RU2360771C2 - Actuating system incorporated with software-hardware complex designed to cut discrete shaped etched images in operating layer of printed circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: proposed complex comprises appliances designed to position the tool and allow it to make a form-building and relative motion. The said appliances include a coordinate mechanical structure to make the tool primary motion relative to operating layer surface and a digital control software system to allow the tool positioning and moving. Aforesaid appliances additionally comprise, at least, one first assembly intended for additional tool motion and allowing the tool holder lengthwise axis turn through a preset angle in, at least, one axis. Note here that the said first unit represents the first appliance of modulating the profile and shape parametres, restricted by the tool primary form-building motion. The said appliance ensures forming the tool integral form-building motion and is furnished with independent drives for every plane of tool turn and software to realised the first additional modulating motion that features various cycle intervals and amplitude of tool holder differential oscillating processes in co-located turn planes.

EFFECT: expanded performances.

12 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The invention relates mainly to the field of machine tool building and can be used in the framework of the State program for the implementation of the modern level of achievements in the field of "nanotechnology" in the leading branches of technology that determine the level of economic development of the country as a whole.

The main area of use is automated mechatronic processing by cutting the functional layer of the product with a complex spatial profile and shape (in plan) of the fragments of the engraving pattern formed in the functional layer of the profile structures of the engraving with a high degree of accuracy, while ensuring the possibility, mainly, simultaneously (i.e., in real time mode) the formation of additional micro- and / or nanostructures functionally special on the surface of the above-mentioned profile structures, additional As a rule, with software-organized (i.e., machine-readable) elements for protecting the product from counterfeiting (i.e., unauthorized reproduction) when using machine tools known from the prior art.

For example, the claimed complex can be successfully implemented in the manufacture of printing forms for metallographic printing used for the production of banknotes / banknotes / and other securities.

The prior art software and hardware complex for forming by cutting discrete profile structures engraving patterns in a functional layer of a printing form, including: a precision metal-cutting machine with an executive system. The executive system contains: positioning tools and relative working displacement of the tool, including a coordinate-organized mechanical structure of the main formative movement of the tool relative to the surface of the functional layer (i.e., a system of movement along the coordinate axes X, Y, Z). In addition, the system is equipped with a system of numerical program control of the aforementioned positioning and relative tool movement tools (RU, utility model patent No. 48164, 2005).

A precision metal cutting machine of a well-known hardware-software complex contains:

- a bed with a vertical rack;

- a headstock placed on a stand with a coordinate C rotating in the XY plane relative to the Z axis of the XYZ reference frame of the machine with a spindle with tools for fastening the tool (tool holder), which is placed in a sleeve kinematically connected to the headstock by means of a ball screw mechanism with the possibility of return - translational movement along the Z axis;

- a slide mounted on the bed in horizontal guides with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the Y axis by means of a ball screw mechanism;

- the main table mounted on a slide in horizontal guides with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the X axis by means of a ball screw mechanism;

- a positioning device for the spatial orientation of the workpiece relative to the XY plane, stationary mounted relative to the mounting surface of the main table;

- autonomous drive means of the aforementioned ball screw mechanisms;

- an optical-electronic measuring system for monitoring and correcting the position of the tip and / or cutting edge of the tool relative to the basic XYZ reference system of the machine, mounted on the main table with the ability to visualize the cutting part of the tool on the monitor screen of the control computer of a numerical control system (CNC) using the original control programs;

- means of digitizing the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece, made with the possibility of transferring the results of digitization to the memory of the control computer of the CNC system to provide correction of the original control programs.

It is quite obvious that the headstock with its kinematic nodes listed above, as well as the slide, the main table, the positioning device, autonomous means for driving ballscrews, the optoelectronic measuring system, the means for digitizing the working surface of the workpiece functional layer of this engraving complex known from the prior art collectively form an executive system of positioning and relative working movement of the tool, including coordinate-organized the mechanical structure of the main formative movement of the tool relative to the surface of the functional layer (i.e., the movement system relative to the coordinate axes X, Y, Z), which (i.e., the executive positioning system and relative movement of the tool) in the technological mode is program-organized and operates through a numerical control system (CNC), connected through a control panel to the processor of the control computer.

An optoelectronic measuring system may include, for example, one television computer microscope that is stationary mounted on the main table of the machine so that the main optical axis of its lens is oriented in the direction of the reciprocating movement of the main table and coordinate adapted with the zero point of the base XYZ reference system machine and zero point source control programs.

The tool holder (tool holder) is located directly on the spindle with the ability to ensure alignment along the Z axis of the longitudinal axis of the tool with the axis of rotation of the spindle along the C coordinate relative to the Z axis.

The disadvantages of this software and hardware complex known from the prior art and, correspondingly, its executive system include insufficient positioning accuracy of the tool before processing and the accuracy of its relative movement during product processing (limited by the accuracy of movement / step resolution / ball screw mechanisms of the tools used relative tool movement), as well as limited functionality, due to the lack of opportunity in the process the formation of the main profile structures of fragments of the engraving pattern; to form additional micro- and nanostructures (functionally special, additional, software-organized elements for protecting the product from counterfeiting), as well as changing the profile shape of the discrete structures of the engraving pattern, both before the cutting process starts and in cutting process without interrupting the technological cycle of processing and without replacing the cutting tool.

It should be noted that the accuracy of processing is the most important criterion of quality and security, for example, for metallographic printing plates used in the process of manufacturing banknotes and other securities, because this processing parameter, as a rule, provides additional degrees of protection from falsification of said valuable products.

The claimed invention was based on the task of expanding the functionality of a hardware-software complex by upgrading its executive system by giving the instrument additional degrees of freedom of relative movement while increasing the accuracy of positioning the tool before processing and the accuracy of its relative movement during processing of products by reducing (mainly, decrease) the amount of movement of the cutting part (for example, the top of the tool) with reduction coefficient relative to the magnitude of the displacement of the executive links of the means of relative displacement of the tool for additional degrees of freedom.

The indicated technical result allows, through the claimed executive system, to realize on the hardware-software complex the possibility, in the process of forming the main profile structures of fragments of the engraving pattern, also to form additional micro- and nanostructures that are functionally special, additional, program-organized elements for protecting the product from counterfeiting, which can be identified both visually and using special detection tools, depending on their geometrical of their parameters.

