RU2360398C1 - Fruit picking unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural machinery building, particularly, to fruit picking machines. The proposed unit comprises a frame, roller, closed-loop chain with lifting chain inclined opposite the machine motion direction and conveying chain embracing the closed-loop chain from outside and flexible blades rigidly linked with aforesaid chains. The unit is mounted on the tractor drive wheel axle ahead of which a swath former is installed. The closed-loop chain blades feature [-like shape and are arranged perpendicular to the chain. Each blade carcass is coated, from inside, by elastic material. Aforesaid frame features 3D trapezoid along which the closed-loop chain runs in sprockets. The lifting chain is inclined backward at the angle of 70° to 80° to horizon. The conveying chain represents elastic belts furnished with grousers. The distance between the belts is equal to the fruit minimum size. Swath former and roller are provided with fruit shifter plates arranged at the angle of 40° to 50° to the motion direction, elastic rolls being mounted at their lower parts and running in bearings on nonworking side of the said plate. The roll outer surface seats some 5 to 10 mm above the said plate working surface. The fruit shifter plate width and length, height above the field surface, inclination towards horizon, rolling width, fruit picking loop width, blade pitch and height, unloading zone width, fruit receiving chute depth, fruit lifting loop height are determined from the following dependencies, i.e. fruit shifter plate width b=(1.2…1.36)d_mean, where d_mean is the mean fruit diametre; fruit shifter plate location height; h=(0.2…0.25)d_mean. Fruit shifter plate inclination to horizon, plate inclination to soil surface;

is the angle of inclination to motion direction γ=40…50°; plate length l=(3.0…4.0) d_mean; rolling zone width B=(7.5…8.5) d_mean; fruit lifting loop width E=(2….3)d_mean; blade pitch t=(2.0…2.6) d_mean; blade height M =(2.0…2.6) d_mean; unloading zone width C =(4.0…5.0) d_mean; fruit licking chute depth K =(2.0…2.4) d_mean; fruit picking lifting loop height H = 3.0…3.5 m.

EFFECT: higher output, efficiency and reliability.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines designed for harvesting gourds.

Known fruit picker for melons, containing an endless conveyor with fingers mounted on it, in which, in order to reduce damage when selecting fruits of various sizes and shapes, the fingers are spring-loaded and pivotally mounted on the conveyor with a step close to the size of the smallest fruits; articulated spring fingers in the working area are covered with elastic material and have a pear-shaped thickening at the end (SU, copyright certificate No. 397154).

The disadvantages of the described picker include low technical reliability, low productivity, large fruit losses.

Known fruit picker for melons, containing a support frame, a lift made in the form of a series of guides, and a feeding device with leashes, in which, in order to increase the completeness of selection and reduce damage to the fruit, the feeding device consists of separate endless flexible elements pivotally mounted relative to the frame, and leashes on which are fixed with an arrangement between the guides and are tilted in the direction of movement of the flexible elements (SU, copyright certificate No. 886808).

The disadvantages of this picker include the complexity of the design, low reliability of the selection of fruits, their mechanical damage at the time of capture and transportation, as well as the inability to select only standard fruits.

Known picker of gourds, containing a frame, a drum with meshes, a roll-in and a receiving tray, the drum is made in the form of a closed chain contour, the lifting branch of which is inclined in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the picker, and is equipped with a conveyor belt and elastic blades forming the mesh while the conveyor belt covers the chain contour from the outside, and the elastic blades are connected to the chain contour and the conveyor belt and are perpendicular to them (SU, copyright certificate 1588307).

The disadvantages of this picker are injury to the fruit during collision from the right and left feeders, imperfections in construction when aggregated with a tractor and the inability to select fruits for a standard size.

