RU2351792C1 - Hydroelectric pumped-storage power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: present invention pertains to hydro-power engineering and can be used for producing electrical and heat energy from water pressure. The hydroelectric pumped-storage power plant has an overhead tank, filled with water, hydro-aggregate unit, bottom tank, connected to the overhead tank, pipes with a control valve, vacuum hydraulic accumulator with a hydraulic hoist, and a pressure water pipe. The hydraulic accumulator is in form of a chamber, in the upper part of which the hydro-aggregate unit is put. This chamber is open at the bottom and is in the overhead tank, open to the atmosphere and joined by a return pipe and valve through a flexible drive with the top of the hydraulic accumulator. The bottom sealed tank is divided by a partition wall, fitted with clearance to its bottom, into a variable pressure chamber and a static pressure chamber. The bottom part of the variable pressure chamber is joined to the overhead tank by a pipe with a valve, and its top part is joined by an air pipe through the valve with the return pipe and with the top sealed part of the water pressure pipe. The latter is also joined through the valve to the return pipe. The top sealed part of the water pressure pipe is located higher than the water level of the overhead tank and has a draining valve. The bottom part has a back-flow valve and is located in the static pressure chamber with clearance to its bottom. The invention provides for independent operation of the electric power plant with accumulation capacity of actuating medium, and allows for longer operation of the plant with increased efficiency.

EFFECT: provision for independent operation of the electric power plant with accumulation capacity of actuating medium, and longer operation of the plant with increased efficiency.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of hydropower and can be used for the production of electric and thermal energy due to the pressure of water created by a device based on natural water sources, or specially constructed.

Known pumped storage power plant, including a turbine room with hydraulic units connected to the lower pool, the upper pool connected by a water conduit to the hydraulic units, the aircraft is lighter than air, the compressor with a gas pipeline and shutoff valves, braces and anchors, and the upper pool is made in the form of a tank attached to the aircraft the apparatus and is raised above the Earth’s surface, the water conduit is made of flexible material, and the aircraft is connected by a gas pipeline to a compressor, while the gas pipeline and water con heated to each other, and the aircraft, the reservoir of the upper basin and the water pipe with anchored extensions are attached to the Earth's surface (see RF patent No. 2106453, IPC ⁶ ЕВВ 9/00, F03B 17/00, publ. 05.27.1998).

Common features of the known and proposed technical solutions are:

- upper pool,

- lower pool

- hydraulic unit,

- pipelines with control valves

- the implementation of the pipeline of flexible material.

The disadvantages of the known pumped storage power plants are:

limitation of the plant capacity due to the use mainly of hydrostatic pressure of the water column, its difference in elevations of water levels and the limited accumulated water resource due to the carrying capacity of the balloon.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed technical solution is a pumped storage power plant (hereinafter referred to as PSPP), including a sealed upper reservoir connected via a pipeline to a valve with a source of compressed gas, a lower reservoir connected to the atmosphere, an additional sealed lower reservoir communicated pipelines with valves with an upper tank and atmosphere, a hydraulic unit connected by a pipeline to the upper tank and lower rvuarami pipes, equipped with shutters. The ratio of the volume of one reservoir downstream to the volume of another is 0.9-1.1 (see ed. Certificate No. 953078, M. cl. ³ F02B 9/00, publ. 23.08.1982).

Common features of the known and proposed solutions are:

- upper tank

- sealed lower tank connected by pipelines with valves with the upper tank,

- hydraulic unit,

- pipelines with control valves.

The disadvantages of the known pumped storage power plant are as follows.

During the discharge of the PSPP, the differential pressure difference procedure is in the range from positive positive pressure to obtaining its discharged part by venting the contents of the volume of the lower pressurized tank into the atmosphere. The function of this tank to obtain the discharged part of the pressure is ineffective, since it has a narrow range of differential pressure differences, and, as a result, the short period of the water pressure associated with the emptying of the upper tank. Therefore, the well-known PSPP does not provide an adequate supply of accumulation in the working environment and, as a result, has a short period of effective work.

The technical task is to create an autonomous pumped storage power plant with an increased accumulation reserve in the working medium by expanding the differential pressure difference range of the gas with the establishment of a constant water pressure in the connected hydraulic system of the PSPP, ensuring the duration of the PSPP operation while increasing its efficiency.