In addition, it is possible to change the profile shape of the generated discrete profile structures of the engraving pattern both before the start of the cutting process and during the cutting process without interrupting the processing cycle and without replacing the cutting tool.

The problem is solved by the fact that in the executive system of the hardware-software complex for forming by cutting discrete profile structures engraving patterns in a functional layer of a printing form containing: positioning means and the main forming relative movement of the tool, including the coordinate-organized mechanical structure of the main forming forming movement of the tool relative to the surface of the functional layer; and also a system of numerical program control of the positioning means and the main forming tool movement, according to the invention, the positioning tools and the main forming relative tool movement additionally comprise at least one first node for additional tool movement, configured to rotate the longitudinal axis of the tool holder (which is functionally , within the technological tolerance, and the axis of the tool) at a given angle in at least one plane, which (i.e., the first node) is functionally the first means of modulation of the geometric profile and shape parameters regulated by the main forming tool movement in terms of discrete profile structures, which enables the formation of an integral forming tool tool movement; wherein said first unit is equipped in each rotation plane with independent displacement drives programmatically organized with the possibility of performing the first additional modulating movement with different cycle periods and the amplitude of the differential oscillatory processes of the tool holder in the combined rotation planes.

It is optimal that the means of positioning and the main forming movement of the tool additionally contain at least one second assembly of additional moving the tool, which is functionally the second means of modulating the geometric profile and shape parameters of discrete profile structures regulated by the said integral forming movement of the tool; said second node is configured to rotate the longitudinal axis of the tool holder (together with the tool) by a predetermined angle in at least one plane aligned (within the technological tolerance) with the plane of rotation of the axis of the tool holder provided by the first node for additional movement; the second additional movement unit is equipped in each rotation plane with independent movement drives programmatically organized with the possibility of performing a second additional modulating movement with different cycle periods and the amplitude of the differential oscillatory processes of the tool holder (together with the tool) with respect to oscillatory processes performed by the first node , in the combined planes of rotation.

The nodes of the additional movement of the tool can be made with the possibility of cyclic rotation of the axis of the tool holder relative to:

- one center of rotation lying (within the technological tolerance) on the axis of the tool holder;

- one center of rotation combined (within the technological tolerance) with the top of the tool;

- spatially spaced rotation centers lying (within the technological tolerance) on the axis of the tool holder;

- one center of rotation lying outside the axis of the tool holder;

- spatially spaced rotation centers lying outside the axis of the tool.

It is reasonable to perform the first and / or second nodes of the additional movement of the tool in the form of flat and / or spatial hinge mechanisms kinematically connecting the tool holder with the machine headstock, which are controlled by a program-organized system of independent electromechanical and / or magnetomechanical and / or electromagnetic drives types.

It is advisable that the nodes of the additional movement of the tool, providing additional modulating movements with shorter periods of cycles and the amplitude of the differential oscillatory processes of the tool, be sequentially placed in close proximity to the tool holder.

It is optimal to arrange the nodes for additional tool movement in such a way that the movable link of each subsequent hinge node is functionally the basic link of the previous hinge node, designed to base on it a software-organized independent drive for moving the movable link of this hinge node.

Coordinate-organized mechanical structure of the main formative movement of the tool, it is advisable to perform a three-coordinate with the orthogonal arrangement of the axes.

The positioning means and the main shaping relative movement of the tool may further comprise a rotational movement unit of the tool holder with an independent drive.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by signs and relationships between them that are identical to all the essential features of the claimed technical solution , and the prototype selected from the list of identified analogues, as the analogue closest in the set of features, made it possible to identify the set of essential (p relative to the applicant sees technical result) distinguishing features in the claimed object set forth in the claims.

Therefore, the claimed technical solution meets the condition of patentability "novelty" under the current legislation.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 - General view of the hardware-software complex (front view).

Figure 2 - General view of the software and hardware complex (left side view of figure 1).

Figure 3 is a general view of a metal-cutting machine of a hardware-software complex in axonometric projection with reference to the movements of the kinematic nodes of its actuating system to the XYZ coordinate system and the rotation of the tool (tool holder) relative to its axis along coordinate C.

Figure 4 - callout I in figure 1, illustrating the kinematics of the first and second nodes of the additional movement of the tool, providing the rotation of the axis of the tool in one plane (arrows V under the action of force P) around the rotation centers O ₁ and O ₂ (along arcs of circles with radii Ro ₁ and Ro _2, respectively), one of which (O ₂ ) is aligned with the top of the tool, and the other (O ₁ ) is located on the axis of the tool above its top, and also in a mutually perpendicular plane around the center of rotation O ₁ (along an arc of a circle with radius Ro ₁ ) also along the arrows V under the action of force P (independent drives for additional tool movement are not conventionally shown).

Fig. 5 is a view A of Fig. 4.

Fig 6 - callout I in Fig 1, illustrating the kinematics of the first and second nodes of additional tool movement, providing rotation of the tool axis in the same plane (along arrows V under the action of force P) around spatially spaced rotation centers O ₃ and O ₄ (along arcs of circles with radii Ro ₃ and Ro _4, respectively) located outside the tool axis (independent drives for additional tool movement are not conventionally shown).

7 - the scheme of rotation of the tool axis with respect to the rotation center O ₁ under the action of one of the other moving assemblies that graphically illustrates rate reduction (reduction) amount of displacement L of the tool tip (as well as any point of its cutting edge) relative to the magnitude of actuator displacement L ₁ element of an additional displacement node.

Fig 8 is an example of a change in the shape of the transverse profile of the formed discrete profile structure by means of the first node for additional tool movement when using a cutter with a triangular shape of the front surface when its axis is rotated by an angle "α" in one plane relative to the center of rotation O ₂ aligned with the top of the front surface of the tool .

Fig.9 is an example of changing the shape of the transverse profile of the formed discrete profile structure by means of the first node for additional tool movement when using a cutter with a triangular shape of the front surface when its axis is rotated through an angle "α" in one plane relative to the rotation center O ₁ located on the tool axis above its tops.

Figure 10 is an example of a change in the shape of the transverse profile of the formed discrete profile structure through the first node for additional tool movement when using a cutter with a trapezoidal shape of the front surface when its axis is rotated by an angle "α" in one plane relative to the center of rotation O ₁ located in the middle of the transverse cutting edges of the front surface of the tool.

