RU2353561C2 - Emergency space suit for transport vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aircraft industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to emergency soft-type space suit. According to invention, space suit consists of external pressure shell and internal pressure-tight shell, pressure-sealed entry to those shells, a headpiece with glazing, pressure control, umbilical connector of independent airborne life-support system, and control panels. At that, space suit is made so that it can make bigger when inner volume thereof is blown up to the volume allowing the cosmonaut to change his positions inside that volume. Inside the space suit pressure-tight shell there arranged are the above control panels as well as lighting device and a cradle with device of cosmonaut's individual fixation at powered flights. Headpiece with glazing, pressure-tight and pressure shells are integral parts of rigid transport vehicle construction. Through the above umbilical connector there provided is supply of liquid nutritional medium as well as discharge of liquid waste products.

EFFECT: improving space suit performance, and providing safe and comfortable stay of cosmonaut in depressurised cabin during a long period of time (~10 days).

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Description

The present invention relates to a rescue space suit of a soft type.

Known emergency rescue suits (ASSC) type SK, Hawk, Falcon, Swift [1], used when flying a man into space. The main objective of such ASSCs is to rescue the astronaut in case of depressurization of the spacecraft’s cabin at the most dangerous flight sites: launch position and launch, dynamic operations in orbit, descent to Earth.

Actually, any ACCC is a system sealed with respect to the external environment and made in the form of overalls from a two-layer shell, with a separate power shell (external) and a sealed (internal) shell placed inside it, having a helmet with glazing and a device for automatically closing the porthole, removable gloves and cuffs, an internal heat-insulating suit with a ventilation system, upper protective clothing, boots, a headset and other devices providing the possibility of staying in it until How many hours. The internal volume of the airtight shell is connected to the pressure regulator in the spacesuit, the safety valve, and through the integrated communications (hoses) connector with the on-board individual astronaut life support system (IOL), located on board the spacecraft. To control the processes carried out inside the ASCC, a pneumatic systems control panel and an electrical systems control panel are installed outside the sealed enclosure (see [1, p. 264, Fig. 11.3-4]).

For quick dressing, ASCC serves as a chest swing on the force shell and a device called an appendix on an airtight shell. Closing of a plow is carried out either by lacing (АССК "СК"), or by power lightning (АССК "Стриж"). Sealing the inner shell is achieved by twisting the appendix material and fixing the twisted material, for example, with a rubber band.

The disadvantages of the existing ASCCs include the short time spent by the astronaut in them (not exceeding 3 days) due to the limited volume inside the spacesuit, which does not allow to provide the necessary number and quality of movements and creates discomfort for a long time in the spacesuit: helmet attached to the soft shell of the spacesuit , presses on the shoulders, swivel joints require additional effort during movement ([1] p. 69), ([2] p. 60, 63).

ASSC “Strizh” was taken as a prototype - a suit of soft construction ([1] p. 238-244), developed on the basis of ACSK “Sokol-KV” and “Sokol KV-2”, with a built-in helmet.

The cosmonaut’s emergency rescue suit “Strizh” contains a power shell and an airtight shell located inside it with entry elements inside the shells and an entrance sealing device, a helmet with a glazing, a pressure regulator, a combined communications connector associated with the astronaut’s individual airborne life support system, and other elements that protect the person from adverse environmental conditions.

In normal flight, the suit is ventilated by cabin air. In an emergency, the spacesuit is sealed and the parameters of the gaseous medium inside the spacesuit are ensured due to the operation of the IZOZ in a closed loop. Thermoregulation of astronauts in spacesuits is ensured by the operation of the refrigeration-drying unit, which is part of the IOL.

The JSC “Strizh” provides for the possibility of drinking with a helmet closed, and there are also means to absorb urine and absorb odors. The maximum allowable time spent in the ACSK "Strizh" does not exceed 12 hours.

The technical solution of the present invention is to improve the operational characteristics of the spacesuit and providing the possibility of a safe and more comfortable stay in a depressurized cabin for a long (~ 10 days) time.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the rescue suit of the astronaut for a vehicle containing a power shell and a hermetic shell placed inside it with entry elements inside the shells and an entrance sealing device, a helmet with glazing, an integrated communications connector, a pressure regulator, in contrast to the known sealed and power shells, as well as a helmet with glazing made in one piece with the rigid structure of the vehicle inside its volume, forming a pressurized sealer nnuyu system, the sealed envelope and the power made arbitrary shape such as a hemisphere with a larger internal volume of the suit.

It is proposed to place a lodgement with an individual fixation device for the astronaut, an IRIS control panel, an electrical systems control panel, a lighting device, and vital products removal devices inside the sealed envelope of an astronaut’s rescue spacesuit. In addition, it is envisaged that the liquid nutrient medium will be supplied through the integrated communications connector, through which liquid waste products will also be discharged.

Unlike the design of the prototype, the airtight and power shells do not repeat the astronaut’s silhouette in shape, but have an arbitrary shape with an increased internal volume, allowing you to repeatedly change the astronaut’s postures during a long stay in the ASSC, take measures to maintain vital functions for a long time, and perform a set of preventive physical exercises.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in figures 1, 2, which show:

figure 1 is a structural diagram of ASC;

figure 2 - sealed connection of power and sealed shells with a rigid structure.