The closest technical solution in essence to the claimed object is a gourmet fruit picker containing a frame, a roll-in, a closed chain contour, the lifting chain of which is tilted in the direction opposite to the direction of movement, and a conveyor belt covering the chain contour from the outside and elastic blades rigidly connected with a chain circuit and a conveyor belt, while the blade of the chain circuit is made [-shaped and located to the chain circuit at an angle of 60 ... 70 °, and its side posts are lined with el material, while the blade has a bend in the direction opposite to the movement of the pickup, and the frame is tilted back at an angle of 60 ... 70 °, the conveyor belt covering the chain contour is made in the form of a grid with cells larger than the minimum size of the picked fruits, pickup frame mounted on the tractor, and the chain circuit is connected with the drive wheel of the tractor, the pick-up swather has slats that are mounted on the supporting beam fixed in the lower part of the frame and fixed on the tractor frame by means of a castable stretch marks (RU, patent for invention No. 2262224).

Disadvantages of the pick-up include a lateral hitch, which causes difficulty in aggregation and reduces operational reliability, the location of the blades at an angle of 60 ... 70 ° to the chain circuit, which causes fruit loss when climbing to the loading chute, using a mesh with cells makes it difficult to select standard fruits.

The invention consists in the following.

The task to which the invention is directed is to simplify the design, reduce labor costs during aggregation, reduce injury to the fruit during selection and provide the ability to sample standard fruits.

The technical result is an increase in productivity, reducing injury to the fruit and increasing operational reliability.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in a known fruit-picking unit containing a frame, a drive-in, a closed chain loop, the lifting chain of which is tilted in the direction opposite to the direction of movement, and a conveyor belt covering the chain loop from the outside, and elastic blades rigidly connected to the chain loop and conveyor belt, it is mounted on the axis of the track of the tractor’s drive wheel, in front of which there is a swather, the blades of the chain circuit are made [-shaped and located dicularly to the chain contour, and each frame of the blade inside is covered with an elastic material, the frame has the shape of a volumetric trapezoid, on which a chain contour is mounted with stars, the lifting branch of which is tilted back at an angle of 70 ... 80 ° to the horizontal, the conveyor belt of the covering contour is made elastic belts with spreaders, the distance between the belts is equal to the minimum size of the selected fruits, the swather and the roll-in have fruit-shifting slats installed at an angle of 40 ... 50 ° to the direction of movement, in the lower part of which elastic rollers are installed, placed on bearing bearings on the non-working side of the fruit-moving bar and mating with the working surface of the fruit-moving bar through the window, the outer surface of the rollers being 5-10 mm higher than the working surface of the fruit-moving bar, and the structural dimensions of width and length the fruit-shifting bar, the height of its installation above the field surface, the angle of setting to the horizon, the width of the rolling-in zone, the width of the fruit-lifting contour, the pitch and height of the blades, the width The unloading zones, the depth of the receiving tray, the height of the fruit-lifting contour are established according to the following relationships:

the width of the fruit-moving bar b = (1.2 ... 1.36) d _cp , where d _cp is the average diameter of the selected fruits;

the height of the fruit bar above the soil surface

h = (0.2 ... 0.25) d _cp ;

;installation angle of the fruit-shifting bar to the soil surface

;

installation angle of the fruit-shifting bar to the direction of movement γ = 40 ... 50 °;

the length of the fruit-moving bar l = (3.0 ... 4.0) d _cp ;

the width of the roll-in zone B = (7.5 ... 8.5) d _cp ;

the width of the fruit-lifting contour E = (2 ... 3) d _cp ;

blade pitch t = (2.0 ... 2.6) d _cp ;

the height of the blades M = (2.0 ... 2.6) d _cp ;

the width of the discharge zone C = (4.0 ... 5.0) d _cp ;

the depth of the fruit-lifting tray K = (2.0 ... 2.4) d _cp ;

the height of the fruit-lifting contour N = 3.0 ... 3.5 m

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 schematically shows a picker of gourds mounted on a tractor, side view.

Figure 2 is the same plan view.

Figure 3 is a view In figure 2.

Figure 4 is a section aa in figure 1.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed technical solution is as follows.

