RU236030U1 - CAPACITOR BLOWING MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to remote-controlled explosive devices, in particular to battery-powered capacitor blasting machines. The technical result consists in increasing the reliability and efficiency of the device. The technical result is achieved by a battery-powered blasting machine, including a sealed housing with a battery compartment with a sealed lid located inside, inside which a power element is installed, connected to a supply voltage level detector and configured to sequentially supply power to a converter that increases the voltage and a charging current limiting resistor connected to capacitors and an electronic switching key connected through a load current limiting resistor with quick-clamping terminals made in the form of spring clamp contacts, wherein the charging current limiting resistor is configured to disconnect the voltage supply from the converter that increases the voltage to the capacitors during the connection of the capacitors to an external electric circuit through the quick-clamping terminals. 6 clauses, 5 figs.

Description

The utility model relates to remote-controlled explosive devices, in particular to battery-powered capacitor blasting machines.

The capacitor blasting machine is designed to initiate electric detonators and electric igniters of the EDP, EDP-r, NH-10-1.5, NH-PCh and other types, which have similar characteristics, during the production of blasting operations by electrical means, by supplying them with voltage and current sufficient to heat the platinum-iridium or nichrome bridge to the flash point of the igniter composition.

Capacitor blasting machines can be used to detonate controlled anti-personnel mines or to bring anti-tank mines into a combat and safe position in controlled minefields, to bring controlled object and anti-vehicle mines into a combat and safe position, to carry out mining operations, surveyor tasks, mining industry tasks, when clearing road debris, to clear the area of explosive objects, to lay a passage for equipment through minefields, for safe remote detonation of obstacles or explosive objects. Capacitor blasting machines are used by divers for underwater operations related to remote detonation of rubble, obstacles or explosive objects under water.

Capacitor blasting machines are used in blasting operations in the construction industry to destroy structures and buildings, blasting operations in mines and open pits in mining, triggering seismic detonators during geological exploration work, and destroying engineering munitions by detonation during demining operations.

They are used in various climatic conditions, both on land and underwater.

The prior art discloses a remote-controlled explosive device with blocking and automatic pressure generation functions (Chinese Patent for Invention No. 101964140, IPC E21C 37/06, E21F 17/18, G08C 17/02, published on 08.02.2012), according to which the invention provides a remote-controlled explosive device with blocking and automatic pressure generation functions, which can automatically regulate the explosion voltage and automatically regulate the peak voltage. Includes a microcontroller that takes over control and processing, a LED display, a remote control, a circuit module that also contains an automatic pressure increase circuit, an automatic pumping circuit containing an oscillating coil, a charging capacitor electrically connected to the oscillating coil, a voltage division circuit connected to the charging capacitor and an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter used to convert the voltage, a voltage division circuit in which the oscillating coil is connected to the output port of the microcontroller, and the analog-to-digital converter is connected to the input port of the microcontroller. The explosive device according to the invention is provided with a microcontroller, an oscillating coil and a charging capacitor.

The disadvantages of this invention are the use of a charging capacitor in the circuit, represented by only two electric capacities, one of which is used for charging from the positive half-wave of the output alternating voltage of the step-up transformer, and the second for charging from the negative half-wave. Electric capacities consist of capacitors connected in series. Also, the charging electric capacities are connected permanently in a series circuit, which makes it possible to only double the output voltage of the step-up transformer, limiting the maximum possible voltage on the charging capacitor by the technical complexity of implementing an electronic circuit for generating high voltage by the step-up transformer. Which increases the cost and complexity of the technological process for the production of such products, and reduces the reliability of operation.

Another disadvantage of this invention is the lack of control over the duration of the pulse sent to the explosive circuit, which is unacceptable for explosion-proof devices. The limitation is made only by the magnitude of the current, which does not exclude the possibility of early destruction of the detonators.

A disadvantage of the invention design is the lack of quick-release terminals for connecting the external electrical circuit of the electric detonators, which increases the time required to prepare for operation and reduces the reliability of using the device.

