RU2354755C1 - Device to feed loose materials into electrolyser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device comprises a hopper attached, with a gap, to the electrolyser anode casing and furnished with a funnel-like box arranged, also with a gap, to the wall of the electrolyser gasholder bell and a valve-type batch box communicating with the hopper and representing a pipe allowing varying the feed volume with the help of detachable different-thickness plates attached to the ribs that align the tie-rod relative to the said pipe. It also incorporates a coaxially fitted electrolyte coke puncher provided with tie-rod and drive. The hopper filling hole has a screen representing a cup. The hopper top wall lateral sides are inclined downwards from the said filling hole. Note that the hopper incorporates two discharge branch pipes fitted in symmetry relative to its vertical axis. The discharge branch pipe upper end is arranged on the hopper inclined upper wall on the side of the filling hole, while its lower end extends outward from the hopper and towards the electrolyser. Excess pressure discharge rectangular openings are arranged at the center of the hopper inclined upper walls, on the side of filling hole. The hopper filling hole has a flange furnished with ribs arranged along its circumference.

EFFECT: ruling out ingress of alumina on anode surface and production process defects.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the production of aluminum by an electrolytic method and can be used to power aluminum electrolysis cells with alumina.

It is known "Device for feeding aluminum electrolyzer with alumina", including a hopper mounted on the electrolyzer with the ability to move it vertically, and a bursting element, which is made in the form of a horizontal rod rigidly connected to the hopper by jumpers, between the bursting element and the hopper wall closest to the electrolyzer a slotted opening was made, and through channels were made between the longitudinal walls of the hopper (Patent 10.06.1996, RU 2061797 C1).

A disadvantage of the known device is significant spillage and dusting of alumina when filling the hopper.

The closest technical solution is the “Device for feeding bulk materials into the electrolyzer”, which provides a hopper attached to the anode casing of the electrolyzer, a volumetric valve-type batcher connected to the hopper, and an electrolyte crust punch with a rod and a device coaxially placed relative to the batcher. The hopper is attached with a gap to the anode casing of the electrolyzer and is equipped with a box attached to its lower part and installed with a gap to the vertically made wall of the gas collecting bell of the electrolyzer. The back wall of the hopper is equipped with a protective screen. The dispenser is made in the form of a pipe with the ability to regulate the volume with interchangeable plates of various thicknesses attached to the ribs, the centering rod relative to the pipe. The dispenser has an upper and lower valve, and the outer edge of the upper valve of the dispenser is made with bevels above and below. The loading neck of the hopper is equipped with a grid in the form of a glass, and the sides of the neck of the upper wall of the hopper are made inclined. The box is made in the form of a bell (Patent RU 2239006 C1, 10.27.2004).

The known device can improve the reliability of the flow of bulk alumina, fluoride salts and crushed electrolyte.

The disadvantage of this solution is the dusting of raw materials when filling the hopper, as well as spills of alumina due to overflow of the hopper.

The claimed technical solution is aimed at eliminating the ingress of alumina on the surface of the anode, which leads to a breakdown of the technological regime, and to reduce losses of raw materials.

This is achieved by the fact that in the device for supplying bulk materials to the cell, including a hopper attached to the anode casing of the cell with a gap and provided with a box in the form of a bell, attached to its lower part and installed with a gap to the vertically made wall of the gas collecting bell of the cell, the rear wall the hopper is equipped with a protective screen, a volumetric valve-type dispenser connected to the hopper, made in the form of a pipe with the ability to control the volume with interchangeable plates of various thicknesses, captive to the ribs, centering the rod relative to the pipe, coaxially placed relative to the dispenser, an electrolyte crust punch with a rod and actuator, the dispenser has upper and lower valves, a hopper feed neck provided with a net in the form of a cup, the sides of the upper hopper wall from the neck are made inclined, moreover the hopper is equipped with two discharge nozzles mounted symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis, the upper section of the discharge nozzle is placed at the inclined upper wall of the hopper from the loading side of the neck, the lower section of the discharge pipe is led outside the hopper towards the electrolyzer, in the middle of the inclined upper walls of the hopper from the side of the loading neck, rectangular drainage windows for overpressure removal are made, the loading neck of the hopper is equipped with a flange with ribs around the circumference, a woven mesh is installed on the rectangular drainage windows .

The lower section of the discharge pipe, brought out of the hopper towards the cell, is directed into the electrolysis bath.

