RU2347619C1 - Device for electrohydropulsed processing of materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device to process materials by electro-hydraulic pulses comprises a housing filled with liquid, explosion chamber, electric discharge source fitted inside the said chamber and mechanism designed to unload the material processed. The aforesaid housing represents a tube, the said explosion chamber being formed by the electric discharge electrode system and the housing. The electrode system comprises one or several electrodes fed by the controlled pulsed generators via feeder devices. The axes of electrodes are arranged at the angle of less than 90 degrees to the bath angle, the electrode axis apexes being directed to the unloading side.

EFFECT: continuous processing eliminating use of mechanical transfer appliances.

15 cl, 8 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to pulsed energy, in particular, to powerful industrial apparatuses for electro-hydroimpulse exposure (EHI) both on inorganic (ores, building materials, etc.) and organic materials, such as root crops, bast crops, wood, etc.

State of the art

The main elements of an electrohydroimpulse installation are a pulsed current generator, an energy output-input device, which is usually used coaxial cables, a process unit containing a system of electrodes placed in a metal housing filled with liquid, usually water, with the material being processed - a technological tank (bath, chamber, container) (L. Yutkin, “Electro-hydraulic effect and its application in industry.” - L.: Mechanical Engineering, 1986. Also: “Equipment and technological processes sys using the electro-hydraulic effect. ”Under the editorship of Gulogo GA M: Mashinostroenie, 1977). When a pulse voltage is applied to the electrodes between the electrodes, a powerful pulse discharge occurs in the liquid. Materials are processed by factors arising from the discharge - shock wave, hydroflow, ultraviolet radiation, magnetic and electric fields, ionization products of the filling liquid medium and the material itself. With EGI due to powerful shock waves, the percentage of extraction of useful metals from ores increases, the juice separation of root crops (e.g., sugar beets) increases, the bast and lignin of fibrous materials are separated, which ensures a thinner fiber (e.g. linen) or paper.

The equipment also includes a process control device with a master oscillator, a device for loading and unloading the processed material, a pumping system, and a pumping liquid.

It is known A.S. USSR No. 1702590. 1995.03.27. "METHOD OF ELECTROHYDRAULIC CLEANING OF PRODUCTS AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION." The method includes laying parts in a container, immersing it in a working fluid, cleaning parts in reverse discharge mode at a voltage between current leads of 10-15 kV with a discharge frequency of 2-10 Hz. The device comprises a tank with a working fluid, a container, current leads with a movement mechanism. The current leads are made in the form of a coaxial cable with a slice at the end located at an angle of 35-45 ° to the plane of the bottom of the container.

This invention can only be used with relatively small volumes of processed material, as it does not involve a continuous process.

A DEVICE FOR ELECTROHYDRAULIC CRUSHING, GRINDING AND REGENERATION OF MATERIALS is also known (AS USSR No. 1378124 of 03/28/1986). The invention relates to electro-hydraulic crushing, grinding and regeneration of various materials and can improve the reliability of the electro-hydraulic device and expand its technological capabilities. The device contains a technological tank, inside of which there is a discharge and additional loading chambers formed by horizontal plates, in which holes are made, forming in the set the internal cavity of the discharge chamber and the internal cavity of the loading chamber, respectively. The holes are made tapering downward, forming an inclined surface along which large pieces of source material with high strength and abrasive characteristics roll into the working area of the discharge chamber, in which a positive electrode is installed. The upper part of the bottom of the device is composed of horizontal plates with holes whose size is larger than the sum of the internal diameters of the holes. The lower part of the bottom is composed of vertical plates in which cutouts are made. The gaps between the plates, which also serve as a negative electrode, are regulated by gaskets. In the upper part of the discharge chamber there is a loading pipe, through which it is also possible to load small pieces of material with low abrasive and strength characteristics.

The disadvantage of this design is the difficulty of providing a continuous technological process of organic materials, as well as the inability to adjust the duration of the processing process. The known design can be used for a long time only at relatively low energies of the shock wave. Its disadvantage is also the short duration of the impact of the discharge on the material, which does not allow for a sufficient degree of processing.

The closest technical solution to the proposed invention is a DEVICE FOR ELECTROHYDRAULIC CRUSHING OF MATERIALS (RF Patent RU 2044569 from 1993.03.29). The invention consists in the following. A device for electro-hydraulic crushing of materials comprises a housing forming a cone-shaped container filled with liquid with inclined side walls, a metal perforated explosive chamber, a chamber moving mechanism, an electric discharge source installed in the chamber with the possibility of longitudinal, transverse and vertical movements, a mechanism for unloading crushed material, made in the form of a screw conveyor. The camera movement mechanism has a drive trolley with support arms, l-shaped grippers are mounted on the free ends of which, the supporting surfaces of each of which are equipped with horizontal and vertical shock absorbers, respectively, for vibrating movements in two mutually perpendicular directions to the explosive chamber.