The closest analogue is an explosive capacitor mechanism (patent for invention of Russia No. 2571461, IPC F42D 1/045, published on 20.12.2015), comprising a housing with output terminals for connecting an explosive circuit, a power source located in the housing, a power switch with a magnetically controlled contact, a voltage converter to which a storage capacitor is connected, electronically controlled keys for generating an explosive pulse, control units for the resistance of the explosive circuit and the voltage on the storage capacitor, and a control unit. A removable key, placed in a corresponding slot on the housing of the device and equipped with an elastic element fixed to the housing of the key, which presses the key installed in the slot away from the housing of the device, serves to initiate the device. The key body contains a permanent magnet acting on the magnetically controlled contact of the power key when the removable key installed in the socket is pressed against the device body with a force exceeding the force of the elastic element, and a microprocessor in whose memory the program code of the device operation is programmed. The microprocessor is designed with the possibility of connection to the control unit of the device via a wireless communication channel and with the possibility of contactless power supply from an inductive power source located in the device body and connected to the control unit.

The disadvantages of this invention are the presence of a magnetically controlled contact in the power key, which reduces the reliability of the device due to demagnetization of the magnet associated with impacts, vibration, and temperature changes, which can lead to the absence of operation of the magnetically controlled contact.

Another disadvantage of this invention is the presence of a microprocessor in the key, which complicates the design of the device and reduces its performance characteristics.

Also, the disadvantage is the presence of one storage capacitor, which requires the supply of a given output high voltage from the step-up transformer at once. Protection against winding and insulation breakdowns is required, and at the same time, a parasitic leakage current remains, reducing the efficiency of the transformer, increasing energy consumption and reducing the energy efficiency of the device.

A disadvantage of the invention design is the lack of quick-release terminals for connecting the external electrical circuit of the electric detonators, which increases the time required to prepare for operation and reduces the reliability of using the device.

The task that the utility model is aimed at solving is to create a reliable compact device with a short preparation period for launch.

The technical result consists in increasing the reliability and efficiency of the device.

The technical result is achieved by a battery-powered blasting machine, including a sealed housing, with a battery compartment with a sealed lid placed inside, inside which a power element is installed, connected to a supply voltage level detector and made with the possibility of sequentially supplying power to a converter that increases the voltage and a charging current limiting resistor connected to capacitors and an electronic switching key connected through a load current limiting resistor with quick-clamping terminals made in the form of spring clamp contacts, wherein the charging current limiting resistor is made with the possibility of disconnecting the voltage supply from the converter that increases the voltage on the capacitors during the connection of the capacitors to an external electrical circuit through the quick-clamping terminals.

The utility model is further illustrated by the following figures:

Fig. 1 - structural diagram of the blasting machine;

Fig.2 - general view of the body of the blasting machine;

Fig. 3 - a longitudinal sectional view of the body of the blasting machine;

Fig.4 - front view of the blasting machine body;

Fig. 5 - rear view of the blasting machine body.

The following notations are used in the text:

1. The body of the capacitor blasting machine

2. Capacitor charge voltage level detector

3. Capacitors

4. Charging current limiting resistor

5. Step-up converter

6. Power button "Charge"

7. Reverse polarity protection circuit

8. Power supply element

9. Machine readiness indicator light

10. Electronic switching key

11. Button for sending a pulse to the terminals "Explosion"

12. Low battery indicator light

13. Power supply voltage level detector

14. Battery charge controller

15. Light indication of battery charging mode

16. Illumination of quick-release terminals

17. Load current limiting resistor

18. Quick-release terminals

19. External circuit resistance detector

20. External circuit break indicator light

21. Charger connection socket

22. External electrical circuit

23. External circuit connection terminal holes

24. Sealed cover for external charger connection socket

25. Battery compartment cover

26. Lanyard for wearing the machine on the wrist

27. Electronic circuit

28. Dielectric cap

29. Return spring

30. Metal sleeve

31. Metal electrode

32. Contact washer petal

33. Fastening nut

34. Electronics unit cover

35. Battery compartment

36. Travel limiter

37. Longitudinal notches

38. Through hole in the sleeve

39. Through hole in the electrode

40. Measuring resistor

The battery-powered blasting machine is a portable device for manual use and includes a sealed housing (1) with electronic circuits and components placed inside, protected from dust and moisture, with a protection rating of IP68 and the ability to be immersed to a depth of up to 40 m.