The technical problem of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a known pumped storage power plant containing an upper reservoir filled with water, a hydraulic unit, a lower reservoir communicated with the upper reservoir, pipelines with shut-off and control valves, the newly installed vacuum reservoir with a hydraulic lift and a water pipe are new. the vacuum accumulator is made in the form of a chamber, in the upper part of which a hydraulic unit is located, and from the bottom this chamber is open and located in the upper tank, connected to the atmosphere and connected by a return pipe and a valve by means of a flexible drive with the upper part of the vacuum accumulator, the lower sealed tank is divided by a partition installed with a gap to its bottom into a variable pressure chamber and a static pressure chamber, the lower part of the variable pressure chamber connected to the upper tank by a pipeline with a valve, and its upper part is connected by means of an air pipeline through valves with a return pipe and to the upper her sealed part of the water pipe - the latter is also connected via a valve to the return pipe, while the upper sealed part of the water pipe is located above the water horizon of the upper tank and is equipped with a drain valve, and the lower part is equipped with a check valve and is located in the static pressure chamber with a gap to the bottom of the chamber .

In addition, the chamber of the vacuum accumulator is cylindrical and has a conical section in the upper part.

In addition, the hydraulic unit is installed coaxially with a vacuum accumulator and contains a turbine with a coaxially mounted generator.

In addition, the return pipe has a U-shaped section, the upper part of which is located above the point of connection with the vacuum accumulator at any position in space and is in communication with its cavity.

The set of features of the present invention extends the range of the differential pressure difference in the direction of its discharged part. The proposed device is a vacuum accumulator with a hydraulic lift, providing lifting of the water mass to a fixed height, forms the coincident action of the PSP discharge and charging procedure. The charging procedure is a one-time action of lifting a mass of water. The discharge procedure is a long-term action of the water weight force resource. The preservation of the pressure differential range - gas pressure poles, determines the duration of the turbine with the flow of water pressure. The pressure adjustment (power) is provided by changing the height of the rise in the mass of water by its surface part. This ensures the duration of the PSPP operation while increasing its efficiency.

The claimed solution allows to obtain a fluid flow of the working medium by means of accumulation of an air gradient of compression and discharge, which changes the lower and upper levels of the water horizon while maintaining the principle of communicating vessels with an average atmospheric level in one common closed system, as a result of which a constant hydraulic pressure is established with the possibility of energy extraction in places consumption i.e. the autonomy of the PSPP with an increased accumulation reserve in the working environment is ensured

The drawing shows a pumped storage power plant, containing the upper tank 1, in communication with the atmosphere, while it can be made artificially and filled with water or can be a natural source of water (pond, lake). In the upper tank 1 there is a vacuum accumulator 2 with a telescopic hydraulic lift 3. The vacuum accumulator 2 is made in the form of a chamber, in the upper part of which there is a hydraulic unit containing a turbine 4 with a coaxially mounted generator 5, and the hydraulic unit is located above the water level and placed in a vacuum chamber accumulator. The chamber of the vacuum accumulator 2 can be cylindrical and in the upper part may have a cone-shaped portion 6, and when it is located in the artificially created upper reservoir, the chamber is located coaxially in it. From the bottom, this chamber is open and located in the upper reservoir 1. The upper reservoir 1 is connected by a return pipe 7 and a valve 8 by means of a flexible reinforced drive 9 with the upper part of the vacuum accumulator 2, which has a drain valve 10. The return pipe 7 has a U-shaped section, the upper part which is located above the point of connection with a vacuum accumulator 2 and connected to its cavity by a vacuum hydraulic 11, acting as a hydraulic. The return pipe 7 can be connected to the lower central drain point of the created upper tank 1.

