RU2353081C1 - Tillage assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: proposed tillage assembly comprises a hitch tongue, journaled with a frame, consisting of a middle and two side sections, kinematically linked to it using levers and hydraulic cylinders, balancing and transport wheels with a hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism of changing the position of transport wheels in the working and transport position. Cutters, soil breaking and rolling apparatus are mounted in series in the direction of movement of the tillage assembly. The flexible joint between the hitch tongue and the frame is provided with a hydraulic cylinder, hydraulically linked to the hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism of changing position of the transport wheels. Soil breaking apparatus are mounted behind the cutters. Rollers are mounted behind the soil breaking apparatus and work as rolling and weeding apparatus. The rollers comprise a set of cone-shaped annular drums with a concave outer surface, mounted on the common axis of the roller using balancing arms.

EFFECT: quality tillage, in accordance with agricultural requirements.

14 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to combination machines having working bodies for tillage, and can be used for primary and pre-sowing tillages.

Known combined units for tillage and sowing, containing a frame, a tow hitch mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation, a cultivator, a hopper for seeds, a device for preparing the soil and distributing seeds, a packer roller, support wheels and shorting (see certificate on the floor. RF model No. 16422 according to MKI A01B 49/06, announced on July 3, 2000, and certificate for floor model of the Russian Federation No. 49415 according to MKI A01B 49/06, announced on May 25, 2005).

The disadvantages of the known device include the complexity of the design of the unit, its considerable weight, as a result of which the unit is buried in loose soil, and the low technological capabilities associated with preparing the soil for sowing, in particular with combing weeds from the soil.

The closest in technical essence (prototype) is an aggregate for tillage, including a bale, pivotally connected to a frame consisting of a middle and kinematically connected with it using levers and hydraulic cylinders of two side sections, support and transport wheels with a hydraulic cylinder for changing the position of transport wheels to the working and transport positions and the cutting tools mounted in sequence along the direction of the tillage aggregate, grinding tools and rollers that compact the soil (rollers), see RU No. 22563 12 C1, 07.20.2005.

The disadvantages of the known aggregate (prototype) include the complexity of the design and the fact that after processing the soil on the field there are not combed weeds associated with the soil, which subsequently take root and continue to grow.

The technical result is a simplification of the design and ensuring high-quality, in accordance with agronomic requirements, tillage.

This is achieved by the fact that in the soil cultivation unit, including the gnome, pivotally connected to the frame, consisting of the middle and kinematically connected with it using levers and hydraulic cylinders of two side sections, support and transport wheels with a hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism for changing the position of the transport wheels in the working and transport position and cutting tools sequentially mounted along the direction of the tillage aggregate, grinding and compacting soil tools, according to the invention, articulation of the tongue and tongue It is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder, hydraulically connected to the hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism for changing the position of the transport wheels, while a cutting tool is mounted behind the cutting tools, and rollers are mounted as packer and combing weeds of the tools behind the grinding tool, including a set of conically concave concave the outer surface of the annular shells, which are connected to the common axis of the roller with spokes.

The soil grinding tool is made in the form of a tooth harrow. The rollers are mounted behind the grinding tools at an angle that provides an active effect on the soil, equal to from 70 to 90 ° to the direction of movement of the tillage unit, forming an angle between themselves, the top of which is directed forward.

The rollers are mounted behind the grinding tools at an angle that provides a passive effect on the soil, equal to from 70 to 90 ° to the direction of movement of the tillage unit, forming an angle between themselves, the top of which is directed forward.

The central rollers are interconnected by a soil leveling element, for example a chain.

The outer edge of the larger base of each cone-shaped with a concave outer surface of the shell is set at an angle equal to 20-45 ° to the direction of movement of the tillage implement.

The spokes of each ring shell are mounted at an angle to the plane of each ring shell, forming a cone directed by the apex towards the cutting edge of the larger diameter of each ring shell.

The spokes of each ring shell are made curved in the form of an arc made by a convex surface towards the cutting edge of the larger diameter of each ring shell of the roller.

The spokes of each ring shell are made L-shaped, while the L-shaped corner of the spoke protrudes from the cutting edge of the larger diameter of each ring shell of the roller by an amount equal to from 20 to 100 mm.

The upper shelf of the L-shaped spokes of each annular shell is made from the outer surface of the cutting edge of the roller at a distance of the shells deepening into the soil.