The hermetically sealed body of the capacitor blasting machine (1) is made of metal or polymeric materials or composites that provide sufficient mechanical strength and hermeticity and includes a hermetically sealed battery compartment (35) located inside, an unscrewing threaded cover of the battery compartment (25), a compartment for the electronic circuit (27) with a cover of the electronic unit (34), a connector for connecting the charger (21) with a threaded hermetically sealed cover of the connector for connecting the external charger (24), a hermetically sealed compartment for installing a hermetically sealed button for supplying a pulse to the terminals "Explosion" (11), a hermetically sealed compartment for installing a hermetically sealed button for turning on the power "Charge" (6) and an external open compartment for quick-clamping terminals (18) with illumination of the quick-clamping terminals (16) and external through holes for connecting the terminals of the external circuit (23).

On the front panel of the housing there are light indicators of the device operating modes (15,12,9,20), hermetically filled with a translucent compound, to ensure visual observation of the light signals of the indicators located in the sealed compartment of the electronic circuit.

On the outer part of the housing there is a sealed connector installed in the wall of the housing for connecting an external power source or charger (21) with a sealed cover for the charger connection connector (24).

In the special case of installing non-replaceable internal batteries, the housing may not contain a battery compartment cover.

The body also contains an opening (28) for attaching a lanyard (26) to allow the machine to be worn on the wrist, preventing the blasting machine from falling or being lost.

An electronic circuit (27) for measuring the ohmic resistance of an external electrical circuit (22) connected to quick-clamp terminals (18) is located inside the housing of the blasting machine, configured to provide light indication of the threshold value of the circuit resistance (20), a detector for measuring the voltage level of the capacitor charge (2) and a light indication of the machine readiness (9), a detector for the voltage level on the power element (13) and its light indication of the battery charge (12), a battery charge controller (14) with monitoring of the charging current and voltage and with light indication of the operating mode (15), a circuit of a pulse converter that increases the voltage (5), a circuit of capacitors (3) and an electronic switching key (10) representing a system for generating, accumulating and switching a pulse of increased voltage and high current into an external electrical circuit (22) connected to the quick-clamp terminal mechanism.

The external circuit resistance detector (19) can be implemented using various circuit solutions that ensure the activation of a light indication of an external circuit break (20) when the resistance of the external electrical circuit is less than 700 Ohm and ensure the minimum size of the necessary electronic components.

In a particular case, the capacitor charge voltage level detector (2) can be implemented using various circuit solutions that ensure the machine readiness indicator light (9) is turned on when the voltage on the capacitors reaches the output voltage of the step-up converter (5) and ensure the minimum size of the necessary electronic components.

In a particular case, the supply voltage level detector circuit (13) can be implemented using various circuit solutions that ensure the activation of the battery charge indicator light (12) when the voltage on the power element drops below the permissible discharge level and ensure the minimum size of the required electronic components. For lithium power elements with a nominal voltage of 3.7 V, the minimum permissible charge level is 2.8 V, upon reaching which the indicator light is produced. The indicator light can also be organized to indicate several threshold voltage levels of the power element, indicating its 100% or 75% or 50% or 25% charge, in which case 4 indicator lights are used.

The step-up pulse stabilizer of the supply voltage (5) provides the possibility of using low-voltage chemical power sources, batteries or accumulators. This unit increases the voltage of the power elements to the level of 60-120 V, and makes it possible to use power elements or their groups, giving a total voltage of 3 V, which reduces the dimensions of the structure and reduces the weight, and also makes it possible to use a wide variety of available types of power elements.

In a particular case, a battery-powered capacitor blasting machine has a built-in battery charging system - an electronic circuit of a battery charger with control of the charging current and voltage. This system provides charging of replaceable or non-replaceable batteries installed in the blasting machine through a charger connector (21) with a sealed cover of the charger connector (24), without removing the power elements.