11 is an example of changing the shape of the transverse profile of the formed discrete profile structure by means of the first node for additional tool movement when using a cutter with a trapezoidal shape of the front surface when its axis is rotated by an angle "α" in one plane relative to the center of rotation O ₂ located on the tool axis above transverse cutting edge of the front surface of the tool.

12 is an example of changing the shape of the longitudinal profile and the shape in terms of the generated discrete profile structure by the first node for additional tool movement when turning its axis by an angle “α” in one plane relative to the rotation center O ₁ lying on the axis of the tool above its top.

Fig. 13 is a general diagram of an optoelectronic measuring system.

Fig. 14 is an example of the implementation of the integral shape-shifting movement of the tool by modulating the trajectory of the main shape-shifting movement by two additional modulating movements (interpreted by computer graphics in accordance with the specified functions of the trajectories of the corresponding movements).

Structural elements, nodes, mechanisms and systems of a hardware-software complex with the claimed executive system in the drawings and further in the description are indicated by the following positions.

1 - bed;

2 - stand (vertical);

3 - headstock (spindle);

4 - spindle;

5 - sleeve (spindle 4);

6 - slide;

7 - table (main);

8 - device (for positioning the workpiece);

9 - tool (cutting);

10 - tool holder;

11 - monitor;

12 - computer (manager);

13 - a microscope (television computer);

14 - axis (lens 15);

15 - lens (microscope 13);

16 - screen (optoelectronic measuring system);

17 - illuminator;

18 - illuminator;

19 - node (first, additional movement of the tool 9);

20 - axis (tool 9);

21 - node (second, additional movement of the tool 9);

22 - workpiece;

23 - screen (reflective);

24 - camera (television);

25 - rings (extension);

26 - rack;

27 - rack;

28 - a clamp;

29 - rack.

The executive system of the hardware-software complex for forming cutting of discrete profile structures of the engraving in the functional layer of the printing form contains positioning means and the main forming relative movement of the tool 9, including the coordinate-organized mechanical structure of the main forming movement of the tool 9 relative to the surface of the functional layer. In addition, the executive system is equipped with a numerical control system (CNC) of the aforementioned executive positioning system and relative movement of the tool (for example, type CNC model Sinumerik 840Di) and a system for preparing control programs for execution on the CNC based on an Intel-compatible personal control computer 12.

A precision metal-cutting machine of a hardware-software complex intended for use by the claimed executive system contains:

- a bed 1 with a vertical rack 2;

- a spindle head 3 located on a stand 2 with a rotating (along the C coordinate in the XY plane relative to the Z axis of the XYZ machine reference frame) spindle 4 with means for holding the tool 9 (i.e., tool holder 10), which (i.e. , the spindle 4) is placed in a sleeve 5 kinematically connected to the spindle head 3 by means of a ball screw mechanism (in the form of a ball screw pair) with the possibility of reciprocating movement relative to the Z axis;

- a slide 6 mounted on the frame 1 in horizontal guides with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the Y axis by means of a ball screw mechanism (in the form of a ball screw pair);

- the main table 7 mounted on a slide 6 in horizontal rails with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the X axis by means of a ball screw mechanism (in the form of a ball screw pair);

- a positioning device 8 for the spatial orientation of the workpiece 22 relative to the XY plane, stationary mounted relative to the mounting surface of the main table 7;

- autonomous drive means of the aforementioned ball screw mechanisms;

- an optical-electronic measuring system for monitoring and correcting the position of the tip and / or cutting edge of the tool 9 relative to the base system XYZ of the machine reference, mounted on the main table 7 with the ability to visualize the cutting part of the tool 9 on the monitor screen 11 of the control computer 12 of the numerical program control system ( CNC) and correction of its position by means of initial control programs;

- means of digitizing the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece, made with the possibility of transferring the results of digitization to the memory of the control computer 12 of the CNC system to provide correction of the original control programs.

As autonomous drive means of the aforementioned ball screw mechanisms, for example, Siemens IFK60G0-6AFN-IAA0 electric motors can be used.

It is quite obvious that the spindle head 3 with its kinematic nodes listed above, as well as the slide 6, the main table 7, the positioning device 8, autonomous means for driving ball-screw mechanisms, an optoelectronic measuring system, means for digitizing the working surface of the workpiece functional layer 22 declared programmatically -engineering engraving complex functionally included in the claimed Executive positioning system and the relative working movement of the tool 9, including the coordinates a well-organized mechanical structure of the main forming movement of the tool 9 relative to the surface of the functional layer (i.e., a movement system relative to the coordinate axes X, Y, Z), which (i.e., the executive positioning system and relative movement of the tool) in the technological mode software-organized and operates through a numerical control system (CNC), connected through the control panel with the processor of the control computer 12.

The optoelectronic measuring system may include, for example, one television computer microscope 13, which is stationary mounted on the main table 7 of the machine so that the main optical axis 14 of its lens 15 is oriented in the direction of the reciprocating movement of the main table 7 and coordinate-adapted the zero point of the basic XYZ reference system of the machine and the zero point of the original control programs.

The optoelectronic measuring system can be equipped with a screen 16 located in the field of view of the lens 15 of the television computer microscope 13 behind the input zone of the instrument 9 in this field, as well as two illuminators 17 and 18, one of which (illuminator 17) is installed with the possibility of illumination screen 16, and the other (illuminator 18) - the front surface of the cutting part of the tool 9.

The machine can also be equipped with pneumatic equipment, including a nozzle (installed with the possibility of blowing the cutting zone to remove cutting products in the form of micro-chips) and an exhaust device placed opposite the nozzle with the possibility of suction of the removed cutting products from the processing zone.

The machine can be created on the basis of the coordinate boring machine model 2431СФ10 using its main body parts (bed, slide, table, stand, spindle head housing) with their completion and equipping with additional functional units and systems.

Distinctive features of the claimed executive system of the hardware and software complex are as follows.

