RU2345342C1 - Device of installation and neutralisation of momentary disbalance oblique to plane of gyration of disk - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics, trials.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns the exploring technics and can be used for equilibration of the rigid curls containing, in particular, oblique to a plane of gyration disks. Device includes devices of installation and cross fixing on the base plug of spindle of the machine tool of an oblique disk and counterpoising device from pair of skew washers with the direct outside end faces, adjoining to disk from opposite sides. The oblique disk has coaxial concerning a spin axis a landing hole and is erected on an outside cylindrical surface of the base plug. On its both legs on the same surface skew washers of a counterpoising device are disposed. Thus the relative positioning of the skew washers, turned one concerning another on a corner 180°, is provided by means of the fixing pins disposed in radial holes of the base plug and entering acting sites in dilatational grooves of skew washers, executed from their landing holes. On the base plug from a landing cylindrical surface the skew ring groove symmetrised concerning a median plane of an oblique disk is executed. In the offered device radius of an outside surface of skew washers of a counterpoising device spot with use of the dependence leaking from a requirement of dynamic steadiness of a rotor knot. Counterpoising influence of a skew ring groove of the base plug is thus considered.

EFFECT: improvement of quality of makingup of knot of fastening of oblique disk and its steadiness, improvement of adaptability to manufacture of construction and expansion of possibilities of momentary disbalance neutralisation.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to means for installing and balancing hard-rotors structurally inhomogeneous in material, containing disks inclined to the plane of rotation, which are used, in particular, in mechanical engineering for processing surfaces of products with an inclined abrasive tool.

Known devices for installing and balancing a structurally inhomogeneous hard rotor with an inclined disk [1], [2], in which to compensate for the momentary imbalance of the inclined disk, a balancing element is used from a pair of oblique washers of the same design adjacent to the disk from opposite sides. The oblique washers of the balancing element are rotated one relative to the other by an angle of 180 ° and have straight outer ends perpendicular to the axis of rotation.

The computational and analytical dependencies used at the rotor design stage to determine the geometric parameters of the oblique washers needed to balance the moment of inertia of the inclined disk depend largely on the design features of the mount of the inclined disk. They have the simplest form in [1]. In this device, the bore of the inclined disk is made coaxial with the axis of rotation, which simplifies the design dependencies, but the manufacture of a disk with such a hole requires additional material costs.

In [2], inclined disks of standard shape are used, which are mounted on the inner annular protrusions of the oblique washers of the balancing element. Moreover, the axis of the cylindrical surface of these protrusions is inclined to the axis of the spindle of the machine at an angle equal to the angle of inclination of the disk to the plane of rotation.

The disadvantage of this option is more complicated than in [1], the shape of the oblique washers.

The choice of this or that device for installing an inclined disk is determined both by the purpose of the design and the scale of technological production for the manufacture of engineering products.

Option [1] is mainly applicable for installing inclined grinding wheels with a relatively small external diameter, for example, used for internal grinding.

Option [2] it is advisable to use for mounting an abrasive tool with a relatively large outer diameter used for external grinding.

Both devices and methods of their implementation [1] and [2] have a common disadvantage in that they do not provide for mutual fixation of the oblique washers of the balancing element, as a result of which relative assembly of the washers during assembly is possible, leading to an error in balancing the structure, and to ensure the necessary relative positioning of the oblique washers requires a certain amount of time.

In addition, which is especially important in the context of large-scale production of products, with long-term operation of the abrasive tool, its wear on its outer surface is noticeable, leading to the occurrence of momentary unbalance of a pre-balanced design.

In order to be able to compensate for the resulting momentary imbalance due to wear of the peripheral layers of the abrasive tool, the oblique washers of the balancing element must be quick-detachable and sufficiently technological to manufacture. The device [2] in this regard has limited capabilities due to the complexity of the designs of oblique washers.

Also known are devices for attaching abrasive wheels [3] using adapter flanges. These devices are used to install direct-shaped grinding wheels perpendicular to the axis of rotation. There is no momentary imbalance in this case, and therefore, the use of balancing elements is not necessary. However, the fastening elements of these circles may be of interest in the case of the use of inclined circles.

In the latter case, when designing the attachment point of the inclined disk, to ensure the balance of the structure, it is necessary to use the appropriate analytical and analytical dependencies, with the help of which the dimensions of the oblique washers of the balancing element are determined.