The pumped storage power plant (PSPP) contains a sealed lower reservoir 12 that performs the function of an air accumulator, which is divided by a partition 13, installed with a gap to its bottom, into a variable pressure chamber 14 and a static pressure chamber 15. The partition 13 can be inclined, forming an acute angle in the variable pressure chamber 14. The lower part of the variable pressure chamber 14 is connected to the upper tank 1 by a pipe 16 with a valve 17. In the case of an artificially created upper tank 1, the pipe 16 can be connected to the lower peripheral part of the tank 1. The upper part of the variable pressure chamber 14 is connected via an air pipe 18 to the air valve 19 to the upper sealed part of the water pipe 20 and through the valve 21 to the return pipe 7. The pipe 20 is connected via a valve 22 with return pipe 7. The upper sealed part of the water pipe 20 is located above the water horizon of the upper tank 1 and is equipped with a drain valve 23. The lower part of the water pipe 20 is equipped with a return water valve Anom 24 and is located in the chamber of static pressure 15 with a gap to the bottom of the chamber equal to the gap with which the partition 13 is installed to the bottom of the tank 12.

The principle of operation is as follows.

In the initial position, the tanks 1 and 2, the pipeline 16 and part of the return pipe 7, the lower part of the air accumulator 12 and the water pipe 20 are filled with water, valves 8, 21, 19 and 22 are closed, the drain valves 10 and 23 are open. The process of charging the PSPP is carried out, for which the drain valve 10 is closed and the vacuum accumulator 2 is lifted by means of a hydraulic jack 3. The lifting of the mass of water in the surface part of the upper tank 1 determines the charging power of the PSPP. Next, the PSP discharge process takes place: for this, the bleed valve 23 is closed, the portion of compressed air is vented by the valve 19 to the upper part of the cavity of the water pipe 20. Open valve 8, through the vacuum space of the return pipe 7, through the flexible drive 9, the water jet enters the turbine blades 4. The difference in pressure drop is enhanced due to the organization of the external circuit of the movement of water: through the pipe 16, the lower tank 12 in the water pipe 20, through the valve 22, which has positive pressure, the pressure water supply pipeline 7, while the laminar movement of water along the outer contour of the straight pipe 16 goes into turbulent water movement in the return pipe 7. The lower level of the pipe 16 is below the air accumulator 12. When a water stream passes through the variable pressure chamber 14, compressed microbubbles of air are released, accompanying a stream of water into the chamber 14. The accumulation of bubbles in the form of excess pressure is vented through the valve 21, then through the valve 8 into the return pipe 7, which changes the specific gravity in rows in the direction of its reduction on the plot airlift rise in conduit 7. The turbine 4 is rotated continuously, since under the action of pressure water jet, due to the difference in gas pressure differential. The turbine 4, located at the top of the cone-shaped section 6, during rotation distributes the components of the forces - centrifugal along the outer contour and centripetal along the axis, enhances the suction in the upper part of the vacuum accumulator 2, and the top of the suction cone of the funnel of water movement coincides with the center of the return pipe 7, and the circulation along the external contour of the movement of water coincides with the intake of water at the junction of the pipeline 16.

The turbine 4 transmits the motion to the generator 5, thus ensuring the continuous efficient operation of the PSP.

Claims (4)

1. A pumped storage power plant containing an upper reservoir filled with water, a hydraulic unit, a sealed lower reservoir in communication with the upper reservoir, pipelines with control valves, characterized in that it additionally has a vacuum accumulator with a hydraulic lift and a water pressure pipe, while the vacuum accumulator is made view of the chamber, in the upper part of which the hydraulic unit is located, and from the bottom this chamber is open and located in the upper tank, connected with the atmosphere and the connection With a return pipe and a valve by means of a flexible drive with the upper part of the vacuum accumulator, the lower sealed tank is divided by a partition installed with a gap to its bottom into an alternating pressure chamber and a static pressure chamber, and the lower part of the alternating pressure chamber is connected to the upper reservoir by a pipeline with a valve, and its upper part is connected via an air pipeline through valves with a return pipe and to the upper sealed part of the water pipe, the latter being f is connected via a valve with a return conduit, with the upper sealed portion of a water pipe disposed above the horizon and the upper water reservoir is provided with a drain valve and the lower part is provided with a check valve and located in the chamber static pressure with a clearance to the bottom of the chamber. 2. The accumulating power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the vacuum accumulator chamber is cylindrical and has a cone-shaped section in the upper part. 3. Hydraulic storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic unit is installed coaxially with the vacuum hydraulic accumulator and comprises a turbine with a coaxially mounted generator. 4. The pumped storage power station according to claim 1, characterized in that the return pipe has a U-shaped section, the upper part of which is located above the point of connection with the vacuum accumulator at any position in space and is in communication with its cavity.