However, this device is also not efficient enough in operation, since it is too metal-intensive, insufficiently productive, and just like the devices mentioned above, it is not applicable for processing fibrous materials.

Disclosure of invention

The objective of the invention is to create such a design of a technological device in which it is possible to conduct a continuous technological process with an energy input of hundreds of kilowatt hours without the use of mechanical means of moving large volumes (from hundreds of kilograms to several tons per hour or more) of the processed material. The continuity of the process significantly reduces the cost of processing, simplifies the design and improves the operational characteristics of the device. At the same time, the design should provide a wide range of changes in the processing modes, in particular, along with a change in the electric mode (pulse operating voltage and current, pulse repetition rate), the adjustment of the processing time of the material should also be supported.

The requirement to exclude mechanical means of moving the processed material is due to the fact that at high energies introduced by the electrode system (more than 1 kJ per electrode) and a large number of electrodes (up to several tens) placing any additional equipment in the bath, for example conveyors, pushers, makes processing difficult loading and unloading of the processed material dramatically reduces the reliability and trouble-free service life of the equipment, increases the installation price and the cost of the process.

Fulfillment of the tasks is achieved by the fact that in the technological device for electrohydroimpulse exposure to materials containing a casing forming a technological capacity (TE) filled with liquid, an explosive chamber, an electric discharge source installed in the chamber, a mechanism for unloading the processed material, the casing is made in the form of a pipe, explosive the chamber is formed by the electrode system of the source of electric discharges and the housing, consists of one or more electrodes powered by controlled pulse generators osredstvom feeder devices, wherein the axis of electrodes disposed at an angle less than 90 ° to the axis of the bath, with vertices directed in the discharge direction.

Another difference is that the loading of the processed material and the unloading of the processed material takes place on opposite sides of the pipe.

An important difference is that the electrodes in TE are located along its length both on the side surfaces, and also above and below along its entire perimeter, for example, on a generatrix, which is a helix with a step exceeding the interelectrode discharge distance by more than 2 times, or at different heights TE.

The next difference is that, along with electrodes located on the lateral surfaces at an angle of less than 90 ° to the TE axis, with vertices pointing in one direction, electrodes are also installed in it at sharp angles to the TE axis, but with vertices pointing in the opposite side.

The fifth difference is that the electrodes are located around the perimeter of the TE so that their axes are parallel to the tangent walls of the TE.

The sixth difference is that the technological capacitance is installed in such a way that its axis is directed vertically, and the electrodes are arranged so that the predominant propagation of the shock wave occurs upward at an angle of less than 90 ° to the TE axis.

The seventh difference is that the electrodes are made in the form of replaceable elements with a discharge gap disk-cylinder.

The eighth difference is that TE with the electrode system is made in the form of a spiral twisted from the bottom up.

The ninth difference is that its metal walls are double, and the space between them is filled with elastic material, such as rubber or polyurethane.

The tenth difference is that the pulsed energy is supplied to the inner housing TE, isolated from the outer housing, so that the discharge current passes between the electrodes and the inner housing or an additional electrode in contact with the inner housing.

The eleventh difference is that the working fluid is supplied to TE periodically, circulating both in the forward direction, which coincides with the movement of the processed material, and vice versa.

The twelfth difference is that the electrodes create an additional flow of working fluid through the pump system.

The thirteenth difference is that TE is located in a trench deep in the floor of the workshop and soundproofed, for example, from an elastic or porous material.

The fourteenth difference is that the treated material is unloaded by means of rollers that simultaneously squeeze water from the material.

The fifteenth difference is that the electrode system consists of the main working, auxiliary and common electrodes, and these electrodes are powered from two separate pulse generators, one of which contains a pulsed controlled voltage source, supplying an sharpening switch, supplying a pulse to the auxiliary electrode, and the second is a pulsed source that directly charges the main working capacity to a voltage lower than the breakdown voltage.

Preferred Embodiments

Possible embodiments of the invention are illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows two projections of the TE design onto 16 electrodes, which are located at an angle of less than 90 ° to the axis of the bathtub, with vertices pointing in one direction.

Figure 2 shows a relatively simple two-electrode bath design, where adjacent electrodes are located at an angle of less than 90 ° to the axis of the bath, with vertices tangentially directed to the walls of TE in opposite directions.

Figure 3 shows the design of the bath with an electrode system that provides, along with longitudinal advancement, also the rotational movement of the processed material.

Figure 4 shows the design of the bath with unloading and extraction of the processed material by means of rolls.

5 shows a process tank mounted vertically.

