RU2354680C2 - Installation for dehydration of hydrocarbon emulsion - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: installation consists of capacity with branches for discharge of gas, water and hydrocarbon raw material, of distributor of emulsion in form of branch, into break of which before capacity there is installed emulsion vortex intensively mixing and rotating emulsion flow. The vortex consists of a case, wherein inlet and outlet funnels are installed connected with a hollow bushing. The funnels are made with slots. Due to preliminary treatment of emulsion with the vortex without applying chemical effect time required for settling is considerably - not less, than five times - reduced.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of installation, reduced dimensions of capacity incorporated into installation and reduced material and finance cost.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The proposal relates to the oil and manufacturing industries, namely, installations for separating water from a hydrocarbon emulsion.

The well-known "Method of processing oil emulsion of the intermediate layers" (patent RU

No. 2256791, ЕВВ 43/34, B01D 17/04, publ. Bull. No. 20 dated July 20, 2005), which includes the supply of an oil emulsion to the tank, the separation of oil and the direction of the input of the oil treatment unit, while the supply of the oil emulsion to the tank is performed with a flow rate of 0.5-1 m ³ / h through a layer of wastewater of the same oil deposit with mineralization less than the saturation limit with a temperature of 20-30 ° C and a thickness of the wastewater layer of 6-8 m.

The disadvantages of devices using this method are:

- high material costs associated with the mandatory presence of an additional tank or unused space of the main tank with a height of at least 6-8 meters, filled with waste water;

- narrow technological framework for operability, associated with stringent requirements for constant monitoring during the process, such as water with mineralization below the saturation limit with the obligatory maintenance of a temperature of 20-30 ° C;

- low productivity associated with limiting the feed rate of the oil emulsion in the range of 0.5-1 m ³ / h

Also known is a "Device for the separation of oil-water emulsions" (patent RU No. 2250127, B01D 17/06, publ. Bull. No. 11 of 04/20/2005), containing a horizontal housing with nozzles for introducing oil-water emulsion and oil and water outlet, electrode system , vertical partitions, at least one of which is located between the inlet port of the oil-water emulsion and the electrode system so that the upper edge of this partition is installed with a gap to the upper generatrix of the housing, and the coalescing unit placed between the electrode system and the outlet port of the oil ty, while in front of a vertical partition placed between the pipe for the input of oil-water emulsion and the electrode system, an additional coalescing unit is installed, the lower edge of the vertical partition being placed above the horizontal axis of the apparatus.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- high material costs associated with the complexity of the design of the housing with a large number of partitions and the presence of an electrode system powered by direct current, which requires the presence of an autonomous power supply or an electric wire with a rectification system;

- high requirements for safety, maintenance and training of personnel servicing the apparatus associated with the presence of the electrode system;

- low productivity.

The closest in technical essence is the "Sump for separation of the emulsion" (patent RU No. 2242265, B01D 17/04, publ. Bull. No. 11 dated 12/20/2004), containing a vertical cylindrical container, the emulsion distributor in the form of a horizontal pipe and a set arranged in series with each other coaxially to the nozzle of the hollow truncated cones, rigidly fixed between themselves and with the nozzle and having internal diameters and opening angles, decreasing with distance from the end of the nozzle, and the last bump is a long cone, and a vertical exhaust pipe is installed on the emulsion inlet pipe along the upper generatrix, the upper end of which is located in the gas zone of the sump.

The disadvantages of this device are:

- high material costs associated with the complexity of the design of the emulsion distributor and the metal consumption of the entire sump;

- low productivity.

The technical task of the proposed device is to reduce material costs due to the simplification of the dispenser, reducing the size of the tank and increasing productivity due to the preliminary preparation of the emulsion.

The technical problem is solved by a device for dehydration of a hydrocarbon emulsion containing a container with nozzles for the outlet of gas, water and hydrocarbons, an emulsion distributor in the form of a nozzle.