The means of positioning and the main forming relative movement of the tool 9 of the claimed executive system further comprise at least one first assembly 19 for additional movement of the tool 9. This assembly 19 is arranged to rotate along the arrow V of the longitudinal axis of the tool holder 10 (functionally within technological tolerance, and the axis 20 of the tool) at a given angle "α" in at least one plane. The node 19 is functionally the first means of modulation of the geometric profile and shape parameters regulated by the main forming movement of the tool 9 in terms of discrete profile structures, which makes it possible to form an integral forming movement of the tool 9. The said first assembly 19 is equipped in each rotation plane with independent movement drives (not shown conventionally, since they are widely known in the prior art and are not protected by this application). Independent displacement drives are programmatically organized with the possibility of the first additional modulating displacement with different cycle periods and the amplitude of the differential oscillatory processes of the tool holder 10 in the combined rotation planes.

That is, the node 19 provides the tool 9 with additional degrees of freedom of relative movement in space with the realization of the possibility of increasing the accuracy of the positioning of the tool 9 before processing and the accuracy of its relative movement in the process of processing products by reducing (decreasing by an order of magnitude or more) the amount of movement of the cutting part (for example , tool tops 9) with a given reduction coefficient relative to the amount of movement of the executive links of autonomous means providing in relative movement of the tool 9 to the additional degrees of freedom.

It is quite obvious that due to the reduction effect (in particular, towards decreasing the displacement of the cutting part of the tool 9), the error in the accuracy (discreteness of the step) of the displacement is proportional to the reduction coefficient. And this allows for the implementation of the movement of the cutting part of the tool 9 with micro- or nanometric accuracy to use widely known from the prior art autonomous means of movement with discrete steps in the millimeter or micrometer range, respectively.

In addition, additional degrees of freedom of movement in space of the tool 9 make it possible (during the formation of the main profile structures of fragments of the engraving drawing) to modulate the trajectory of the main formative movement of the tool 9. That is, it is possible simultaneously with the formation of the main profile structures to form additional micro- and nanostructures functionally being special, additional, program-organized elements for protecting the product from counterfeiting, which matured can be identified both visually and by using special detection means, depending on their geometric parameters.

It should also be noted that in the claimed complex (due to giving the tool 9 additional degrees of freedom of movement in space) it is possible to change the profile shape of the main discrete profile structures of the engraving pattern both before the cutting process starts and during the cutting process without interrupting the processing cycle and without replacing the cutting tool 9.

It is optimal that the means of positioning and the main forming movement of the tool additionally contain at least one second assembly 21 for additional moving the tool 9, which is functionally the second modulation means regulated by the mentioned integral forming movement of the tool 9 of the geometric parameters of the profile and shape in terms of discrete profile structures. Said second assembly 21 is configured to rotate the longitudinal axis of the tool holder 10 (together with the tool 9) by a predetermined angle "α" in at least one plane aligned (within the technological tolerance) with the plane of rotation of the axis of the tool holder 10 provided by the first node 19 additional movement. Moreover, the second additional movement unit 21 is equipped in each rotation plane with independent movement drives programmatically organized with the possibility of performing a second additional modulating movement with different cycle periods and the amplitude of the differential oscillatory processes of the tool holder 10 (together with tool 9) with respect to the oscillatory processes performed by the first node 19, in the combined planes of rotation.

Such a constructive execution of the executive system further expands the functional and technological capabilities of the software and hardware complex using the claimed executive system according to the same (above-disclosed) technological parameters as through the first node 19 of the additional relative movement of the tool 9.

The nodes 19 and 21 of the additional movement of the tool 9 can be made with the possibility of cyclic rotation of the axis of the tool holder 10 relative to:

- one center _of rotation O ₁ lying (within the technological tolerance) on the axis of the tool holder 10;

- one rotation center О ₂ combined (within the technological tolerance) with the top of the tool 9;

- spatially spaced rotation centers O ₁ and O ₂ lying (within the technological tolerance) on the axis of the tool holder 10;

- one center About ₃ rotation lying outside the axis of the tool holder 10;

- spatially spaced rotation centers O ₃ and O ₄ lying outside the axis of the tool holder 10 (tool 9).

It is reasonable that the first and / or second nodes 19 and 21 of the additional movement of the tool 9 be performed in the form of flat and / or spatial articulated mechanisms kinematically connecting the tool holder 10 with the spindle head 3 of the machine, which are controlled by a software-organized system of independent electromechanical drives, and / or magnetomechanical, and / or electromagnetic types.

It is advisable that the nodes 19 or 21 of the additional movement of the tool 9, providing additional modulating movements with shorter periods of cycles and the amplitude of the differential oscillatory processes of the tool 9, are sequentially placed in close proximity to the tool holder 10.

This allows you to reduce the inertia of the high-frequency nodes 19 or 21 of additional movement and, as a result, use independent drives of relatively small power to move them.

Optimally, the nodes 19 and 21 of the additional movement of the tool 9 are arranged in such a way that the movable link of each subsequent hinge node 21 is functionally the basic link of the previous hinge node 19, designed to base on it a software-organized independent drive for moving the movable link of this hinge node 19.

This design feature allows to reduce the overall dimensions of the system of nodes 19 and 21 and, as a result, to optimize their inertial properties.

Coordinate-organized mechanical structure of the main formative movement of the tool 9, it is advisable to perform a three-coordinate with the orthogonal arrangement of the axes.

Means for positioning and the main forming relative movement of the tool 9 may further comprise a rotational movement unit of the tool holder 10 with an independent drive.

The technical essence of the preparation for work and the operation of the hardware and software complex with the claimed executive system is as follows.

Before forming the reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ , the initial control programs of the CNC system (for example, of the Sinumerik 840Di type CNC) are corrected for deviation from the flatness of the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece 27. In this case, the workpiece 22 is pre-fixed on the mounting surface of the positioning device 8 for spatial orientation and orient along the XY plane of the orthogonal coordinate system XYZ of the machine reference (i.e., pre-positioning is performed).

The preliminary positioning of the fixed workpiece 27 by means of the device 8 for spatial orientation before digitization is carried out by determining and registering with the appropriate means of measuring the values of the coordinates “z” of at least three points that do not lie on one straight point of the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece 22 and subsequent alignment in the range of permissible deviations of the values of these values through peripheral adjustment nodes of the device 8 for spatial orientation of the zag otovki 22.

To carry out the mentioned correction of the initial control programs, the set of points (located at a given step) of the points of the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece 22 is digitized at the z-coordinates in the digitizing section, the shape and area of which is regulated by the shape and area of the engraving pattern formed on this surface. Digitization starts from the point farthest from the center of the digitizing section and continues by scanning the digitizing section with measuring instruments to ensure registration of the “z” coordinate values at each digitization point and automatic correction of the NC control programs based on the digitization results.