Figure 6 shows the design of removable disk-cylinder electrodes with a discharge gap parallel to the axis.

7 shows the design of removable disc-cylinder electrodes with a discharge gap perpendicular to the axis.

On Fig shows a schematic diagram of the power supply of the TE electrodes from two pulse generators.

The design of TE located on an elastic base 1 with an electrode system 3 ensures the advancement of the processed material (shown in Fig. 1 by arrow 6) in the direction from the loading hatch 4 to the discharge site 5. This is due to the action of the shock wave of the discharge and the subsequent movement fluid - hydroflow. The use of hydroflow energy significantly increases the efficiency of the installation.

In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the electrodes on opposite side surfaces of the bathtub are shifted relative to each other by one step, providing the average speed of movement of the processed mass of material necessary to ensure the technological process. Unloading of the processed material at the end of the pipe can be performed continuously depending on the intensity of the process either due to the excess pressure created by the total action of the electrode systems with the ejection of the material onto the squeezing devices - rolls, a centrifuge (as in Fig. 4), or through the hatch 5, for example, vacuum pump.

In the embodiment with two-electrode system shown in figure 2, the electrodes for better mixing of the processed material are mounted tangentially to the walls of the bath, which contributes to the circular movement of the material in the volume of the bath and more uniform processing.

In the embodiment with the multi-electrode system shown in FIG. 3, the electrodes 3 for better mixing and more uniform processing of the material are installed in such a way that, along with its progressive movement towards the discharge chamber, the circular movement of the processed material is simultaneously ensured. At the same time, constant mixing of the material occurs along the entire length of TE, which increases the uniformity of the mass and prevents the presence of untreated volumes of material. Figure 3 shows a horizontal-vertical version of TE. The treated material is unloaded at the end part of TE due to gravity periodically as it accumulates when the gate (damper) is opened 7. Unloading with the TE variant installed vertically can be performed in the same way (Fig. 5).

In the embodiment with the multi-electrode system shown in FIG. 4, the process of unloading and squeezing the processed material by means of rollers 5 is provided, which can have spikes or other grips that capture the processed material accumulated at the end of TE.

The technological device can be made with TE mounted on the supports 14 in such a way that its axis is directed vertically (Fig. 5), and the electrodes are arranged so that the predominant propagation of the shock wave occurs upward (the axis of the electrodes are located at an angle of less than 90 ° to the axis of the bath , with vertices pointing to the top of TE). In this case, the loading of material can be made from above. In such a TE, the mass of material is maintained during processing in suspension, while mixing, due to the shock wave arising from the discharge between the electrodes. The process of unloading the processed material is greatly simplified, because provided by gravity when opening the shutter 13 in the lower part (end) of the TE.

Technological capacity to increase the processing volume in a single element can be made in the form of a spiral, twisted from bottom to top, and with an electrode system uniformly located along its generatrix. The mass of material is then slowly lowered to the discharge opening.

Electrodes of the "disk-cylinder" type 7 and 8 (Fig.6 and 7) with a discharge gap parallel to the axis, shown in Fig.5, are made in the "pockets" TE, where the generation of the shock wave TE and the electrode system does not interfere with the passage of mass material along the entire length of the pipe. The electrodes, fastened by means of flange connections 11 to the TE nozzles, provide the possibility of quick replacement. To reduce the noise from the shock wave and to reduce its effect on TE, cylindrical inserts 9 and 10 of elastic material are used.

Figure 7 shows the design of removable disk-cylinder electrodes with a discharge gap perpendicular to the axis, and channel 12 is made in one of the electrodes, through which a working fluid is supplied, squeezing the processed material from the interelectrode gap when the working pulses are set by a computer that controls the speed of movement masses along with the shock wave and hydroflow.

The electrode system is powered by pulse generators controlled by a computer according to a program that provides the required mode. In this case, the feed rate of the material can be controlled both by changing the frequency of the current pulses supplied to the TE working electrodes, and by skipping the supply of pulses, or by supplying pulses to the electrodes turned to the input (the electrodes are also at sharp angles to the axis of the bath, but with vertices pointing in the opposite direction) and creating a momentum of movement directed in the opposite direction from the discharge hole. The same is the change in the pressure of the water pumped through the pipe, and its direction.

To increase the reliability of the device due to the very large shock loads on its components, including the housing, electrodes, foundation, all of them must be protected by shock absorbers made of elastic materials. Therefore, the casing 2 is installed on the shock absorber 1. In addition, to ensure environmental friendliness, it is important to reduce the levels of sound shock waves, for which the metal walls of the casing are double, and the space between them is filled with elastic material, such as rubber or polyurethane, and TE can be located in a deepened trench into the floor of the workshop and having sound insulation from the sides and from above, also from elastic or porous material.