New is that in the gap of the emulsion distributor in front of the tank, an emulsion flow swirl is additionally installed, consisting of a cylindrical body bounded by parallel walls through which the internal space of the body communicates with the input and output nozzles in communication with the distributor in alignment with the distributor, while the housing is coaxially mounted inlet and outlet funnels tapering towards the middle of the housing, where they are rigidly connected by a hollow sleeve, and the base of the inlet funnel is hermetically connected to the corresponding the wall of the housing, and on the side surfaces of the funnels there are made through backward directed helical slots, and in the walls of the hollow bushing - in the perpendicular axis of the plane, inclined or twisted from the inside outward towards the helical slots of the inlet funnel of the hole in the direction of movement of the emulsion, while between the outlet funnel and the outlet pipe a sub is installed, consisting of a cylindrical ring rigidly connected coaxially between each other, hermetically adjacent to another corresponding wall of the housing, a larger disk a meter that fits snugly to the cylindrical inner surface of the housing, and a cone inserted into the outlet funnel, hermetically connected by the base to the sub with the possibility of obtaining a calibrated annular gap between the base of the outlet funnel and the inner cylindrical surface of the housing, while samples on the cylindrical surface of the disk are made in the form of multiple threads with a profile height of not less than the annular gap in the direction of the screw slots of the inlet funnel, and through the channel in the walls of the ring holes that are made inclined or twisted opposite to the holes of the hollow sleeve, the throughput of these channels and the total throughput of the screw slots of the funnels and the holes of the hollow sleeve are almost equal to the throughput of the annular gap, while the inlet pipe is equipped with an expanding socket introduced into the inlet funnel with a conical chipper, expanding from the edge of the bell to the parallel wall.

Also new is that the number of slots in each funnel is at least one.

New is also the fact that multi-thread is made with a rectangular profile and the angle of inclination to the axis of the housing is not less than 45 °.

Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device.

Figure 2 shows the swirl in axial section.

Figure 3 shows the external scan of the inlet funnel with one groove.

Figure 4 shows the external scan of the output funnel with one groove.

Figure 5 shows a section aa of the hollow sleeve of the swirler.

Figure 6 shows a section bB ring swirl sub.

A device for dehydration of a hydrocarbon emulsion consists of a tank 1 (see FIG. 1) with gas outlet pipes 2, water 3 and hydrocarbon feedstock 4, as well as an emulsion distributor 5 in the form of a pipe.

In the gap of the emulsion distributor 5, in front of the container 1, a swirler 6 is additionally installed, consisting of a cylindrical body 7 (see Figure 2), bounded by parallel walls 8 and 9, through which the internal space of the housing 7 communicates with the input pipes 10 and output 11 coaxial with the housing, communicated with the dispenser of the emulsion 5 (see Figure 1). In the housing 7 (see FIG. 2), the inlet 12 and outlet 13 of the funnel are coaxially mounted, tapering to the middle of the housing 7, where they are rigidly connected by a hollow sleeve 14, and the base of the inlet funnel 12 is hermetically connected to the wall 8 of the housing 7. On the side surfaces of the funnels 12 and 13, there are made through reverse directional screw corresponding slots 15 (see Fig. 3) and 16 (see Fig. 4), and in the walls of the hollow sleeve 14 (see Fig. 2) - inclined or twisted from the inside in the perpendicular axis of the plane outward towards the screw slots 15 (see Figure 3) of the inlet funnel 12 (see Figure 2) 17 (see Figure 5) in the direction of movement of the emulsion. Between the outlet funnel 13 (see Fig. 2) and the outlet pipe 11, an adapter 18 is installed, consisting of a cylindrical ring 19 rigidly connected coaxially between each other and sealed against another corresponding wall 9 of the housing 7, a larger diameter disk 20 adjacent tightly to the cylindrical inner the surface 21 of the housing 7, and the cone 22 inserted into the outlet funnel 13, hermetically connected to the base with a sub 18 with the possibility of obtaining a tared annular gap 23 between the base of the outlet funnel 13 and the inner cylinder surface 21 of the housing 7. On the cylindrical surface of the disk 20, samples 24 are made in the form of multi-thread with a profile height not less than the size of the annular gap 23 in the direction of the screw slots 15 of the inlet funnel 12. In the walls of the ring 19, through channels 25 are made (see FIG. 6 ), which are made inclined or twisted opposite to the holes 16 (see Figure 5) of the hollow sleeve 14. The throughput of these channels 25 (see 6) and the total throughput of the screw slots 15 (see Figure 3) and 16 (see Figure 4) funnels 12 (see Figure 2) and 13 holes 17 (see Figure 5) of the hollow sleeve 14 almost equal to the throughput of the annular gap 23 (see Figure 2). The inlet pipe 10 is equipped with an expanding socket 26 introduced into the inlet funnel 12, with a conical bump 27 expanding from the edge of the socket 26 to the parallel wall 8 of the housing 7. The number of slots 15 (see Figure 3) and 16 (see Figure 4) funnel 12 (see Figure 2) and 13 should be at least one. Multiple threads 24 can be made with a rectangular profile and an angle of inclination to the axis of the housing α of at least 45 °.