The capacitor blasting machine contains a connector for connecting a charger (21), connected to a battery charge controller (14), with a charging current and voltage controller, which is connected to a power element (8), installed in a battery compartment (35) and connected to a step-up pulse stabilizer of the supply voltage (5). Through this connector, it is possible to implement external power supply of the electronic circuit of the machine, during the parallel process of charging the battery, for example from external battery units Power bank or from network converters.

To activate the device, it is necessary to press and hold down the power button (6) and at the same time press the button for supplying a pulse to the terminals (11) by simultaneously pressing two buttons spaced at a distance from each other, protection is provided against accidental, unauthorized supply of voltage to the output terminals and blocking of the electrical circuit of the device in the normal state.

The quick-clamp terminals (18) are two terminals, each of which is made in the form of a spring clamp contact consisting of a cylindrical metal electrode (31), secured in a recess in the housing, hermetically mechanically fixed on the inner wall of the housing with a fastening nut (33) pressing the contact washer petal (32), to which the insulated wire for connecting the electronic circuit of the machine is soldered. The metal electrode (31) has a through hole in the electrode (39) for installing the bare wire. To ensure constant electrical contact and mechanical retention of the wire in the through hole of the electrode (39), it is equipped with a cylindrical metal sleeve (30) put on it, having a through hole (38). The electrode is equipped with protrusions limiting the travel (36) of the sleeve in the longitudinal and transverse directions, wherein the mechanical sleeve (30) has longitudinal recesses (37) on the walls corresponding to the limiters and the travel length. Between the metal sleeve (30) and the metal electrode (31) there is a return spring (29) providing a clamping torque acting on the conductor inserted into the aligned through holes of the sleeve (38) and the electrode (39). When pressing on the metal sleeve (30), it shifts longitudinally towards the base of the metal electrode (31) and aligns the through holes of the electrode (39) and the through hole of the sleeve (38). When aligning the holes, the bare wire should be installed through them. When releasing the metal sleeve (30), the spring pushes it longitudinally away from the base of the electrode until the travel stops (36) reach the edge of the corresponding recesses in the wall of the metal sleeve (30), the through holes of the sleeve (38) and the through holes of the electrode (39) shift and clamp the end of the bare wire previously installed in the hole. Each terminal has a dielectric cap (28) of a given color, indicating the polarity of the terminals, providing electrical insulation of the machine's electrical circuits from the human body. The dielectric cap (28) is made in a shape that prevents the electrode from rotating in the housing recess and the wire installation hole from turning relative to the holes of the external circuit connection terminals (23), for example, a rectangular shape. The metal sleeve (30) and the metal electrode (31) can be made of any type of metal or alloy with a galvanic coating or vacuum deposition of an inert metal, for example nickel, chromium, gold, silver to ensure high-quality electrical contact, wear resistance and structural strength of the mechanism.

The design of the blasting machine does not have detachable elements and does not require assembly before starting work, which significantly reduces the time of preparation for work. The design of the terminals (18) ensures minimal time for connecting the bare ends of the wire of the external electrical circuit, reliable retention in the terminals and high-quality electrical contact.

The device works as follows.

After successful installation and connection of the electric detonators to the general electrical circuit, and connection of this network to the terminals (18) of the blasting machine, the operator moves to a safe shelter and with the button (6) turns on the capacitor charging mode (3), the mode for checking the ohmic resistance of the externally connected electrical circuit, and checking the battery charge.

When the power is switched on by the button (11), the voltage from the power element is supplied to the converter, which increases the voltage (5), the process of increasing the voltage is performed in a pulse mode to a level of 60-120 V, the resulting voltage is supplied through the charging current limiting resistor to the capacitors (3), which are charged until they reach a voltage level equal to the output of the step-up converter (5). The charging current limiting resistor (4) performs the function of protection against current overload of the power element of the machine, thereby extending its service life, and prevents failure due to exceeding the maximum consumption current.

Next, the capacitor charge voltage level detector (2) determines the threshold value of the difference in the voltage levels of the step-up voltage converter (5) and the level on the capacitors (3); when the difference in the voltage level decreases to less than 1 V, the detector turns on the readiness indicator light (9), signaling that the capacitors (3) are fully charged.