In this case, pulsed energy is supplied to the inner housing TE, isolated from the outer housing, and the discharge current will pass between the electrodes and the inner housing or an additional electrode having contact with the inner housing. Such insulation of the case provides a reduction in the electrical hazard of the device from the surge voltage arising on it, in addition, the design of the electrodes is simplified, because discharge may occur from the high voltage electrode to the housing.

The electrode system may consist of auxiliary (CE) and main working (RE) electrodes (Fig. 8), the discharge current of which flows to the third, common (O), for example, a grounded electrode. Power supply for RE and RE is carried out from two separate pulsed controlled generators - auxiliary IG1 and main IG2, respectively, with energy determined by the voltage of switching power supplies AI1 and II2 and capacitive storage devices C1 and C2. Generator IG1 consists of AI1, charging drive C1, switched by switch K.

A feature of this circuit is that with IG1, a voltage greater than the breakdown voltage is supplied to the VE-O gap through switch K, while the main working capacitance C2 is charged with significantly higher energy, determined by the voltage of the AI2 source and the value of the capacitance C2, to the voltage of the AI2 source with value less than the breakdown voltage of the RE-O gap. Moreover, in order to reduce charge leakage, C2 is charged with one or several pulses in a time ahead of the breakdown time of the VE-O gap for no more than 1 ms.

At the first moment, a pulse with IG1, synchronized by the control system of the installation, with a voltage higher than the breakdown value of the interelectrode gap VE-O is supplied to the VE through switch K. After the breakdown of the VE-O gap, the RE-O gap breakdown occurs, located near the VE-gap breakdown channel ABOUT.

Such a scheme makes it possible to significantly increase the lifetime of the installation (due to a significant decrease in the charge switched through K) and, at the same time, to obtain a short front of the shock pulse, and thereby increase the lifetime of the installation and reduce the power consumption.

Claims (15)

1. Technological device for electrohydropulse exposure to materials, comprising a casing forming a technological capacity (TE) filled with liquid, an explosive chamber, an electric discharge source installed in the chamber, a discharge mechanism for the processed material, characterized in that the casing is made in the form of a pipe, the explosive chamber is formed the electrode system of the source of electric discharges and the housing, consists of one or more electrodes powered by controlled pulse generators by means of feeder devices TV, while the axis of the electrodes are located at an angle of less than 90 ° to the axis of the bathtub with vertices directed towards the discharge side. 2. The technological device according to claim 1, characterized in that the loading of the processed material and the unloading of the processed material occurs on opposite sides of the pipe. 3. The technological device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes are located along its length both on the side surfaces, as well as above and below, along its entire perimeter, for example, on a generatrix representing a helical line with a step exceeding the interelectrode discharge distance more than 2 times, or at different heights TE. 4. The technological device according to claim 1, characterized in that, along with the electrodes located on the side surfaces at an angle of less than 90 ° to the TE axis, with vertices pointing in one direction, the electrodes are also installed at sharp angles to the TE axis but with vertices pointing in the opposite direction. 5. The technological device according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the electrodes are located around the perimeter of the TE so that their axes are parallel to the tangent walls of the TE. 6. The technological device according to claim 1, characterized in that the technological capacity is installed in such a way that its axis is directed vertically and the electrodes are arranged so that the predominant propagation of the shock wave occurs upward at an angle of less than 90 ° to the TE axis. 7. The technological device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrodes are made in the form of replaceable elements with a discharge gap disk-cylinder. 8. The technological device according to claim 1, characterized in that the technological capacity with the electrode system is made in the form of a spiral twisted from bottom to top. 9. The technological device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal walls of the technological vessel are double, and the space between them is filled with elastic material, for example rubber or polyurethane. 10. The technological device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 6-9, characterized in that the pulsed energy is supplied to the inner housing TE, isolated from the outer housing, so that the discharge current passes between the electrodes and the inner housing or an additional electrode having a contact with inner case. 11. The technological device according to claim 1, characterized in that the working fluid is supplied to TE periodically, circulating both in the forward direction, coinciding with the movement of the processed material, and vice versa. 12. Technological device according to any one of claims 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, characterized in that the electrodes through the pump system creates an additional flow of working fluid. 13. The technological device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is located in a trench, recessed into the floor of the workshop and having sound insulation, for example, from an elastic or porous material. 14. The technological device according to claim 1, characterized in that the discharge of the processed material is carried out by means of rolls, simultaneously squeezing water from the material. 15. Technological device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, 6-8, characterized in that the electrode system consists of a main working and auxiliary electrode, the power of these electrodes being produced from two separate pulse generators, one of which contains a pulse controlled voltage source feeding the sharpening switch, supplying a pulse to the auxiliary electrode, and the second - directly charging the main working capacity to a voltage lower than the breakdown voltage.

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