The proposed ASCC contains (see Fig. 1) a power shell 1, covering a sealed shell 2, a power shell 1 and a sealed shell 2 are connected tightly around the perimeter with a rigid structure 3 (for example, with a chair or with elements of the vehicle body) and with a helmet with glazing 4. The power shell 1, the hermetic shell 2, the rigid structure 3 and the helmet with the glazing 4 form a pressurized system with respect to the external environment (cabin).

The power casing 1 has an entry element inside the ACCS - open 5 with power lightning 6, and the sealed casing 2 - appendix 7 with a rubber band 8 (input sealing device).

Inside the hermetic shell 2 there is a lodgement 9 with an individual fixation device for the astronaut 10, an IRIS control panel 11, an electrical systems control panel 12 and a lighting device 13 connected to the cable harness 14, which is connected to the on-board systems via a pressure passage 15, and also means for removing vital products ( not shown in FIG. 1).

On a rigid structure 3, a combined communications connector 16 is installed, connected by gas-liquid lines to an individual on-board astronaut life support system (IOL), located on board the vehicle (not shown in Fig. 1).

The pressure regulator 17 is placed inside the sealed enclosure 2 and has an exit to the vehicle cabin.

The tight connection of the power 1 and tight 2 shells with a rigid structure 3 is shown in figure 2, where are indicated: 18 - groove in the flange 20 of the rigid structure 3, 19 - clamp element of the flexible tight shell 2 to the flange 20 of the rigid structure 3, and 21 - mounting element.

The power shell 1 perceives tensile forces resulting from the action of excess pressure in the process of pressurizing this shell with oxygen from the cylinders. Shell 1 can be made of durable fabric (such as lavsan or based on ultra-high modulus fiber CBM) or in the form of a dacron mesh.

The hermetic shell 2 serves to seal the internal volume of the ACCC, has air tightness, resistance to tearing and punctures, elasticity, large elongation. The shell 2 can be made of rubber or rubberized knitwear.

Rigid construction 3 is a supporting element for creating a sealing system consisting of soft power and tight shells 1, 2 and a helmet with a glazing 4.

A helmet with a glazing 4 provides the necessary overview, tightness, protection of the head from shock, noise.

Swing 5 with power lightning 6 and appendix 7 provides entry and exit from the ACCS, and a rubber tourniquet 8 - sealing appendix 7.

The lodgement 9 with an individual fixation device for the astronaut 10 is designed to conveniently place the astronaut and ensure its safety in the active sections of the vehicle’s flight when exposed to mechanical loads.

The IRIS 11 control panel is used to control units that form gas-liquid flows in the ALIS with specified parameters to maintain human activity inside a confined space.

The control panel for electrical systems 12 is used to communicate with the central control panel of the vehicle in order to issue and receive astronaut especially important commands and transmit telemetric information about the status of the astronaut.

The cable harness 14 provides communication between the control panel of the electrical systems 12 and the lighting device 13 with the on-board systems via a pressure passage 15.

Through the integrated connector of communications (hoses) 16, the tight connection of the gas-liquid lines of the IZOZ is carried out.

The pressure regulator 17 performs the following functions: automatically maintains the specified overpressure in the ACCC and relieves the pressure when the permissible level is exceeded.

ACCC operates as follows. To dress the ACSC, the astronaut through the open swing 5 and appendix 7 enters the shell 2, turns on the IRIS control panel 11 and the electrical systems control panel 12, turns on the individual onboard life support system from the console 11, the lighting device 13, zips up 6, closing the swing 5 on the shell 1, seals the appendix 7 with a rubber band 8, adjusts the pressure regulator 17 to the required pressure value, pre-pressurizes the shells to check the tightness of the shell 2 and with positive pressure ultatah produces final pressurization shells 1, 2 to a desired pressure value, then placed in the cradle 9 and, if necessary, fixes herself using a fixing apparatus 9.

When oxygen is supplied from the coolant and overpressure is created in the shell 2, a free volume is formed, for example, in the form of a hemisphere, sufficient to provide access to the consoles 11 and 12, the pressure regulator 17 and other elements located inside the shell 2. An increase in the internal volume of the shells 1 and 2 provides the possibility of repeatedly changing the astronaut’s posture during a long stay in the ASC, taking measures to maintain life for a long time, and performing a set of preventive physical x exercises also issue critical commands for return to Earth.

Literature

1. I.P. Abramov, M.N. Dudnik and others. Space suits of Russia of JSC NPO Zvezda 2005, pp. 138-159, 238-244, 264.

2. S.P. Umansky. The equipment of the astronaut. Moscow, Mechanical Engineering, 1982, pp. 56-76.

Claims (1)

An astronaut’s emergency rescue suit for a vehicle, comprising a power shell and a hermetic shell placed inside it with entry elements inside the shells and an entrance sealing device, a glazed helmet, a pressure regulator, a combined communications connector associated with the astronaut’s individual onboard life support system, control panels, characterized in that the spacesuit is made with the possibility of increasing, when pressurized, its internal volume to a volume that allows you to change the astronaut's poses inside and this volume, while inside the sealed envelope of the spacesuit the indicated control panels are located, as well as a lighting device and a lodgement with an individual fixation device for the astronaut in active areas of the flight, the helmet with glazing, the airtight and power shells are made in one piece with the rigid structure of the vehicle.

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