The harvesting unit includes a tractor 1, on the suspension system 2 of which a fruit-lifting contour 3 is installed in the form of a volumetric trapezoid, which contains a frame 4 covered by a closed chain contour 5 mounted on sprockets 6. The blades are fixed to the chain contour 7. The blades 7 are fixed between the chain contour 5 and covering it with a conveyor belt 8, made in the form of endless belts. The rear rack of the frame 4 is tilted back in the opposite direction to the pick-up movement at an angle of 70 ... 80 ° to the horizontal, and the blades 7 are located perpendicular to the chain loop 5. The chain loop 5, covered by a conveyor belt 8 with blades 7, is a fruit-lifting loop. The trapezoidal frame 4 has brackets, with which it is attached to the hydraulic hinged system 2 of the tractor 1. The belts 8 of the fruit-lifting circuit 3 have tipping arms 9 for driving the chain circuit 5. For feeding the fruits into the inter-blade space of the fruit-lifting circuit 3, a roll-in consisting of strips 10 is provided, covered with elastic material with a low coefficient of friction on the fruits of gourds. The slats are mounted on the leashes of the supporting copy wheels 11. In the upper part of the fruit-lifting contour, a pitched tray 12 with a stacker 13 of fruits in a vehicle or container is mounted. In front of tractor 1, a roll former is installed on the supporting beam 14, including supporting copy wheels 15. They are fixed with skid-mounted fruit-shifting slats 16, in the lower part of which elastic rollers 17 are installed. The roll-in strips 10 are fixed on the supporting beam 18 fixed to the mounted system 2 of tractor 1. The carrier bar 18 has a bracket 19 for installing a compression spring 20 connected to the carrier 21, on which the fruit-shifting bar 10 and the counter wheel 11 are mounted. The carrier 21 is mounted on the hinge 22 of the carrier beam 18. Elasti ny roller 17 is mounted on bearing supports 23 with broken side plodosdvigayuschey slats and paired with the working surface plodosdvigayuschey strap through the window, the outer surface of the roller 17 is located above the working surface plodosdvigayuschey strap 10 on the magnitude of 5-10 mm. An elastic safety apron 24 is placed between the leash 21 and the fruit-shifting bar 10. The fruit-lifting contour bars 7 are fixed to the chain circuit 5 by means of fastening 25 and include a metal frame 26 coated on the inner surface with elastic material 27. An elastic net 28 is fixed on the shelves of the frame 26. Belts 8 interconnected and fixed by cross members 29, fixed to the frame 26.

The lower part of the fruit-lifting contour, located between the axes of the lower sprockets 6, represents the width of the roll-in zone B, which is determined from the equation B = (7.5 ... 8.5) d _cp , where d _cp is the average diameter of the selected fruits.

The width of the fruit-shifting slats b = (1.2 ... 1.36) d _cp .

The installation height of the fruit-shifting slats h above the soil surface is set equal to h = (0.2 ... 0.25) d _cp .

The fruit-shifting slats should be tilted back, and the angle of installation of the fruit-shifting slats τ to the soil surface is determined from the equation

The angle of installation of the fruit-shifting slats to the direction of movement is γ = 40 ... 50 °.

The length of the fruit-shifting bar provides the condition for copying the swather and roll-in of the soil surface, therefore its length is determined from the equation l = (3.0 ... 4.0) d _cp .

The width of the fruit-lifting contour E determines the condition for the placement of the fruit coming from the roll-in, and its value should be equal to E = (2 ... 3) d _cp .

The distance between the blades along the perimeter of the fruit-lifting contour (pitch of the blades) t should ensure the capture and transportation of fruits to the pitched tray 12 with minimal injury. This distance can be determined from the expression t = (2.0 ... 2.6) d _cp .

The height of the blades M must ensure the passage of fruits into the fruit-lifting contour and is determined from the equation M = (2.0 ... 2.6) d _cp .

The distance between the axes of the upper sprockets 6 determines the area for unloading C fruits from the blades 7, which should be equal to C = (4.0 ... 5.0) d _cf.

The depth of the ramp tray 12 enables placement and transportation of fruits to the stacker without injuring them. Its value is determined from the equality

K = (2.0 ... 2.4) d _cp .

