RU2348746C1 - Loom reed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textile fabrics, paper.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to weaving production of textile industry and is related to loom reed. Reed comprises teeth located in metal straps with the help of weaving wire, fixed by brackets in edges and installed with permanent pitch in central part of reed and increasing pitch along edges. Reed is made as soild. On reed edges there are teeth with reed number equal to 0.53 T_b.c., where T_b.c. is number of central part reed, 0.53 is reed reinforcement ratio. Thickness of teeth of reed central part is arranged as ratio of linear filling with metal per 100 mm of reed 22÷28.1 to reed number. Thickness of teeth along reed edges is defined through ratio of central part teeth to ratio of reed reinforcing of 0.53, at that reed height in light is arranged as less by 10÷26.6% depending on type of loom.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of equipment by up to 20% by preservation of optimal tension of main threads in cycle of loom operation and prevention of critical dynamic loads on base threads, and also improved quality of produce due to more free distribution of base threads in reed teeth and lower amount of bound threads.

4 dwg, 3 tbl

Description

The invention relates to weaving the textile industry, can be used for the production of all types of fabrics with a embedded edge and is made in soldered or glued form.

Known weaving reed containing teeth arranged in increments according to the number of reeds (number of teeth per 10 cm) and fixed with leno wire in metal plates. On the edges of the teeth of the reed are fixed with cheekbones. The pitch and thickness of the teeth are made identical throughout the width of the reed [1].

However, this design of the reed has several disadvantages and does not fully meet modern requirements, namely:

- has a high metal content in the working area of the reed, which leads to a decrease in the distance between the teeth of the reed and thereby to increased breakage during weaving;

- the reed number and the thickness of the reed teeth are the same from one edge to the other, without taking into account dynamic loads in the tissue formation zones, namely: the duck density in the edges is twice as high as in the background, therefore the edge load of the reed teeth carries the main load;

- during the development of dense tissues with a high coefficient of cohesion, axial deformation of the teeth of the reed occurs, especially in the extreme teeth of the reed, which leads to increased abrasion of the main threads and high breakage at the edges.

The prototype is a sectional reel of a loom, consisting of sections of reeds with different tooth pitch, the connection of which is carried out in the groove of the loom of a loom using a pressure plate with a protrusion and a U-shaped profile bar. The numbers of the reeds of the sections of the extreme zones of the sectional reeds increase from the central part to the edges, and the tooth pitch decreases to the central part along a second-order curve [2].

The disadvantage of the prototype is its narrow use - only for fabrics such as cord. In addition, the reed, consisting of separate sections, creates difficulties when installing them on a loom, because when joining sections, the tooth pitch can be increased. The main purpose of the reed is to maintain the density of the fabric along the entire width of the dressing, however this design does not allow creating favorable conditions for the passage of warp threads in the reed area.

The technical result of the invention is to increase equipment productivity up to 20% by maintaining the optimal tension of the main threads for the machine cycle and preventing critical dynamic loads on the warp threads, as well as improving product quality due to more free distribution of warp threads in the teeth of the reed and reducing associated threads.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the reed of a loom containing teeth located in metal overlays with a leno wire, fixed along the edges by the cheekbones and installed with a constant pitch in the central part of the reed and with an increasing pitch along its edges, according to the invention, the reed is made integral along the edges of the reed, at a distance of 1.1 ÷ 1.3 cm, the teeth are located with the reed number equal to 0.53 N _b.c. , where N _b.c. is the reed number of the central part, 0.53 is the reed gain, the tooth thickness central part The nerd is made as the ratio of linear metal filling per 100 mm of reed 22 ÷ 28.1 to the reed number, and the thickness of the teeth along the edges of the reed is determined through the ratio of the thickness of the teeth of the central part to the gain of the reed 0.53, while the light height in the light is made smaller by 10 ÷ 26.6% depending on the type of machine.

The technical result, which consists in increasing the productivity of the equipment up to 20% by maintaining the optimal tension of the main threads for the cycle of the machine and preventing critical dynamic loads on the warp threads, as well as improving the quality of the products is achieved for the following reasons:

1. The thickness of the teeth of the reed is reduced relative to the prototype by 15 ÷ 28% and depends on the number of reeds. This allows you to increase the distance between the teeth of the reed and thereby reduce the dynamic and abrasive loads on the warp threads, therefore, reduce the breakage of the warp threads and increase the productivity of the loom.