The device operates as follows.

The hydrocarbon emulsion in the emulsion distributor 5 (see FIG. 1) is supplied to the container 1 through a swirl 6 installed in the gap of the distributor 5, where it settles. The released gas and water are discharged with sludge through the corresponding nozzles of the gas outlet 2 and water 3 from the tank 1. And the purified and dehydrated hydrocarbon feeds are discharged from the tank 1 through the nozzle of the hydrocarbon feed 4.

To accelerate the sludge process in the tank 1, the emulsion passes in the distributor 5 through the swirl 6. First, an analysis of the emulsion, which includes hydrocarbon feed, depending on which a calibrated annular gap 23 is selected (see Figure 2) between the inner surface 21 of the housing 7 and the base of the outlet funnel 13: for hydrocarbons containing light fractions (gasolines, diesel fuel, etc.), the gap 23 is taken - b = 0.5 mm, for heavy fractions with solid inclusions (tar, bitumen, etc. with sludge) - b = 1.5 mm, for intermediate GOVERNMENTAL and mixed fractions depending on the viscosity - b = 0,6-1,4 mm. From the distributor 5 (see FIG. 1), the emulsion is fed through an inlet pipe 10 (see FIG. 2) connected to the wall 8 through an expanding socket 26 with a conical bump 27 into the cylindrical body 7 of the swirler 6. The expanding socket 26 allows for more uniform distribute the flow of the emulsion inside the inlet funnel 12, and the conical chipper 27 eliminates the presence of turbulence zones at the base of the inlet funnel 12, which lead to the uncontrolled process of swirling the emulsion flow. Thanks to the screw slots 15 (see FIG. 3 is a variant with one slot) of the inlet cone 12, the emulsion flow inside the housing 7 (see FIG. 2) is rotated (in this case, shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 counterclockwise), and part of the flow through the slots 15 is taken out of the inlet funnel. Another part of the rotating emulsion flow through the hollow sleeve 14 (see FIG. 2) enters the outlet funnel 13, where the emulsion flow by the cone 22 of the sub 18 is directed to the walls of the outlet funnel 16, from where the flow through the screw slots 16 (see FIG. 4 is an option with one slit), the outlet funnel 13 enters. The screw slots 16 (see FIG. 4) of the outlet funnel 13 are directed in the opposite direction (in this case, clockwise) relative to the emulsion flow than in the inlet funnel 12 (see FIG. 2 ) Since the emulsion flows exiting through the screw grooves 15 and 16 of the corresponding funnels 12 and 13 are directed towards each other, their rotation direction relative to the initial rotation of the flow (counterclockwise) will coincide inside the housing 7. As a result of mixing the opposing emulsion flows outside the input 12 and outlet 13 funnels inside the housing 7, rotating at different speeds, leads to active vortex mixing. In this case, the heavier fractions are squeezed during rotation to the inner surface 21 of the housing 7, and the lighter ones to the hollow sleeve 14, where the emulsion is also fed through it through holes 17 (see Figure 5). This is due to the fact that the flow of the emulsion inside the hollow sleeve 14 is rotated, and the holes 17 are tilted or twisted from the inside out to the direction of rotation of this stream.