The height of the fruit-lifting contour should allow loading fruits into vehicles and be equal to N = 3.0 ... 3.5 m.

The harvesting unit operates as follows.

After selective harvesting of marketable fruits for the sale of market prices, it is necessary to select from the field all standard fruits suitable for use for food purposes or processing for seeds, juice and pulp.

When the unit moves, the fruits lying on the field surface are captured by the skew-set fruit-shifting rails 16 of the swather and form a roll passed between the wheels of the tractor 1. The fruits formed into the swath are captured by the fruit-shifting rails 10 of the roll-in and sent to the interscapular space of the fruit-lifting contour 3. When the fruits are moved by the fruit-shifting contour 3. straps 16 and 10 on the surface of the melon field, the elastic rollers 17 interact with the fruits and provide their rotational movement, which is significant reduces injury plodosdvigayuschimi fruit bars 10 and 16. The fruit received on the belts 8, trapped straps 7 and start to move them during the assembly movement. When the transport circuit 8 is bent, fruits having a size smaller than standard ones pass between the belts and remain on the field surface. Standard fruits of gourds are raised by the straps 7 to the upper part of the fruit-growing contour 3. When the transport circuit is bent, the straps 7 occupy a vertical position and the fruits arrive on a pitched tray 12, which has a slope to the field surface. The fruits received on the ramp tray are moved to the stacker 13, which directs them to the place of unloading.

The developed design of the unit allows selection of fruits from the field surface, separate cleaning of non-standard fruits in the vehicle with minimal mechanical damage, while the design and layout of the unit is greatly simplified.

Claims (1)

A harvesting assembly comprising a frame, a roller, a closed chain loop, the lifting chain of which is tilted in the direction opposite to the direction of travel, and a conveyor belt covering the chain loop from the outside, and elastic blades rigidly connected to the chain loop and conveyor belt, characterized in that it mounted on the axis of the track of the tractor’s drive wheel, in front of which there is a swather, the blades of the chain loop are made [-shaped and perpendicular to the chain loop, and each frame the blades are covered with elastic material inside, the frame has the shape of a volumetric trapezoid on which a chain contour is mounted with the help of sprockets, the lifting branch of which is inclined backward at an angle of 70 ... 80 ° to the horizontal, the conveyor belt of the covering contour is made in the form of elastic belts with stays, the distance between the belts equal to the minimum size of the selected fruits, the swather and roll-in have fruit-shifting slats installed at an angle of 40 ... 50 ° to the direction of movement, in the lower part of which elastic rollers placed on bearings on the non-working side of the fruit-moving bar and mating with the working surface of the fruit-moving bar through the window, while the outer surface of the rollers is 5-10 mm higher than the working surface of the fruit-moving bar, and the structural dimensions of the width and length of the fruit-moving bar, height its installation above the field surface, setting angle to the horizon, the width of the rolling-in zone, the width of the fruit-lifting contour, the pitch and height of the blades, the width of the discharge zone, the depth of the receiving lot ka, the heights of the fruit-lifting contour are established according to the following relationships:
the width of the fruit-moving bar b = (1.2 ... 1.36) d _cp , where d _cp is the average diameter of the selected fruits;
the height of the fruit bar above the soil surface
h = (0.2 ... 0.25) d _cp ;
installation angle of the fruit-shifting bar to the soil surface

installation angle of the fruit-shifting bar to the direction of movement γ = 40 ... 50 °;
the length of the fruit-moving bar l = (3.0 ... 4.0) d _cp ;
the width of the roll-in zone B = (7.5 ... 8.5) d _cf ;
the width of the fruit-lifting contour E = (2 ... 3) d _cf ;
blade pitch t = (2.0 ... 2.6) d _cp ;
the height of the blades M = (2.0 ... 2.6) d _cp ;
the width of the discharge zone C = (4.0 ... 5.0) d _cp ;
the depth of the fruit-lifting tray K = (2.0 ... 2.4) d _cp ;
the height of the fruit-lifting contour N = 3.0 ... 3.5 m.

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