2. The number of the bird at the edges is defined as the product

N _b.cr = N _b.c · 0.53. The decrease in the number of reeds in the edges made it possible to reduce the filling of the edges with fibrous material and more correctly distribute the warp threads in the zone of edges, i.e. along the edges of the reed at a distance of 1.1 ÷ 1.3 cm from the edge of the reed on the left and right sides, which reduces the dynamic load on the thread and stabilizes the straightness of the warp threads along the edges of the reed, which, in turn, reduces abrasion and, therefore, breakage .

3. The thickness of the tooth of the bird on the edges is increased relative to the Central part and is defined as the ratio of S _cr. = S _c / 0.53. Reinforcing the reed around the edges with a more durable structure creates the conditions for stable fixation of the filling width of the harsh fabric without deformation of the teeth of the reed due to shrinkage of the fabric in the weft, which increases the productivity of the equipment.

4. Reducing the height in the light to 26.6% will increase the stiffness of the teeth of the reed and thereby compensate for the use of the teeth of the reed with a smaller thickness, which, in turn, helps to reduce the breakage of threads and increase productivity of the equipment.

Figure 1 shows the inventive reed of a loom, frontal projection; figure 2 is the same, profile projection; figure 3 is a section along aa; figure 4 presents the kinematic diagram of the inventive device.

The inventive reed of a loom can be made soldered or glued. Bird is a one-piece metal structure consisting of teeth 1 of the central part and teeth 2 located at the edges of the bird. Teeth 1 and 2 are intertwined with wire 3 and fixed in metal plates of lower 4 and upper 5. Metal cheekbones 6 are installed along the edges of the reed.

где S_ц - толщина зубьев 1 центральной части, 22-28,1 - величина линейного заполнения металлом (из которого изготовлены зубья берда) на 100 мм берда, N_б.ц=120 - номер берда центральной части принимаем из технического расчета ткани (см. с.6 описания). Величину линейного заполнения металлом на 100 мм берда центральной части (З _м.ц) определяют:Bird is made according to the calculation with the thickness of the teeth 1 in the Central part as a ratio

where S _c is the thickness of the teeth of the 1st central part, 22-28.1 is the linear filling of the metal (from which the reed teeth are made) per 100 mm reed, N _b.ts = 120 - the number of reeds of the central part is taken from the technical calculation of the fabric (see .s.6 descriptions). The magnitude of the linear filling of metal per 100 mm reed of the Central part (Z _mts ) determine:

W = N _{m.ts b.ts} · S _c = 120 · 0.23 = 27.6 mm / 100 mm reed,

where Nb.ts is the number of the reed of the central part,

S _c - the thickness of the tooth byrd of the Central part.

The basic linear filling value is 25.1, which is determined experimentally.

The permissible deviation from the basic linear filling value is 12%, i.e. the value of Z _mts is in the range of 22 ÷ 28.1.

When the linear filling value is greater than 28.1 mm / 100 mm reed, the decrease in friction in the reed travel zone will be insignificant (for example, with respect to the prototype), while the linear filling value <22 mm / 100 mm reed decreases, the reed design becomes unstable, which will lead to to quick wear.

At the edges of the reed, the value of the reed number N _{cr is} calculated, as well as the thickness of the tooth of the reed at the edges, therefore, we carry out a test calculation of the linear filling with metal (from which the teeth are made at the edges of the reed) per 100 mm

Z _m.kr = N _b.ts · S _kr. = 65 · 0.4 = 26 mm / 100 mm reed at the edges.

The value of Z _m.ts and Z _m.kr can be expressed in mm or in%.

Example: 3 _m.kr = 26 mm / 100 mm reed or

The reed number at the edges is defined as the product of 0.53 · N _{, b.c} , where N _{, b.c} is the reed number of the central part, 0.53 is the gain of the reed determined experimentally. Moreover, with this reed number, the teeth are located at the edges of the reed at a distance of 1.1–1.3 cm. [3, p. 466, 470]. The thickness of the teeth 2 at the edges of the reed is defined as the ratio of the thickness of the teeth to the coefficient of 0.53, and the height of the reed in the light is made less by 10 ÷ 26.6% and depends on the type of machine and the manufacturability.