According to the structure of the used calculation and analytical dependencies and the shape of the bore of the inclined disk, the closest to the proposed device and method of balancing a structurally inhomogeneous hard rotor with an inclined disk [1], the disadvantages of which are indicated above.

The claimed invention solves the problem of improving the quality of the assembly of the attachment point of the inclined disk and its balance, improving the manufacturability of the structure and expanding the possibilities of compensating for the momentary imbalance arising from the wear of the peripheral layers of the inclined disk.

This is achieved by the fact that in the device for installing and compensating for the momentary imbalance of a disk inclined to the plane of rotation, including an inclined disk with a mounting hole coaxial with respect to the axis of rotation, disk installation elements on a machine spindle base sleeve, a balancing element of a pair of oblique washers of identical design with straight outer ends adjacent to the disk from opposite sides, the momentary unbalance of which is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign of the momentary unbalance of the dis ka in accordance with the condition of dynamic balance:

where J _yz is the centrifugal moment of inertia of the attachment point of the inclined disk,

- respectively, the centrifugal moments of inertia of the inclined disk (I) and two oblique washers (II) relative to the perpendicular axes y, z, of which the z axis is the axis of rotation;

r is the outer radius of the disk;

s is the disk size along the axis of rotation z;

r ₀ is the radius of the mounting hole of the disk;

r ₁ is the outer radius of the oblique washers;

β is the angle of inclination of the disk to the plane of rotation;

- соответственно плотности материалов диска и косых шайб;

- respectively, the density of the materials of the disk and oblique washers;

k ₀ = r ₀ / r; k ₀₁ = r ₀ / r ₁ - dimensionless parameters,

the base spindle of the machine spindle from the side of the outer seating surface is provided with an oblique annular groove symmetrically located relative to the median plane of the inclined disk, as a result of which the condition of dynamic balance J _yz = 0 takes the form:

и

определяют по формулам (2), (3),

- слагаемое, отражающее влияние косого кольцевого паза базовой втулки на центробежный момент инерции J_yz узла крепления наклонного диска:Where

and

determined by the formulas (2), (3),

- the term reflecting the influence of the oblique annular groove of the base sleeve on the centrifugal moment of inertia J _{yz of} the attachment point of the inclined disk:

where Δ is the width of the oblique groove; k ₀₃ = r _* / r ₀ is a dimensionless parameter equal to the ratio of the inner (r _* ) and outer (r ₀ ) radii of the oblique annular groove;

- плотность материала базовой втулки, а наружный радиус r₁ косых шайб уравновешивающего элемента определяют по формуле, вытекающей из условия (4) с учетом зависимостей (2), (3), (5):

- the density of the material of the base sleeve, and the outer radius r _{1 of the} oblique washers of the balancing element is determined by the formula arising from condition (4) taking into account dependencies (2), (3), (5):

;

.where h is the thickness of the inclined disk;

;

.

In addition, the base sleeve is equipped with two radially oriented locking pins, one of which, located on the side of the thrust collar of the base sleeve, is pressed into the body of the sleeve, and the second, closest to the end of the spindle, freely enters the sleeve bore, and the axis of the pins lie in common the plane passing through the axis of the spindle of the machine, and are located on diametrically opposite sides relative to the center of the inclined disk.

At the same time, each oblique washer of the balancing element has a longitudinal groove on the side of the mounting hole, and the end section of the corresponding fixing pin protruding from the body of the base sleeve freely enters into each of the grooves, thereby providing the necessary relative positioning of the oblique washers.

With radial wear of the outer layers of the inclined disk by a specified value, the oblique washers of the balancing element are replaced with new ones, the outer radius r _{1 of} which is determined by the formula (6) for the new value of the outer radius r of the inclined disk:

where r _max is the maximum (initial) value of the radius r,

n is the accepted number of steps for correcting momentary imbalance due to radial wear of the inclined disk,

Δr is the permissible value of radial wear for one step of adjustment,

and the number of sets of balancing elements (m) is determined according to the dependence:

The mutual pressing of the contacting surfaces of the inclined disk and the oblique washers of the balancing element is provided either by a threaded connection, represented by two nuts, screwed onto the threaded section of the base sleeve so that one of the nuts rests on the outer end of the end oblique washer and when the connection is tightened, the assembled assembly is pressed against the surface of the thrust the flange of the base sleeve, and the second nut and the lock washer located between the nuts are used to lock the connection, or by means of a clamping flange, bent on the annular protrusion of the base sleeve, threaded rods screwed into the end of the base sleeve and included in the holes of the clamping flange, and nuts screwed on the protruding ends of the studs, when tightened, the clamping flange resting on the end oblique washer causes the assembly to be pressed against the surface of the thrust flange of the base sleeve.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 and figure 2 presents the design of the node of the rigid rotor, which implements the proposed device for installation and compensation of momentary imbalance inclined to the plane of rotation of the disk.