Digitization of the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece 22 is a technological operation necessary for the correct formation of an engraving pattern on this surface. As a rule, the surface of the workpiece 22 has a smooth change in geometry (in particular, the height of the bumps relative to the XY plane of the coordinate system of the machine). To account for this change, the aforementioned digitization of the blank 22 is carried out. For this, various measuring instruments known from the prior art can be used, which are divided into contact and non-contact. For example, the inductive sensor used in this automated engraving complex is a contact. Non-contact measuring instruments include, for example, interferometers and laser meters. The latter have an important advantage over contact ones, since there is no need to raise / lower the sensor above the surface of the workpiece 22 so as not to damage its mirror working surface during scanning. However, the cost of a laser meter is significantly higher than the cost of a contact sensor.

Another disadvantage of a contact meter is the presence of an inertial element (i.e., a spring) in it, which requires appropriate consideration (in particular, determining the exposure time interval for damping oscillatory processes) when registering the measured value.

Digitization of the workpiece 22 is carried out using the inductive tool holder 10 installed in the socket in place of the inductive sensor tool 9 connected to the inductive converter. The inductive converter has an analog output on which an output signal is generated in the form of a voltage level. The output signal is fed to one of the inputs of the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) board installed in a personal electronic computer (PC) of the CNC system.

To avoid interference, including those generated by a pulsed power source of the inductive converter, the connection is made according to a differential circuit.

At the input of the ADC board, the maximum value (upper limit of the range) corresponds to + 5V, and the minimum (lower limit of the range) -5V. The resolution of the ADC is 12 bits. Thus, with a maximum input range of ± 5V, the resolution will be 0.0025V. Therefore, with a maximum measurement range of the inductive transducer ± 100 μm, the measurement resolution is 0.05 μm.

Thus, to organize the digitization process, it is necessary:

- determine the dimensions formed on the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece 22 drawing engraving;

- assign a step size between adjacent digitization points;

- form a set of frames (teams) for practicing on the machine;

- determine the exposure time required to cancel the oscillatory effects of the inductive sensor spring on the measurement result;

- organize a sequential bypass of each of the digitization points (i.e., scanning a digitization area).

The step between adjacent points of digitization is selected based on the density of the elements of the engraving pattern and the quality of the working surface of the functional layer of the used blank 22.

The formation of a set of frames (teams) implies the creation of a sequence of commands for organizing the digitization process. Since a contact measuring tool is used (i.e., an inductive sensor), there is a need to raise the inductive sensor above the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece 22 as it moves (during scanning) to the next digitizing point.

Correction of control programs of the CNC system to deviate from the flatness of the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece 22 (correction along the Z coordinate) takes into account irregularities of the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece 22 (on which the engraving pattern is formed). Based on the results of digitization, appropriate changes are made to the original control program at the coordinate Z.

After the digitization operation and the corresponding correction of the initial control programs of the CNC system, an orthogonal reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z _{1 is formed} .

The reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z _{1 is} formed from the starting point (x ₁ = 0, y ₁ = 0, z ₁ = 0) of digitization (which is functionally the zero point of this system), the coordinates of which (before the start of processing) are clarified by providing mechanical the contact of the top of the tool 9 (fixed in the tool holder 10) with the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece 22 at this point, followed by adaptation of the reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ with a zero reference point of the original control programs.

The mentioned adaptation is carried out through the spatial coordinate reference of the bullet point of the coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ to the zero point of the orthogonal coordinate system XYZ of the machine reference, spatially adapted with the zero point of reference of the initial control programs of the numerical program control system (CNC).

The initial control programs are designed to form fragments of a three-dimensional engraving pattern in the functional layer of the workpiece 22, which (as previously indicated) is pre-fixed and positioned on the mounting surface of the device 8 for spatial orientation relative to the XY plane of the XYZ coordinate system. The initial control programs for forming an engraving pattern on the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece 22 are compiled (based) from a certain starting point of the engraving pattern being formed, the coordinates of which are programmatically adapted with the aforementioned zero reference point of the reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ .

After completion of the formation and corresponding binding of the reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ to the zero reference point of the control programs, the directly cutting tool 9 (in particular, its top) is positioned relative to the zero reference point of the control programs, coordinate-adapted with the coordinate system XYZ of the machine (i.e., with the zero point of this system).

To do this, perform operations of photographing the front surface of the cutting part of the tool 9, positioning its top in three coordinates relative to the zero point of the formed reference system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ and correcting for the coordinates "x ₁ " and "y ₁ " passing through this vertex of the longitudinal axis 20 9 relative to the tool axis parallel to the Z or Z ₁ real axis of rotation of the tool holder 10. in this case, provide a visual display of said photographing operations results, and positioning correction on the screen m Nitori 11 control mechanism for moving the computer machine 12, as well as coordinate the adaptation of these results with management software CNC system

To implement these processes, an optical-electronic measuring system is used. This system includes a television computer microscope 13, which (as previously indicated) is stationary mounted on the main table 7 of the machine so that the main optical axis 14 of its lens 15 is oriented in the direction of the reciprocating movement of the main table 7 of the machine along the axes X (or X ₁ ) of the corresponding coordinate systems and coordinate adapted with the zero point of the coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ .

Thus, the front surface of the cutting part of the tool 12 (cutter) is introduced into the field of view of the lens 15 of said microscope 13, its apex is aligned with the crosshair of the orthogonal axes on the monitor screen 11, which is located on the main optical axis 14 of the said lens 15, and the tool holder 10 is rotated at an angle within 360 °.

The cutter is introduced into the field of view of the lens 15 of the television microscope 13 in manual mode after it is sharpened and installed in the tool holder 10 of the machine. The rotation of the tool holder around its axis, at least by an angle of 360 °, is carried out to detect the magnitude of the radial displacement in the XY (or X ₁ Y ₁ ) plane of the tip of the cutter (or the longitudinal axis passing through this vertex, which is equivalent) relative to the real axis rotation of the tool holder 10. A correction for the magnitude of the detected offset is entered into the original PC program of the CNC system with the corresponding correction of this program for this particular tool 9.