The outer surface and the edge of the larger base of each annular shell is hardened, for example, by a hard wear-resistant alloy.

At least one side is provided with recesses on at least one side of the annular shell.

The recesses are semi-oval, for example in the form of a semicircle, or semi-ellipse.

The recesses are made with at least two faces, for example triangular, or rectangular, or polygonal.

The novelty of the proposed technical solution is that the articulation of the tongue to the frame is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder hydraulically connected to the hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism for changing the position of the transport wheels, while the cutting tool is mounted behind the cutting tools, and the rollers are mounted as the weed and combing tools for the soil grinding tool comprising a set of cone-shaped annular shells consecutively mounted on the common axis of the roller with a concave outer surface, which are connected Ans with a common axis of the roller with knitting needles.

Thus, the installation of a separate hydraulic control cylinder on the grip allows to simplify the design, reduce the weight of the unit and prevent shock loads on the mechanism for changing the position of the transport wheels during the movement of the tillage unit on an uneven soil surface.

The execution of the outer surface of each annular cone-shaped shell of the roller of a concave shape forms a sharper edge in the larger base of the cone-shaped ring shells of the roller, which allows to increase the depth of penetration of the rollers into the soil without increasing the total weight of the unit and to preserve all other functions associated with loosening, soil compaction and combing of weeds .

These characteristics are new, non-obvious, industrially feasible and aimed at achieving the technical task posed by the invention to simplify the design, improve manufacturability and efficiency of tillage.

Additional features that reveal the specific implementation of the structural elements of the proposed device are the implementation of the soil-grinding tools in the form of a tooth harrow, the installation of rollers behind the grinding tools at an angle that provides active or passive impact on the soil, equal to from 70 to 90 ° to the direction of movement of the tillage unit, forming between each other the angle, the apex of which is directed forward, the connection of the central rollers to each other by an element leveling the soil, for example a chain second edge of the larger base of each of the concave-conical outer surface of the sleeve installed at an angle of 20-45 ° to the direction of tilling unit signs are optional, disclose the specific performance of the structural elements of the proposed tilling unit.

The execution of the spokes of each ring shell mounted at an angle to the plane of each ring shell, forming a cone directed by the apex towards the cutting edge of the larger diameter of each ring shell, curved in the form of an arc made by a convex surface towards the cutting edge of the larger diameter of each ring shell of the roller, G- shaped, while the L-shaped corner of the spoke protrudes from the cutting edge of the larger diameter of each ring shell of the roller by an amount equal to from 20 to 100 mm, the implementation of the upper flange G- each of the annular shells from the outer surface of the cutting edge of the roller at a distance of deepening the shells into the soil, hardening the outer surface and the edges of the larger base of each ring shell, for example, with a hard wear-resistant alloy, and semi-circular, for example in the form of a semicircle, on one side of the ring shell semi-ellipse, with two faces, for example triangular, or rectangular, or polygonal recesses allows you to more efficiently process the soil and comb out the weeds.

Since the spokes of each roller (L-shaped, either in the form of an arc or in the form of a cone) are made protruding beyond the plane of each shell in front of the cutting edge of the shell, their protruding part filling the space between the ring shells has an additional function of capturing the weeds and their pulling (combing) from the soil.

The implementation of the upper flange of L-shaped knitting needles of each ring shell included in the roller set from the outer surface of the roller cutting edge at a distance of the roller deepening into the soil provides more effective capture of weeds and their pulling out of the soil, without giving additional resistance to the movement of the tillage unit, and at least at least on one of the outer lateral sides of the cone-shaped concave annular shell of the roller of the recesses allows more reliable capture of weeds, grinding of the soil, magnify the depth of penetration into the soil at the same weight of soil tillage implement.

Hardening of the outer surface and the cutting edge of the annular conical shell of the roller, for example, hard wear-resistant alloy, allows to extend their service life.

Figure 1 schematically shows a tillage unit with cutting discs, a harrow, grinding and packer rollers installed in active mode.

Figure 2 presents a side view of the tillage unit.

Figure 3 presents an embodiment of a tillage unit with cultivating legs.

Figure 4 schematically shows a tillage unit with cutting discs, grinding and rolling rollers.

Figure 5 presents the roller with a set of cone-shaped annular cones with a concave outer surface of the shells connected in series on a common axis.

Figure 6 presents the cross section of the annular conical shell with a concave outer surface and a cutting edge "A".