The design shown in figure 1, contains an inclined disk 1, a balancing element of two oblique washers 2 and 3, placed on the base sleeve 4 of the spindle 5 of the machine on both sides of the disk 1.

In the radial holes of the sleeve 4, fixing pins 6 and 7 are installed, the protruding sections of which are included in the longitudinal grooves made in oblique washers. In this case, the pin 6 is pressed into the body of the sleeve 4, and the pin 7 enters freely into the hole of the base sleeve 4. After tightening, the nuts 8, 9 and the lock washer 10 tightly press the contact surfaces of the oblique washers against the end planes of the inclined disk 1, and the nut 11 and washers 12, 13 are used to fix the base sleeve 4 on the spindle 5. In this case, the outer surface A of the oblique washers is aligned with the z axis of the machine spindle, and their end plane B is perpendicular to this axis. The outer cylindrical surface B of the base sleeve, which is the seating surface for the disk 1, is aligned with the z axis.

The designations of geometric parameters indicated in Fig. 1 are identical to the designations adopted in formulas (1) ÷ (6).

The coordinate systems Oxyz and Ox ₁ y ₁ z ₁ are used to derive the indicated calculated and analytical dependences. In Fig. 1, the axes Ox ₁ and Ox are aligned and perpendicular to the plane of the drawing (plane of symmetry). The Ox ₁ y ₁ z ₁ system is rotated relative to the Oxyz system by an angle β equal to the angle of inclination of the disk 1 to the plane of rotation perpendicular to the z axis.

The design shown in FIG. 2 differs from the design in FIG. 1 only in the embodiment of a threaded connection providing pressing of the contacting surfaces.

Instead of nuts 8, 9, screwed onto the threaded section of the base sleeve 4 (Fig. 1), a clamping flange 8 (Fig. 2) is used, mounted on the annular collar of the base sleeve 4, studs 9, screwed into the end face of the base sleeve 4 and entering the holes flange 8, and nuts 10, screwed onto the protruding ends of the studs 9, placed around the circumference of the flange 9. When tightening the nuts 10 through the flange 8, the assembled block of the inclined disk 1 and oblique washers 2, 3 (figure 2) is pressed against the thrust collar of the base sleeves 4, while ensuring tight pressing of all contacting surfaces rhnostey.

The designations of all geometric parameters indicated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are identical.

The device is implemented in the following sequence.

At the design stage of the mounting unit of the disk 1 determine the necessary values of the geometric parameters, some of which are set for structural and technological reasons: r, h, β, Δ, r ₀ , s ₁ (figure 1 or figure 2). The parameters µ and µ _* included in formula (6) should be determined experimentally, taking into account the properties of the materials used.

Following this, by the formula (6) find the necessary value of r ₁ (the outer radius of the oblique washers). At the same time, they ensure complete momentary balance of the designed unit for the adopted value of r (the outer radius of the disk 1). Having taken the value Δr of radial wear for one set of balancing element for reasons of permissible imbalance and given the permissible minimum value (r _min ) of the outer radius of the disk 1, determine the required number of sets of oblique washers using formula (8) for the adopted number n of steps for correcting momentary imbalance.

The sequence of calculation is illustrated by an example.

Let you want to determine the values of the radius r ₁ and the number of sets of balancing elements with the following initial data (figure 1):

r = 20 cm; r ₀ = 6.35 cm; h = 8 cm; β = 4 °; Δ / h = 0.4; r _* = 5 cm; µ = 0.323; µ _* = 1; Δr = 1.5 cm; r _min ≈11 cm

.In accordance with dependence (7), we accept the number of steps for correcting momentary imbalance:

.

Then, according to (8), the number of sets of balancing elements will be:

m = n + 1 = 7.