In other words, in manual mode, the tip of the cutter is adjusted in the center of the optical axes of the lens 15 of the television microscope 13 (visually displayed on a PC monitor on an enlarged scale), the crosshair of which is initially coordinate-adapted with a zero reference point of the original control programs.

In the process of the technological cycle of processing (i.e., after a given number of worked out control programs or their files), tool 9 can automatically (by means of the adjusted original PC program) be entered into a coordinate-fixed (by the above-described methods) point located in the field of view of a television microscope 13 (i.e., a point coinciding with the crosshair of the orthogonal optical axes of the lens 15) for photographing the cutting part of the tool 9 in order to ensure its quality control and assess the suitability of the inst Rument 9 for further processing. After each photographing, tool 9 returns (also in automatic mode) the same point on the working surface of the workpiece at which the processing cycle was interrupted.

Precision processing of products with a complex spatial profile of the machined surface (for example, metallographic forms) requires accurate execution and pairing of areas with different shapes and profiles of the formed relief. Since the dimensions of the tool 9 used for this processing can be certified with an error of the same order as the technologically specified tolerances for the production of engravings, and when changing the tool 9, in addition, additional errors in the position of the tip (and, accordingly, the cutting edge) of the tool 9 , it becomes necessary after each change of tool 9 to provide an accurate check of the actual position of its top (cutting edge) relative to the zero point of the reference coordinate system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ reference Anka followed by correction of the said actual position of the working elements of the tool 9 relative to this coordinate system. A similar situation (regarding the need to correct the actual position of the tool 9 in the coordinate system of the machine) can also occur in a number of other cases (for example, when the value of the accumulated error of movement in the mechanisms of the positioning nodes of the machine is above the maximum permissible). Moreover, when processing products with a complex spatially oriented structure of the formed relief, the correction of the position of the top (cutting edge) of the tool 9 must be carried out in three coordinates X ₁ , Y ₁ and Z _{1 of the} coordinate frame of the machine.

Due to the fact that the visual display of the binding to the formed reference system X ₁ Y ₁ Z _{1 of the} machine on the screen 16 of the monitor 11 is carried out in the form of corresponding axes intersecting at right angles, with the appropriate software in the process of implementing the above method of positioning the tool 9, it is possible to measure geometric parameters and electronic photographing of the cutting part of the tool 9, for example, to create a data bank of tools 9, etc.

Such correction of control programs during the subsequent processing reduces the error by about half as a result of the eccentric location of the top of the tool 9 relative to the axis of rotation of the tool holder 10.

Thus, the positioning and counting of the movements of the tool 9 in the process of forming fragments of the volumetric engraving pattern in the functional layer of the workpiece 22 are conducted from the mentioned zero point of the reference system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ according to the initial control programs of the CNC system taking into account the correction along the coordinates “x ₁ ” and “ y ₁ ”the longitudinal axis of the tool 9 (passing through its top) relative to the actual axis of rotation of the tool holder 10 of the machine (parallel to the Z or Z axis ₁ ), as well as correction according to the results of digitization.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned operations of photographing the front surface of the cutting part of the tool 9, positioning its vertex in three coordinates relative to the zero point of the formed reference system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ and correction according to the coordinates “x ₁ ” and “y ₁ ” of the longitudinal axis of the tool 9 relative to the actual axis of rotation of the tool holder 10 by means of an optical-electronic measuring system, it is advisable to carry out in direct and shadow light. To do this, the said measuring system is equipped with a reflective screen 23 located in the field of view of the lens 15 of the television computer microscope 13 behind the input zone of the instrument 9 into this field, as well as two illuminators 17 and 18. One of the illuminators 17 in this embodiment of the method for positioning the instrument 9 is necessary install with the possibility of illumination of the screen 23, and the other illuminator 18 with the possibility of highlighting the front surface of the cutting part of the tool 9.

This embodiment of the optoelectronic measuring system is shown in Fig. 13.

This system is permanently installed on the main table 7 of the machine (performing reciprocating movement along the axis X / or X ₁ / of the corresponding coordinate systems of the machine).

Extension rings 25 are mounted between the television camera 24 and the lens 15 of the television computer microscope 13. The optoelectronic part of the measuring system is fixed on two racks 26 and 27 with adjustable height. The selected height is fixed by a latch 28. The illuminators 17 and 18, as well as the screen 23 are mounted on the third rack 29 and are height-adjustable simultaneously with the optoelectronic part.

The television camera 24 is connected to the computer 12 with a television cable by means of a video capture card installed in it, for example, the EZ Capture model of Aver Media. As a television camera 24, a black-and-white RC-583C camera with an integrated power supply can be used, and as illuminators 17 and 18, Porta brand white LED illuminators.

The use of a reflective screen 23 and two illuminators 17 and 18 in the optical-electronic measuring system makes it possible to increase the contrast of the image of the cutting part of the tool 9 (especially its borders, i.e., cutting edges) on the screen 16 of the monitor 11, which increases the quality and effectiveness of control its parameters in automatic photographing mode.

On the basis of the adjusted initial control programs on the machine of the automated engraving complex under consideration, planing and milling of grooves of various shapes of constant or variable depth (straight, circular, sinusoidal, complex shapes) and families of these grooves, including intersecting with each other, can be performed.

To perform the above types of work (in addition to technological capabilities directly arising from the technical characteristics of the machine), the following auxiliary technological cycles and techniques provided by the design of the machine and control programs are provided:

- correction of the position of the points of the working surface of the functional layer of the workpiece in the Z coordinate taking into account the microroughness of this surface (digitization);

- determining the position and coordinate reference of the work surface (i.e., the zero reference point of the reference system X ₁ Y ₁ Z ₁ ) of the workpiece functional layer relative to the coordinate reference system of the machine;

- determination of errors in sharpening and installation of tool 9 in the tool holder 10 of the machine and correction of control programs based on the data obtained.

Directly, the technology of processing the product (ie, the cutting scheme) on the claimed precision engraving machine is not disclosed in detail, since it is a technological “know-how”.

However, it is advisable to note some features of the processing technology.

