaking off a Colorado potato beetle [3] (prototype), which includes mechanical contact of a flexible element with a bush along its entire length, moving the element across the growth of potatoes, bending the bush with its release. The device includes a gearbox, on the output shaft of which the drive disk is rigidly fixed. A fixed disk is rigidly fixed on the gear case, on which a guide is fixed, which includes the rollers of the drive disk. The rollers are connected through an axis with the internal levers of the rocker arm. Elastic brushes are rigidly fixed on their external levers. The centers of the rocker arm are connected to the disk through the axis, driving the rocker arm. The rocker arm levers copy the guide profile. The external arms of the rocker arm with brushes move along a similar path. The total trajectory and speed of the working part of the brush provide the initial contact of the brush with the potato bush along its entire length. Throughout the entire period of brush contact with the bush, the position of the brush is maintained, and their effect on the potato bush is perpendicular to the direction of growth.

The disadvantages of the prototype is the lack of efficiency in work due to shaking off only the beetles themselves and their larvae on both sides of the leaves and tops, without crushing them, because of which the larvae of the beetles remain in the leaves of the tops. The device is complex, the presence of rockers, discs and shafts reduces the reliability of the design.

The objectives of the invention are to increase the efficiency of potato cultivation during harvesting of tops, by chopping leaves and tops, killing beetles both on foliage and tops, and in the area of influence of flexible working bodies on the fly, as well as simplifying the design.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the device in the idle position.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of the interaction of the device with the tops at the time of its operation.

Figure 3 shows a diagram of the rotor of the device with flexible working bodies at the time of rotation:

a) a general view of the rotor of the brush cutter with flexible working bodies;

b) projection of material points of the working body in the XQZ plane;

c) projection of material points of the working body in the YOZ plane.

A method of destroying a Colorado potato beetle with chopping potato tops includes growing potato bushes in compliance with all agrotechnical requirements and forcing the beetles to move. At the same time, to increase the destruction efficiency of the Colorado potato beetle before harvesting, they allow the growth of tops and beetles to reach the adult stage, make the trajectory of the working body in the form of a cycloid, remove the thickness and break off the fibers of the stem and beetles located on the stems and leaves with impact of a flexible working body, do not squeeze falling under the influence of a flexible working body of beetles with tops of leaves and an apron, they throw the crushed mass to the side on the day surface of the soil with an force greater than the breaking force, and spray the remaining dead bugs with pesticides, forming a green manure fertilizer.

A device for destroying a Colorado potato beetle for implementing the method comprises a frame (1) hung on a tractor hitch, on which a shaft (2) is mounted, connected to a driving double-strand pulley (3), which is connected to a driven pulley (5) through belt drives (4), rigidly mounted on the input shafts of reducers (6) of the same design placed symmetrically with respect to the axis of the shaft. On the output shaft of each gearbox, a vertical shaft 7 is rigidly fixed, on which a disk rotor 8 is rigidly mounted with flexible cable cutting elements 9 mounted on it, made in the form of chamomile petals. On the cutting elements 9 on the non-working side, the aprons 10 are rigidly fixed for additional impact on the beetles with chopped tops. To change the height of the tops of cuts on the frame, support wheels 11 are fixed. On the rear of the frame are fixed a tank for pesticides 12 and a sprayer 13, with the help of which the beetles are sprayed. The working body of the device performs a rotational motion, the trajectory of which in combination with the translational movement of the unit forms a cycloid.

The device operates as follows. The shaft 2 together with the driving pulley 3 receives the drive (torque) from the tractor power take-off shaft. From the driving pulley 3, with the help of the belt 4, the rotation is transmitted to the driven pulley 5, which, through the reducer 6, drives the vertical shaft 7 and the disk rotor 8 with flexible cutting elements 9, which begin to rotate in the horizontal plane.

In the process of cutting the tops of the working body performs both rotational ω and the translational motion V (figure 2). The translational motion determines the amount of feed of the working body when cutting plants. The working body of the device describes a path, the form of which depends on the ratio of cutting speeds v and feed u _p equal to the speed of the tractor, as well as on the position of the axis of the rotor relative to the processed material.

The trajectory of movement of any point of a flexible working body in the horizontal plane will be a cycloid described by a system of parametric equations:

where x, y are the coordinates of the vertices of the flexible working body, m;

u _n - translational speed of the tractor, m / s;

r is the length of the flexible working body, m;

ω is the angular velocity of the flexible working body, s ^-1 ;

t is the time of rotation of the flexible working body at an angle ω · t, s.

As a result of some transformations, we obtain a mathematical model that allows us to calculate the trajectory of the flexible working body, if the angular velocities of the elements included in it are known:

The process of chopping the stem.

According to the law of conservation of momentum, a part of it is converted into a force of impact (chopping):

where P ₀ is the momentum of the cutting part of the cable;

k is a certain coefficient.

As a result of some transformations, we get:

- сила перерубания.

- cutting power.

This force F should be greater than the density of the stem for chopping F _P. This can be achieved by increasing speed.

The use of this device gives both economic and qualitative effect.

List of references

1. RF patent No. 2012184. A device for separating tops from root crops on the vine. BI No. 9, 1994.

2. AS of the USSR No. 1017206. Rotary cutting apparatus of the Nurullins brothers. BI No. 18, 1983.

3. AS of the USSR No. 1813391. A device for mechanically shaking a Colorado potato beetle from plants. BI No. 17, 1993.

Claims (3)

1. A method of destroying a Colorado potato beetle with chopping potato tops, including growing potato bushes and moving beetles, characterized in that before harvesting they allow the growth of tops and beetles to reach the adult stage, they make a working organ trajectory in the form of a cycloid, remove it by thickness and break off with a flexible blow the working organ fibers of the stem and beetles located on the stems and leaves are squeezed not affected by the flexible working organ of the beetles with tops and apron, thrown away to the side from the soil surface elchennuyu mass with a force greater than the tear strength, and sprayed in the air surviving beetles pesticides, forming a green manure fertilizer. 2. A device for destroying a Colorado potato beetle for implementing the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a frame mounted on a tractor hitch, on which a shaft is connected, connected to a leading two-strand pulley, the latter through belt drives connected to a driven pulley, rigidly mounted on placed symmetrically with respect to the axis of the shaft, the input shafts of the gearboxes of the same design, on the output shaft of each gearbox, a vertical shaft is rigidly fixed, on which a disk rotor is rigidly mounted with flexible working bodies mounted on it Anami made in the form of daisy petals, on which the cutting elements on the trailing side aprons are rigidly fixed to the additional pin on beetles chopped tops, tops and for changing the cutting height of the frame support wheels are fixed, tank and distributors. 3. The working body of the device for the destruction of the Colorado potato beetle according to claim 2, characterized in that it is flexible in the form of chamomile petals and performs a rotational movement, the trajectory of which, together with the translational movement of the aggregate, forms a cycloid.

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