Figure 7 shows a cross section of an annular conical shell with a concave outer surface with a hardened layer deposited on it.

In Fig 8. presents the roller installed in passive mode.

Figure 9 presents the packer roller with the options for performing knitting needles: a) - L-shaped, c) - in the form of arcs, c) - cone-shaped knitting needles.

Figure 10 shows the packer roller with options for making recesses on the side of the shell: a) oval, c) triangular, c) polygonal, d) in the form of an isosceles triangle.

The proposed tillage unit consists of a frame 1 with sections 2 and 3, pivotally connected to the sheath 4, with cutting discs 5 or cultivator legs 6 mounted on the frame 1 and sections 2 and 3 (see Fig. 3), transport 7 and support 8 wheels . The frame 1 is pivotally and kinematically connected by means of levers 9 and a hydraulic cylinder 10 (see FIG. 2) with a pin 4. The hydraulic cylinder 10 is hydraulically connected to a hydraulic cylinder 11 of the mechanism for changing the position of the transport 7 wheels. Harrows leveling and loosening the soil surface 12 are mounted on the frame 1 and sections 2 and 3 in front of the grinding rollers 13, behind which the roller rollers 14 are formed, formed by a set of conical ring shells 15 with a concave outer surface 16 and a cutting edge 17.

A wear resistant hard alloy 18 is applied to the outer concave surface 16 (see Fig. 7). Cone-shaped annular shells 15 are mounted on the axis of the roller using straight lines 20 located in the plane of the ring shell 15 of the spokes, which can be made either in the form of arcs 21, or L-shaped 22, or at an angle to the axis 23. From the sides of each ring shells 15 can be made recesses, which, depending on the required agricultural conditions can be performed semi-oval 24, triangular 25, or polygonal 26 shape. In the particular case, the recesses can be made, for example, of a triangular shape in the form of an isosceles triangle 27. The flange 28 of the L-shaped shape of the spokes is made with respect to the extreme point “A” of the cutting edge 17 of each ring shell 15 of the roller at a distance “C” of the recess of the ring shells into the soil. The packer roller 14 is equipped with a spring 29 pressing it against the surface of the soil.

Before starting work, the tillage unit is transferred from the transport to the working position. To do this, by turning on the hydraulic cylinders, the frame sections are lowered to the soil surface, and by turning on the hydraulic cylinder 11 of the mechanism for changing the position of the transport wheels 7, the frame 1 and sections 2 and 3 are lowered to the soil surface. Transport wheels 7 are freely mounted on the surface of the soil. The snica, due to the discharge of the working fluid from the hydraulic cylinder 10, is lowered to the level of the hitch of the vehicle.

Since the hydraulic cylinders 10 and 11 are interconnected hydraulically, when the hydraulic cylinders are installed to drain the working fluid out of them, when the soil level fluctuates, there are no hard knocks on the frame and there is no hard impact on the transport wheels 7.

The packer rollers 14 with a set of annular cone-shaped with a concave outer surface 16 of the ring shells 15 are installed on the tillage unit after the grinding rollers 13. In this case, the packer rollers 14 can be installed both in the active, see Fig. 5, and in the passive, see. 9 modes. In the active mode, the packer roller 14 is installed at an angle to the direction of movement of the unit so that the longitudinal axes of each packer 10 of the roller 14 form an angle to the direction of movement of the unit, equal to 70-90 °. In passive mode, the angle of inclination of the chord "B" connecting the edges of the concave surface of the annular conical shell 15 of the roller (see Fig. 8) to the direction "V" of movement of the tillage implement is set at an angle of 70-110 ° (mainly perpendicular).

The proposed tillage unit in active mode works as follows.

Initially, the soil is loosened with cutting discs 5 or cultivator legs 6, after which the formed longitudinal longitudinal elevations (ridges) between the cutting discs 5 or cultivator legs 6 are leveled with leveling harrows 12. Then, the soil is ground to the required size using grinding rollers 13, and then the soil is impacted by rolling rollers 14 with a set of annular conical shells 15 with a concave outer surface 16.