The intersection of the horizontal axes of the upper cut of the discharge pipe is installed in the middle of the inclined upper wall of the hopper from the loading neck on the long side.

The upper section of the discharge pipe is installed at the level of the lower edge of the rectangular drainage window.

The upper section of the discharge pipe is installed opposite the long edge of the rectangular drainage window from the side of the cell.

A multilayer mesh can be installed on rectangular drainage windows.

Figure 1 shows a General longitudinal view of the hopper.

Figure 2 shows a side view of the device.

Figure 3 is a view A in figure 1.

Figure 4 is a section bB in Figure 1.

A device for supplying bulk materials to the electrolyzer contains an anode casing 1, a loading neck 3 on the hopper 2, a box 4 attached to the bottom of the hopper 2 and closing the volumetric dispenser with a punch (not shown), the gas collecting bell section 5, the electrolysis bath 6 (conventional section ), rectangular drainage windows 7, discharge pipes 8, inclined upper walls of the hopper 9 from the side of the loading neck 3, woven mesh 10 of rectangular drainage windows 7, a mesh in the loading window 11, a flange with ribs around the circumference 12, a mesh cup agruzochnogo window 13.

The work of the proposed device for feeding bulk materials into the electrolyzer is as follows. The machine for the distribution of bulk material periodically fills the hopper 2 with another portion of alumina through the loading neck 3, on which a flange with ribs around circumference 12 is installed for better operation of the sealing ring of the loading device of the machine, which prevents air from escaping at the junction of the loading neck 3. As the hopper space is filled 2 with raw materials, air leaves it through rectangular drainage windows 7 and waste pipes 8. When filling hopper 2 to the top, loose alumina rushes first the holes of discharge pipes 8 and then pressed and held by the forces of friction braided mesh rectangular drainage boxes 10 7.

The loading device of the machine for dispensing bulk material is made by a sensor for automatically shutting off the feed to the hopper 2 due to the pressure on the feed bulk material. The equipment works in an aggressive environment and periodically fails. In such situations, alumina rushes into the waste pipes 8 and then directly into the electrolysis bath 6. The driver of the machine for dispensing bulk material visually first observes dusting from the lower sections of the waste pipes 8, emergency shuts down the supply of alumina to the hopper 2, prevents spillage of raw materials through the waste pipes 8.

With this design of the device for feeding bulk materials into the electrolyzer, the dusting of alumina at the loading neck 3 and the inclined upper walls of the hopper 9 both during the loading and at the end of it is absent.

The controlled and directed dusting of alumina in the lower part of the hopper near the electrolysis bath eliminates its ingress to the surface of the anode, and thereby prevents violations in the technological mode of aluminum production by the electrolytic method.

Claims (6)

1. A device for feeding bulk materials into the cell containing a hopper attached to the anode casing of the cell with a gap, with a box in the form of a bell, attached to its lower part and installed with a gap to a vertically made wall of the gas collecting bell of the cell, and the rear wall of the hopper has a protective a screen connected to the hopper is a valve-type volumetric dispenser made in the form of a pipe with the possibility of regulating the volume with interchangeable plates of various thicknesses attached to the ribs that center it relative to the pipe, wherein the dispenser has upper and lower valves, an electrolyte crust punch with a rod and a drive coaxially placed relative to the dispenser, the hopper feed neck is provided with a net in the form of a cup, and the side walls from the feed neck of the hopper upper wall are made inclined, characterized in that the hopper is equipped with two discharge nozzles mounted symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis, the upper section of the discharge nozzle is located at the inclined upper wall of the hopper from the loading side of the neck, the lower section of the discharge pipe is led outside the hopper towards the electrolyzer, in the middle of the inclined upper walls of the hopper from the side of the loading neck there are rectangular drainage windows for overpressure removal, on which a woven mesh is installed, the loading neck of the hopper is equipped with a flange with ribs around its circumference. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower section of the discharge pipe, brought out of the hopper towards the cell, is directed into the electrolysis bath. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the intersection of the horizontal axes of the upper cut of the discharge pipe is installed in the middle of the inclined upper wall of the hopper from the loading neck on the long side. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper section of the discharge pipe is installed at the level of the lower edge of the rectangular drainage window. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper section of the discharge pipe is installed opposite the long edge of the rectangular drainage window from the side of the cell. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a woven multilayer mesh is installed on the rectangular drainage windows.

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