The determination of the ohmic resistance of the external electrical circuit (22) is carried out by detecting the threshold voltage drop on the measuring resistor R1 (40), through which current is supplied from the charged capacitors (3) to the quick-release contact terminals (18), to which the external electrical circuit (22) or electric detonator with ohmic resistance R2 is connected.

The light indicator (9) turns on to indicate the serviceability of the external electric circuit connected to the quick-clamping clamp mechanism (18). This circuit performs the function of monitoring the break in the connected electric circuit, as well as the function of measuring the ohmic resistance of each electric detonator for the purpose of rejecting or selecting the same ones by value for use in the series connection circuit. When using electric detonators with the same ohmic resistance in a series connection, when a high-voltage pulse of high current is applied, an equal amount of thermal energy is released on each, which will ensure the operation of all electric detonators connected in the circuit.

The voltage level of the power element is determined immediately upon power supply by the button (6) by the supply voltage level detector (13), which is made in the form of a 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-channel semiconductor voltage level detector and supplies power to the battery charge indicator light (12) in the event that the supply voltage exceeds the specified level corresponding to the segment of the indicator light, or the threshold minimum value of the battery charge.

If the indicator light signals a low battery level or there is no indicator light at all, you need to replace the battery or charge the installed one.

To charge the installed battery, the operator connects the external charger to the charger connector (21) on the machine body, having previously unscrewed the sealed cover of the charger connector (24) above it. The charging process is indicated by the operating mode indicator light (15).

The reverse polarity protection circuit (7) is implemented on semiconductor elements with low transition resistance, which ensures the conductivity of the supply voltage to the machine's electronic circuit only if the polarity of the power element connection is observed, and blocks the supply of power if the power element is incorrectly installed with reverse polarity.

After pressing and holding the button (6), the operator observes the battery charge indicator light (12), the external circuit breakage indicator light (20), and the appearance of the readiness indicator light (9). If the battery charge is sufficient, the readiness indicator (9) will turn on within 1-4 seconds after pressing the button (6). If the external circuit connected to the terminals (18) is in good condition, the external circuit breakage indicator (20) will light. Upon confirmation of serviceability, the operator presses the button (11) to send a pulse to the external circuit.

When button (6) is held down and button (11) is pressed, the output of the converter that increases the voltage from the capacitor unit is disconnected and connected to the control input of the electronic switching key (10) made in the form of a semiconductor circuit. The electronic switching key (10) opens, connecting the terminals of the charged capacitors (3) through the load current limiting resistor (17) to the external electric circuit through the quick-clamping terminal mechanism, ensuring the transmission of a high-voltage pulse to the external electric circuit. The capacitors are discharged to the external electric circuit connected to the contact terminals, imparting electrical energy to the coils of the electric detonators, which, heating up or burning, carry out the detonation. The function of disconnecting the step-up voltage converter (5) from the capacitors (3) during the connection of the capacitors to the external electric circuit protects the step-up voltage converter circuit (5) and the power supply element (8) from current overload in the event of a direct short circuit to the external low-resistance electric circuit. Capacitors (3) are the transmitter of energy from the power supply system and the step-up converter to the external electrical circuit, providing galvanic isolation of the internal electrical circuits of the machine from the external electrical circuit.

The load current limiting resistor (17) performs the function of matching the internal resistance of the junction of the electronic switching key (10) and the load resistance of the external electric circuit (22) so that the sum of the resistances of the external electric circuit and the load current limiting resistor (17) is greater than the resistance of the junction of the electronic switching key (10). Also, the use of the load current limiting resistor (17) eliminates the possibility of early destruction of the detonator due to excess current and thereby increases the reliability of the device.

After sending a pulse to the external circuit, the operator releases the buttons (6,11) and the machine switches off.