Due to the active mixing and rotation of the emulsion flow inside the housing 7, its constituent fractions, which are in a finely dispersed state, actively interact with each other and, due to centrifugal forces, increase in size and delaminate, which significantly reduces (by at least five times) the necessary time for emulsion settling in capacity 1 (see Figure 1) without the use of chemical, electrical and in combination with mechanical action on the emulsion.

Since the emulsion is fed continuously through the input pipe 10 (see FIG. 2), it is squeezed out of the housing 7 according to samples 24 of the disk 20, which exclude counter-reflected flow in the housing 7, and the channels 25 of the ring 19 into the output pipe 11 attached to the wall 9 of the housing 7. To reduce the hydrodynamic resistance of the sample 24 of the disk 20 is made in the form of multiple threads with a profile height of not less than the size of the annular gap 23 in the direction of the screw slots 15 (in this case, the left thread) of the input funnel 12, and the type of thread and its tilt at work the swirl 6 is not affected, but in practice it turned out that the rectangular thread of samples 24 with an inclination angle α≥45 ° to the stratified emulsion is most effectively selected. Also, to reduce the hydrodynamic resistance, the channels 25 (see FIG. 6) of the ring 19 are made inclined or twisted opposite to the holes 16 (see FIG. 5) of the hollow sleeve 14, that is, from the outside inward counterclockwise. At the same time, passing through the channels 25 (see Fig. 6) from the larger diameter of the ring 19 to the inner one, the rotation speed of the treated emulsion stream increases sharply, creating a vacuum in the central part of the stream, which ensures intensive gas evolution from the emulsion.

In order to ensure the least hydrodynamic resistance and work efficiency in a stream, it is necessary to observe practical equality:

where S1 is the total area of the screw slots 15 (see Figure 3) in the cross section of the inlet funnel 12, mm ² ;

S2 - the total area of the screw slots 16 (see Figure 4) in the cross section of the inlet funnel 13, mm ² ;

S3 - the total area of the holes 17 (see Figure 5), mm ² ;

S4 - the total area of the channels 25 (see Fig.6), mm ² ;

S5 - the area of the annular gap 23 (see Figure 2), mm ² .

Moreover, the total area of the screw slots 15 (see Figure 3) of the inlet funnel 12 in cross section is determined by the formula:

where s1 is the area of each screw slot 15 at the inlet funnel 12, mm ² ;

k is the number of slots 15, pcs., for k = 1, S1 = s1.

And the total area of the screw slots 16 (see Figure 4) in the cross section of the inlet funnel 13 is determined by the formula:

where s2 is the area of each screw slot 16 at the inlet funnel 13, mm ² ;

l is the number of slots 16, pcs., for l = 1, S2 = s2.

The total area of the holes 17 (see Figure 5) is determined by the formula:

where d is the diameter of the holes 17 in the hollow sleeve 14, mm ² ;

m is the number of holes, pcs.

The total area of the channels 25 (see Fig.6) is determined by the formula:

where s4 is the area of each channel 25 in cross section in the ring 19, mm ² ;

n is the number of channels, pcs.

The area of the annular gap 23 (see Figure 2) is determined by the formula:

where D is the diameter of the inner surface 21 of the housing 7, mm;

b is the size of the annular gap 23, mm

To maintain the operability of the swirler 6, a pressure differential between the inlet 10 and outlet 11 nozzles of 0.3 atm is sufficient, which is achieved by forcing the inlet 10 in the nozzle and / or a vacuum in the outlet 11 nozzle.

In cases where this pressure differential is not enough, then to increase the emulsion flow rate in the inlet pipe 10, reduce its transverse with the help of the inner insert 28 (conventionally shown in FIG. 2) and / or gradually narrow its internal channel (in FIG. 2 shown) to the wall 8 of the housing 7.