In particular, in the cutting technology used on the hardware-software complex with the claimed executive system, it is necessary to adhere to the condition of minimizing the contact of the back surface of the cutter with the cutting surface (i.e., the conditions for the location of the mentioned rear surface of the cutter in the region of the already taken stock over the entire passage of the cutter) . This condition can be implemented, including at angles of the front surface of the tool relative to the cutting surface, other than 90 °, and in a fairly wide range (with a specific, not disclosed in the framework of this application, cutting scheme). In addition, a wide range of permissible angles of the front surface of the tool with respect to the cutting surface can greatly simplify the software system of the CNC machine without compromising the quality and accuracy of processing.

It should be noted that the formation of each profile structure to full depth, using the claimed technical solution, can be carried out both in one pass of the tool 9 and in several passes (depending on the ratio of depth / height / given structure to its width or volume material in the stock to be removed).

In this regard, during single-pass processing, additional movements of the tool 9 (by turning its axis 20) are expedient to be carried out directly in the process of the main forming movement of the tool 9. This allows to increase the productivity of the technological process of forming profile structures as a whole, as well as to increase the accuracy of processing in connection with with the exception of the additional processing error accumulated in the kinematic chains of the executive positioning system and relative working moving tool 9 of the machine.

In the case of multi-pass processing, additional movements of the tool 9 (by turning its axis 20) are advisable only during the final finishing passes of the main forming movement of the tool 9.

It is quite obvious that by communicating additional movements to the tool 9 (by turning its axis 20 in predetermined planes by a given angle and with a given frequency of changing the direction of these movements), it is possible to form as visually perceived anti-counterfeiting elements (i.e., additional microstructures on the surface formed in the functional layer of profile structures) that are also not visually perceptible (i.e., additional nanostructures), but are read out by machine using the appropriate x detectors.

It should be noted that additional movements of the tool 9 when using the claimed executive system can be carried out by means of the following technological operating modes.

Discrete-static mode of operation

The mode in which the rotation of the axis of the tool 9 at a given angle in a certain plane (planes) is carried out once before the start of the processing cycle. That is, depending on the spatial location of the turning planes, a change is made to constant values of the inclination angles of the side walls and (in the case of using a cutting tool with a trapezoidal section) the bottom of the formed main profile structures with respect to the plane of the functional layer of the product, as well as the depth of the formed groove and its width in plan.

Discrete dynamic mode of operation

The mode in which the rotation of the axis of the tool 9 in a certain plane (s) at a predetermined angle during a given period of time is carried out once, moreover, during the implementation of the processing cycle. That is, depending on the spatial location of the turning planes, a change in the angle of inclination of the side walls and (in the case of using a cutting tool with a trapezoidal section) a bottom of the formed main profile structures with respect to the plane of the functional layer of the product, as well as the depth of the formed groove and its width in plan. Moreover, said predetermined angle in each rotation plane is constant during said predetermined period of time.

Pulse Mode

The mode in which the rotation of the axis of the tool 9 in a certain plane (planes) in a given range of angles is carried out pulsed at predetermined intervals during the processing cycle. That is, depending on the spatial arrangement of the turning planes, a discrete change in the inclination angles of the side walls and (in the case of using a cutting tool with a trapezoidal cross section) the bottom of the formed main structures in a given range with respect to the plane of the functional layer of the product, as well as the depth of the formed groove and its the width in the plan on the parts of the trajectory of movement of the tool 9, formed in the time period between pulses.

Pulse cyclic mode of operation

The mode in which the rotation of the axis of the tool 9 in a certain plane (planes) in a given range of angles is carried out pulsed at predetermined intervals during the processing cycle. Moreover, during the pulse period, the tool 9 returns to its original position. That is, a smooth change in the angles of inclination of the side walls and (in the case of using a cutting tool with a trapezoidal cross-section) the bottom of the formed main structures in a given range with respect to the plane of the functional layer of the product, as well as the depth of the formed groove and its width in plan on parts of the trajectory of movement, is ensured. tool 9 formed during the period of the pulse.

Continuous operation

The mode in which the rotation of the axis of the tool 9 in a certain plane (planes) in a given range of angles is carried out continuously during the implementation of the processing cycle. That is, a continuous smooth change in the angles of inclination of the side walls and (in the case of using a cutting tool with a trapezoidal cross section) is ensured for the bottom of the formed main structures in a given range with respect to the plane of the functional layer of the product, as well as the depth of the formed groove and its width in plan along the entire path tool movement 9.

Continuous cyclic operation

The mode in which the rotation of the axis 20 of the tool 9 in a certain plane (planes) in a given range of angles "α" is carried out continuously in a closed cycle during the processing cycle. That is, during the period of the closed cycle, the tool 9 returns to its original position. That is, a continuous, smooth, cyclically repeated change in the angles of inclination of the side walls and (in the case of using a cutting tool 9 with a trapezoidal section) is ensured for the bottom of the formed main profile structures in a given range with respect to the plane of the functional layer of the product, as well as the depth of the formed groove and its width in plan along the entire path of the tool 9.

It is completely obvious that an integrated mode of forming each profile structure (groove or protrusion) and / or family of these structures can be implemented on a software and hardware complex with the claimed executive system, organized by a different combination of the above-mentioned operating modes.

Some examples of changes in the transverse and longitudinal profiles, as well as the shape in terms of the generated discrete profile structures by means of reporting additional modulating movements to the tool 9, are shown in FIGS. 8-12.

The accuracy of the formation of additional micro- and nanostructures by means of moving the micrometric range known by the state of the art is ensured by reducing (in particular, reducing) the displacement of the cutting part of the tool 9 with respect to the displacement of the actuating elements of the known known displacement means by the reduction coefficient, which spatial location of the center of rotation of the axis 20 of the tool 9 relative to the point of application of the external load ki (from the side of the vehicle) and the top of the tool 9.

It is completely obvious that by means of the claimed technical solution, it is possible to form an unlimited set of profile and shape variations with micro- and nanometric accuracy in terms of profile structures of the engraving pattern formed in the product’s functional layer, as well as additional micro- and nanostructures (which are functionally additional elements protecting the product from fakes) located on the corresponding surfaces of the main profile structures (and on the machine tool known from the prior art m equipment and using the prior art displacement means millimeter or micrometer increments moving step).