The electronic circuit of the device ensures long-term storage of the capacitor charge (3), which allows for preliminary charging of the capacitors by pressing the button (6) and releasing it after the machine readiness light indicator (9) appears, which makes it possible, upon subsequent switching on, immediately after pressing the button (6) by pressing the pulse feed button on the “Explosion” terminals (11), to output a high-voltage pulse, previously accumulated on the capacitors (3), to the external electrical circuit (22), which increases the efficiency of the machine and, accordingly, its reliability.

The advantages of the claimed utility model include the ability to use various models of batteries and accumulators due to the power supply of the blasting machine from any chemical current sources, the ability to operate or charge the blasting machine from an external power source, providing connection to various types of autonomous power sources or generators, which increases the reliability of the device.

The sealed design provides protection from moisture and dust for electronic circuits and components installed inside, which increases the safety and reliability of the device during operation.

Another advantage of the claimed technical solution is the presence of one contact transition “power element - battery compartment”, which increases the reliability of the electrical contact of the power element with the electronic circuit of the blasting machine fourfold and eliminates the use of additional structural removable elements, in contrast to circuits with a plurality of individual power elements.

Ensuring protection against accidental use of the device by using a system of two control buttons located on the body allows it to be used in high-risk conditions.

The design of the blasting machine does not have detachable elements, which significantly increases its reliability, reducing the time it takes to prepare for work and ensuring compactness, mobility and lightness, allowing the blasting machine to be carried in uniform pockets and small covers and pouches.

Another advantage is the elimination of the possibility of early destruction of the detonator due to excess current, thanks to the use of a load current limiting resistor, which limits the pulse current and increases the duration of the pulse sent to the explosive circuit to ensure explosion safety of the device.

Another advantage is the function of disconnecting the step-up voltage converter (5) from the capacitors (3) when connecting the capacitors to an external electrical circuit, which protects the step-up voltage converter circuit (5) and the power supply element (8) from current overload during a direct short circuit to an external low-resistance electrical circuit and ensures galvanic isolation of the internal electrical circuits of the machine from the external electrical circuit.

The electronic circuit of the device ensures long-term storage of the capacitor charge (3). This makes it possible, upon subsequent switching on, immediately after pressing the power button "Charge" (6), by pressing the button for sending a pulse to the terminals "Explosion" (11), to output a high-voltage pulse, previously accumulated on the capacitors (3), to the external electric circuit (22), reducing the preparation time to a minimum.

The applied design of the terminals (18) ensures minimal connection time for the bare ends of the external electrical circuit wire, reliable retention in the terminals and high-quality electrical contact.

Limiting the capacitor charging current ensures control of the battery discharge current, which extends its service life and increases the number of charge-discharge cycles.

The advantage is the software regulation of the duration of opening of the electronic switching key, which ensures regulation of the level of electrical energy transmitted to the external electrical circuit.

Claims (7)

1. A battery-powered blasting machine comprising a sealed housing with a battery compartment with a sealed lid placed inside, inside which a power element is installed, connected to a supply voltage level detector and configured to supply power in series to a converter that increases the voltage and a charging current limiting resistor connected to capacitors and an electronic switching key connected through a load current limiting resistor to quick-clamping terminals made in the form of spring clamp contacts, wherein the charging current limiting resistor is configured to disconnect the voltage supply from the converter that increases the voltage to the capacitors during the connection of the capacitors to an external electrical circuit through the quick-clamping terminals. 2. A battery-powered blasting machine according to item 1, characterized in that the power element is removable. 3. A battery-powered blasting machine according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the power element is made non-removable with the possibility of charging the battery from an external electrical circuit by means of a battery charge controller. 4. A battery-powered blasting machine according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the quick-clamp terminals consist of a cylindrical metal electrode fixed to the inner wall of the housing. 5. A battery-powered blasting machine according to item 4, characterized in that the metal electrode is designed with the possibility of connecting a bare wire through a through hole. 6. A battery-powered blasting machine according to item 5, characterized in that the metal electrode is equipped with a metal sleeve. 7. A battery-powered blasting machine according to item 4, characterized in that the metal electrode is designed to prevent rotation in the recess of the housing and rotation of the wire relative to the openings of the terminals for connecting the external circuit by means of a dielectric cap.