In cases where the pressure differential between the inlet 10 and outlet 11 nozzles is so high that the emulsion flow in the outlet 11 nozzle with a cylindrical inner surface can remain in a turbulent state for a long time, the inner surface of the outlet 11 nozzle is expanded from the wall 9 of the housing 7, soothing the flow treated with swirl 6 emulsion.

To increase the throughput of the swirler 6, the number of grooves 15 and 16 of the funnels 12 and 13 and / or the diameter of the inner surface 21 of the housing 7 are increased, leaving the annular gap 23 unchanged for the selected type of processed emulsion.

An example of a specific implementation.

Example 1. According to the distributor 5 (see Figure 1) through the swirler 6 in the tank 1 filed an emulsion in the form of light hydrocarbons (gasoline, diesel fuel) containing 28% water. One hour after sedimentation, samples were taken from the tank through the outlet pipe for hydrocarbon raw material 4. 0.4% of water remained in the hydrocarbon feed. Two hours after sedimentation, additional samples were taken from the tank through the outlet pipe for hydrocarbon raw material 4: 0.1% of water remained in the hydrocarbon raw material.

Example 2. According to the distributor 5 through the swirler 6 after reconfiguring the annular gap 23 (see Figure 2): b = 1.5 mm in the tank 1 (see Figure 1) filed an emulsion in the form of heavy hydrocarbons (bitumen) containing 44 % water. One hour after sedimentation, samples were taken from the tank through the outlet pipe for hydrocarbon raw material 4. 0.7% of water remained in the hydrocarbon feed. Two hours after sedimentation, additional samples were taken from the tank through the outlet pipe for hydrocarbon raw material 4: 0.2% of water remained in the hydrocarbon raw material. In this case, the heavy hydrocarbon was divided into fractions included in its composition.

This proposal, due to preliminary treatment of the emulsion with a swirler, will significantly reduce the time required for sludge (by at least five times) without using chemical influences, which will increase the productivity of the device, reduce the dimensions of the container included in the device, and, as a result, save material and financial resources.

Claims (3)

1. A device for dehydration of a hydrocarbon emulsion containing a container with nozzles for the outlet of gas, water and hydrocarbons, an emulsion distributor in the form of a nozzle, characterized in that in the gap of the emulsion distributor in front of the tank an additional emulsion flow swirl is installed, consisting of a cylindrical body bounded by parallel walls through which the internal space of the housing is communicated with the input and output nozzles coaxial with the housing communicated with the distributor, while the housing is coaxially mounted the entrance and exit funnels are tapered, tapering to the middle of the housing, where they are rigidly connected by a hollow sleeve, and the base of the input funnel is hermetically connected to the corresponding wall of the housing, with through slots made on the side surfaces of the funnels, and inclined holes in the walls of the hollow sleeve in the perpendicular axis of the plane in the direction of movement of the emulsion, while between the output funnel and the outlet pipe installed sub, consisting of a rigidly interconnected cylindrical ring, tightly adjacent to another corresponding wall of the housing, the disk and the cone inserted into the outlet funnel, hermetically connected by the base to the sub with the possibility of obtaining a tared annular gap between the base of the outlet funnel and the inner cylindrical surface of the housing, while on the cylindrical surface of the disk, samples are made in the form of multi-thread with a profile height not less than the size of the annular gap in the direction of the screw slots of the inlet funnel, and in the walls of the ring - through channels, which are made at an angle or opposite to the flow of the emulsion, and the throughput of these channels and the total throughput of the screw slots of the funnels and holes of the hollow sleeve are practically equal to the throughput of the annular gap, while the inlet pipe is equipped with an expanding socket introduced into the inlet funnel, with a conical chipper expanding from the edge socket to the corresponding wall. 2. The device for dehydration of a hydrocarbon emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of slots in each funnel is at least one. 3. The device for dehydration of a hydrocarbon emulsion according to claim 1, characterized in that the multi-thread is made with a rectangular profile and the angle of inclination to the axis of the housing is not less than 45 °.

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