The weaving loom 7 (Fig. 4) is installed in a beam 8 of a rectangular batan made of aluminum alloy and having a longitudinal groove, in which the reed 7. is fastened via screws 9 through a steel plate 10. Cams 11 and 12 rotate on shaft 0. Cam 11 is in contact with the roller 13, and the cam 12 is in contact with the roller 14. The rollers are mounted on an angular lever 15 located on the tail shaft 16. Blades 17 are fixed on the tail shaft, on which the beam 8 and reed 7. are mounted. When the main shaft of the loom rotates shaft 0 with cams 11 and 12. U lovoy lever 15 via rollers 13 and 14 makes a rotational motion through the blades 17 and the bar 8, the movement of the loom reed receives 7 on the stroke of the reed A.

We give the technical calculation of the fabric "Bumazeya" article 1144 (see table 1)

Table 1 one. The width of the harsh fabric, see 90 ± 1,5 2. Warp / weft number No. 42 / No. 12 3. Density on a basis / on a duck, n / dm 258 ± 5/211 ± 6 four. The total number of threads in the warp, including edge 2256 5. Bird Number 120/65 6. The width of the base on the reed, cm 94.0 7. % earnings based 9.0 8. Base weight in 100 m of harsh fabric b / y 5,813 9. Base weight with adhesive 6,046 10 Weight duck in 100 m of harsh fabric b / y 17,289 eleven. % glue 6.0 12. % duck shrinkage 4.3 13. % fumes based 1.92 fourteen. % duck burn 0.29 fifteen. The weight of the base is 100 m with ug. 5,927 16. Weight duck in 100 m with y 17,339 17. Weight 1 sq. M. 259 eighteen. Again 19. EXIT of fabric in meters from 1 kg of yarn 4,298

The calculation of the fill factor of the gap between the teeth of the reed node:

1. The value of the node is equal to (2 ÷ 2.25) · d _u.ts ,

where d _u.ts - conditional diameter of the thread,

,

,

where N is the number of yarn.

2. The gap between the teeth of the reed:

where N _b - reed number according to the technical calculation of the fabric;

S is the thickness of the teeth of the bird.

3. The coefficient of filling the node between the teeth of the reed node:

If K ₃ > 1, the passage of the node through the reed is difficult and it is necessary to change the reed number.

To ₃ should always be less than 1 and the smaller the value, the more favorable the conditions for the passage of warp threads in the reed zone.

Example of calculating a reed based on Bumazeya fabric, article 1144:

1. Determine the conditional diameter of the warp threads of the Central part

where N _o.c is the number of the main yarn in the central part.

2. Determine the gap between the teeth of the reed of the Central part:

3. We determine the fill factor of the gap between the teeth of the reed of the central part with a knot:

4. Determine the conditional diameter of the warp along the edges of the reed:

where N _o.kr - the number of the main yarn at the edges;

5. Determine the gap between the teeth of the reed at the edges

where S _cr - the thickness of the tooth along the edges of the reed.

6. Determine the coefficient of filling the node gap between the teeth of the reed at the edges:

The calculation data are summarized in table 2 comparison

In the above comparison table, the reed manufacturability is estimated by the node filling factor of the gap between the reed teeth. In the claimed design, the gap between the teeth increases by 16.3% in the central part and by 56% along the edges of the reed compared to the prototype, thereby creating conditions for increasing the productivity of the loom and improving the quality of the harsh fabric.

An example of a weaving loom designation.

The reed of the central part (N _b.ts. ), type 1, version 1, reed number 120 with the number of teeth 1098, reed height 85 mm, reed height 50 mm.

Birdo of the central part 1.1-120 · 1098 · 85 · 50.

Reed at the edges of the reed: type 1, version 1, reed number 65 with the number of teeth 8 × 2, height 85 mm, height reed in the light 50 m.

The reed is at the edges 1.1-65 · (8 × 2) · 85 · 50.

To place an order for the manufacture of reeds, the calculation data are entered in table 3.

Table 3. No. p / p Name Indicator values one. Bird Number Byrd number of the central part N _b.ts = 120 Byrd number at the edges N _bk = 65 2. Execution one one 3. Tooth thickness in mm 0.23 0.4 four. Tooth width in mm 2.7 2.7 5. Bird height in mm 85 85 6. Clear height in mm fifty fifty 7. Working width in mm 915.4 12,3x2 8. Number of teeth 1098 8x2 9. Byrd thickness in mm 6.7 6.7 10. Total reed width in mm 940

According to the calculation, the brazed reed was made for the STB-220 loom, working in 2 cloths, producing the fabric of the “Boomasei” article 1144.