When the tillage unit moves, the annular cone-shaped shells 15 with a concave outer surface 16 roll over the soil, being at an angle to the direction of movement of the tillage unit. In this case, the annular conical shells 15, due to their location at an angle to the direction “V” of the movement of the tillage unit with the cutting edge 17, begin to penetrate into the soil to a predetermined depth. Weeds encountered in the path of the annular cone-shaped shells 15 are pulled out or cut by the cutting edge 17 and carried to the surface of the soil. In this case, the knitting needles 20, which can be made straight 20, curved 21, or L-shaped 22, or cone-shaped 23, contribute to the capture of weeds and dropping them to the soil surface behind the packer rollers 14. The presence of recesses oval 24, 27, triangular 25 , polygonal 26 shape on the side surfaces of the annular conical with a concave outer surface of the shells 15 enhances the effect of trapping weeds, allows you to more effectively grind the soil and level its surface. In the case when the weeds did not fall under the cutting edge 17 of the annular conical shell 15, the latter fall between the spokes 20, 21, 22, 23 of the packer roller 14 and are pulled out (combed out) from the soil.

In the passive mode of operation of the unit, the location of the tillage roller 14 is changed by turning it 180 °, which mainly works on rolling the soil and removing weeds.

The proposed tillage unit is a reliable multifunctional design. At the same time, the amount of penetration of the cone-shaped annular shells 15 of the packer rollers 14 into the soil is controlled both by changing the angle of inclination of the tillage roller to the direction of movement of the tillage unit, and by increasing the load by changing the force of the spring 29 of the packer roller.

Currently, working drawings have been developed for the proposed tillage unit and a prototype has been manufactured, which is being field tested.

Preliminary tests have yielded positive results. The soil after passing the proposed tillage unit was smooth, evenly shredded, finely lumpy. All weeds were pulled out or cut and lay on the surface of the soil.

A decision was made on the serial production of the proposed tillage units.

Claims (14)

1. A unit for cultivating the soil, including a bale, pivotally connected to a frame consisting of a middle and kinematically connected with it using levers and hydraulic cylinders of two side sections, support and transport wheels with a hydraulic cylinder for changing the position of the transport wheels in the working and transport positions and mounted sequentially in the direction of movement of the tillage aggregate, cutting tools that grind and pack the soil tools, characterized in that the articulation of the tongue and frame is equipped with a hydraulic cylinder ohm, hydraulically connected to the hydraulic cylinder of the mechanism for changing the position of the transport wheels, while the cutting tools are mounted behind the cutting tools, and the rollers are mounted as packer and combing weeds for the grinding tools, including a set of cone-shaped cones with a concave outer surface annular shells that are connected to the common axis of the roller with knitting needles. 2. The unit for tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil grinding tool is made in the form of a tooth harrow. 3. The unit for tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the rollers are mounted behind the grinding tools at an angle that provides an active effect on the soil, equal to from 70 to 90 ° to the direction of movement of the tillage unit, forming an angle between itself, the top of which is directed forward . 4. The unit for tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the rollers are mounted behind the grinding tools at an angle that provides a passive effect on the soil, equal to from 70 to 90 ° to the direction of movement of the tillage unit, forming an angle between itself, the top of which is directed forward . 5. The unit for tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the central rollers are interconnected by an element leveling the soil, for example a chain. 6. The tillage unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer edge of the larger base of each conical annular shell with a concave outer surface is set at an angle of 20-45 ° to the direction of movement of the tillage unit. 7. The soil tillage apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the spokes of each ring shell are mounted at an angle to the plane of each ring shell, forming a cone directed by the apex toward the cutting edge of the larger diameter of each ring shell. 8. The tillage unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the spokes of each annular shell are made curved in the form of an arc made by a convex surface towards the cutting edge of the larger diameter of each ring shell of the roller. 9. The soil tillage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the spokes of each annular shell are made L-shaped, while the L-shaped corner of the spoke protrudes from 20 mm to 100 mm from the cutting edge of the larger diameter of each ring shell of the roller. 10. The tillage unit according to claim 8, characterized in that the upper shelf of the L-shaped spokes of each annular shell is made from the outer surface of the cutting edge of the roller at a distance of the shells deepening into the soil. 11. The unit for tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer surface and the edge of the larger base of each ring shell is hardened, for example, by a hard wear-resistant alloy. 12. The unit for tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one side of the annular shell is made recesses. 13. The unit for tillage according to item 12, characterized in that the recesses are semi-oval, for example, in the form of a semicircle or semi-ellipse. 14. The unit for tillage according to item 12, characterized in that the recesses are made with at least two faces, for example, triangular, or rectangular, or polygonal.

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