As an example, FIG. 14 graphically illustrates the path of the integral shape-shifting movement (curve Y ₁ ) of the tool formed by the main shape-forming movement (curve Y1 _i ), as well as two additional movements (curves Y2 _i and Y3 _i ), which (i.e. ., the indicated curves) are programmatically organized in accordance with the following initial data and functions:

N: = 1000 i: = 0 ... N A1: = 100 A2: = 40 A3: = 20 α1: = 0.7 α2: = 0.2 α3: = 0

In a hardware-software complex with the claimed executive system as a metal cutting machine, an engraving-milling machine equipped with an independent drive for rotating the tool 9 can be used. In this case, the tool holder 10 must be kinematically connected with the associated node 19 for additional movement of the tool 9 with the possibility of relative rotation, and with an independent independent drive rotation of the tool 9 through a flexible transmission link, for example a flexible shaft, which is functionally Osia spindle 4 of the machine.

It is quite obvious that when using a planing machine as a metal cutting machine, if necessary, turn the tool 9 around its own axis 20 in order to ensure that its front surface is oriented relative to the cutting direction (i.e., with a curved path of the main forming movement), it is necessary to use the design of the spindle unit similar to the above for engraving and milling machine. That is, the tool holder 10 should be kinematically connected with the associated node 19 for additional movement of the tool 9 with the possibility of relative rotation, and with an independent drive for rotating the tool 9 - by means of a flexible transmission link, for example, a flexible shaft, which is functionally a spindle 4 of the machine.

When used as a metal cutting machine engraving and planing machine as a cutting tool 9 can be used:

- a planing cutter with a triangular shape of the front surface, and the center _of rotation ₂ of the axis of the tool holder 10 can be combined, within the technological tolerance, with the tip of the cutter;

- a planing cutter with a trapezoidal shape of the front surface, and the center _of rotation O ₂ of the axis of the tool holder 10 can be combined, within the technological tolerance, with the intersection point of this axis with the transverse cutting edge of the cutter;

- a planing cutter, the cutting part of which has the shape of a trihedral pyramid, each face of which is functionally the front surface of the cutter.

When using an engraving-milling machine as a metal cutting machine, a cutter, mainly of a triangular or trapezoidal profile, can be used as a cutting tool.

Thus, the hardware-software complex with the claimed executive system can be used for automated mechatronic processing by cutting the functional layer of the product with a complex spatial profile and shape (in plan) of the fragments of the engraving pattern formed in the functional layer of the profile structures with a high degree of accuracy, while making it possible mainly, simultaneously (i.e., in real time mode) the formation of additional micro- and / or nanostructures that are functionally special, additional, as a rule, program-organized (i.e., machine-readable) elements for protecting the product from counterfeiting (i.e., unauthorized reproduction) using machine tools known from the prior art. For example, a hardware-software complex with the claimed executive system can be successfully implemented in the manufacture of printing forms for metallographic printing used for the production of banknotes and other securities, which confirms the compliance of the claimed technical solution with the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

Claims (12)

1. Executive system of a hardware-software complex for forming cutting of discrete profile structures of an engraving in a functional layer of a printing form, containing positioning tools and the main forming relative movement of the tool, including the coordinate-organized mechanical structure of the main forming movement of the tool relative to the surface of the functional layer and a system of numerical program control means of positioning and the main form characterized in that the positioning means and the main shaping relative movement of the tool further comprise at least one first node for additional tool movement, configured to rotate the longitudinal axis of the tool holder, coinciding within the technological tolerance with the axis of the tool, for a given an angle in at least one plane, while the first node is functionally made by the first modulation means Baths main shaping tool moving geometrical parameters of the profile and plan form discrete core structure capable of forming an integral forming tool movement; wherein said first unit is equipped in each rotation plane with independent displacement drives programmatically arranged to carry out the first additional modulating movement with different cycle times and amplitude of differential oscillatory processes of the tool holder in combined rotation planes. 2. The actuating system according to claim 1, characterized in that the positioning means and the main forming tool movement additionally comprise at least one second additional tool moving unit, functionally made in the form of the second modulation means of the geometric profile parameters regulated by the said integrated forming tool movement and shapes in terms of discrete profile structures, wherein said second assembly is configured to rotate from the longitudinal axis of the tool holder together with the tool at a predetermined angle in at least one plane, aligned within the technological tolerance with the plane of rotation of the axis of the tool holder, provided by the first additional movement unit, while the second additional movement unit is equipped in each rotation plane with independent movement drives programmatically organized with the possibility of a second additional modulating movement with different cycle periods and am litudoy differential vibrational processes of the tool together with the tool in relation to the oscillatory processes occurring via the first node in planes reciprocally pivot. 3. The actuating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nodes of the additional movement of the tool are configured to cyclically rotate the axis of the tool holder relative to one center of rotation lying within the technological tolerance on the axis of the tool holder. 4. The Executive system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nodes of the additional movement of the tool are configured to cyclically rotate the axis of the tool holder relative to one center of rotation, aligned within the technological tolerance with the top of the tool. 5. The actuating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nodes of the additional movement of the tool are configured to cyclically rotate the axis of the tool holder with respect to spatially separated centers of rotation lying within the technological tolerance on the axis of the tool holder. 6. The actuating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nodes of the additional movement of the tool are configured to cyclically rotate the axis of the tool holder relative to one center of rotation lying outside the axis of the tool holder. 7. The actuating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nodes of the additional movement of the tool are configured to cyclically rotate the axis of the tool holder relative to spatially separated centers of rotation lying outside the axis of the tool. 8. The actuating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first and / or second nodes of the additional movement of the tool are made in the form of flat and / or spatial hinge mechanisms kinematically connecting the tool holder with the machine headstock and controlled by a program-organized system of independent drives electromechanical and / or magnetomechanical and / or electromagnetic types. 9. The actuating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the nodes of the additional movement of the tool, providing additional modulating movements with shorter periods of cycles and the amplitude of the differential oscillatory processes of the tool, are sequentially placed in close proximity to the tool holder. 10. The actuating system of claim 8, characterized in that the nodes of the additional movement of the tool are arranged so that the movable link of each subsequent hinge node is functionally the basic link of the previous hinge node, designed to base on it a software-organized independent drive for moving the movable link of this hinge node . 11. The Executive system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the coordinate-organized mechanical structure of the main formative movement of the tool is made three-coordinate with the orthogonal arrangement of the axes. 12. The actuating system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the positioning means and the main forming relative movement of the tool further comprise a rotational movement unit of the tool holder with an independent drive.

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