Tests of the bird were carried out at the Kineshmsky textile mill "Tomna", Kineshma, Ivanovo region.

After testing, 20 STB-220 looms that worked in 2 webs, article 1144, were in the industrial gas station.

According to the laboratory, the breakage of the yarn in the central part was 0.32 (prototype 0.51), along the edges of the reed - 0.29 (prototype 0.62), the productivity on the loom was 4.65 m / g per fabric (prototype - 3.72 m / g). The increase in productivity during the production of severe article 1144 fabric was 18% (average of 20 machines).

The device operates as follows.

In the process of processing into fabric, the base on the loom passes through the guiding organs of the machine through the peephole lamella of the main observer, peephole gum eye (not shown in the drawings) and between the teeth 1 and 2 of the reed 7. The most difficulty in moving the backing is in the reed zone, since here the difference between the size of the cross section of the knot or any other thickening of the yarn and the distance between the teeth 1 and 2 of the reed 7 is very insignificant.

When approaching the node (thickening) in the course of the reed 7, the patency of the thread is difficult. This causes an increase in the tension of the thread, which most often leads to a break. In this case, a break occurs in the area with a disturbed weakened structure of the thread.

The smaller the difference between the size of the knot on the yarn and the distance between the teeth of the bird, the greater the friction of the threads on the teeth of the bird, the tension of the threads, resulting in increased breakage of the threads.

In the claimed design of the reed, the teeth of the central part are made thinner and the distance between the teeth P is increased (see table 2).

The reed at the edges at a distance of 1.1 ÷ 1.3 cm on the left and right sides is reinforced with a more solid structure by reducing the reed number by a gain of 0.53 and the tooth thickness at the edges is increased as the ratio of the thickness of the teeth of the central part to the reed gain 0 , 53.

This is due to the fact that in the process of weaving, the filament yarns experience higher dynamic loads than the warp yarns in the central part:

- the density along the duck at the edges of the reed is 2 times higher than in the central part due to the embedded edge, i.e. the end of the trimmed weft thread is laid in the fabric;

- due to the shrinkage of the fabric by the weft during the formation of the fabric on the loom, the left and right edges of the dressing are shifted to the center, which leads to deformation of the teeth of the reed and increased abrasion of the warp threads.

During the operation of the loom, the reed experiences high dynamic loads, therefore, in order to compensate for the use of thinner teeth in the reel design, the stiffness of the teeth is increased. In this connection, the claimed design reduced the height of the reed in the light by 10 ÷ 26.6%. The amount of reduction depends on the type of loom.

The inventive design of the reed allows to increase the productivity of equipment and labor, reduce the complexity of the process, improve the quality of the products produced while reducing waste.

Information sources

1. TU 9671-012-00300558-06 Reed soldered for looms.

2. A.S. 1640240 USSR, MKI 5 D03D 49/62 Sectional fabric of a loom. V.A. Kuznetsov, V.N. Fedoseev, E.V. Doronin, V.P. Ivanov (USSR) No. 4491885/12, decl. 10.10.88, publ. 04/07/91, bull. No. 13. - 2 p.: Ill. 2.

3. Bukaev P.T. Cotton weaving: a directory / P.G. Bukaev, E.P. Onikov, L.A. Malkov, etc., under the general editorship of P.G. Bukaev - 2nd ed. - M .: Legprombytizdat, 1987 .-- 576 p.

4. Markova B.A. Processing of chemical fibers and threads: reference book / B.A. Markova, N.F. Surnina; under the general editorship of B.A. Markova and N.F. Surnina - M .: Legprombytizdat, 1989. - 744 p.

Claims (1)

The weaving loom of the loom, containing teeth located in metal plates with a leno wire, fixed at the edges with skupas and installed with a constant step in the central part of the reed and with an increasing step at the edges, characterized in that the reed is made integral, at the edges of the reed, at a distance of 1 , 1 ÷ 1.3 cm, the teeth are located with the reed number equal to 0.53 N _b.c. where N _b.c. - the reed number of the central part, 0.53 - the reed gain, the thickness of the teeth of the central part of the reed is made as the ratio of the linear metal filling per 100 mm of reed 22 ÷ 28.1 to the reed number, and the thickness of the teeth along the edges of the reed is determined through the ratio of tooth thickness the central part to the gain of the reed 0.53, while the height of the reed in the light is made less by 10 ÷ 26.6%, depending on the type of machine.

Images