Having taken m = 7, we calculate by formula (6) the necessary values of r ₁ for the corresponding values of r given in table 1.

Table 1 Interdependent values of r and r ₁ n 0 one 2 3 four 5 6 r = r _max -n · Δr, mm 200 185 170 155 140 125 110 r ₁ mm 150.8 139.5 128.2 116.9 105.5 94.2 82.9

When the values of r and the corresponding values of r ₁ provides complete balance of the rotor node.

At intermediate values of r, momentary imbalance takes place. However, its effect due to the use of stepwise adjustment will be significantly reduced.

After manufacturing all the necessary structural elements, it is assembled.

On the spindle 5 (Fig. 1 or Fig. 2) of the machine, the base sleeve 4 is installed and fixed, the pin 6 is pre-pressed into the socket thereof. Then, the oblique washer 3 is mounted so that the pin 6 with its protruding part fits into the longitudinal groove of the washer 3, and install inclined disk 1. Subsequently, a second pin 7 is inserted into the radial hole of the sleeve 4 and the front oblique washer 2 is mounted, the protruding part of the pin 7 will enter the groove of it. The nut 8 is screwed onto the threaded section of the sleeve 4 (Fig. 1), and a lock washer 10 is installed screw the second nut 9 and with they ax the connection by bending the petals of the washer into the grooves of the nuts 8 and 9. In the second embodiment (Fig. 2), the flanges 8 are installed on the studs 9 screwed into the end of the base sleeve 4, the nuts 10 are screwed in and the connection is tightened.

When reducing the outer diameter of the disk 1 to a certain value specified in table 1, the machine is stopped, the nuts 8 and 9 (Fig. 1) are released from locking, they are unscrewed, the washer 2 is removed, the embedded pin 7 is removed, the disk 1 and the washer 3 are removed. Then reassemble the partially worn disk 1 with a new set of balancing element. For the design embodiment of FIG. 2, these steps are similar.

To increase labor productivity, it is also possible to use several sets of attachment points assembled on their base bushings with different diameters of the circle 1 and oblique washers 2, 3. In this case, assembly operations are carried out using the nut 11.

The proposed design of the mount unit of the inclined disk is quite technologically advanced to manufacture and easy to maintain, which indicates the possibility of their widespread use in the technological practice of machine-building industries.

Information sources

1. RF patent RU 2153154 C1, cl. G01M 1/38, 07.20.2000. Bull. No. 20.

2. RF patent RU 2288455 C1, cl. G01M 1/38, 11/27/2006. Bull. No. 33.

3. Processing of metals by cutting: Handbook technologist / A.A. Panov, V.V. Anikin, N.G. Boym and others. Under the general. ed. A.A. Panova. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1988. - S.378-403.

Claims (5)

1. A device for installing and compensating for the momentary imbalance of a disk inclined to the plane of rotation, including an inclined disk with a mounting hole coaxial with respect to the axis of rotation, disk mounting elements on the base spindle of the machine, a balancing element of a pair of oblique washers of identical design with straight outer ends adjacent to the disk from opposite sides, the momentary unbalance of which is equal in magnitude and opposite in sign of the momentary unbalance of the disk in accordance with the condition iem dynamic balance:

where J _yz is the centrifugal moment of inertia of the attachment point of the inclined disk,

- respectively, the centrifugal moments of inertia of the inclined disk (I) and two oblique washers (II) relative to the perpendicular axes y, z, of which the z axis is the axis of rotation;
k is the outer radius of the disk;
s is the disk size along the axis of rotation z;
r ₀ is the radius of the mounting hole of the disk;
r ₁ is the outer radius of the oblique washers;
β is the angle of inclination of the disk to the plane of rotation;

- respectively, the density of the materials of the disk and oblique washers;
k ₀ = r ₀ / r; k ₀₁ = r ₀ / r ₁ - dimensionless parameters,
characterized in that the base spindle of the machine from the side of the outer seating surface is provided with an oblique annular groove symmetrically located relative to the middle plane of the inclined disk, as a result of which the condition of dynamic balance J _yz = 0 takes the form:

where J ^I _yz and J ^II _{yz are} determined by formulas (2), (3),
J ^Δ _yz - the term reflecting the influence of the oblique annular groove of the base sleeve on the centrifugal moment of inertia J _{yz of} the attachment point of the inclined disk:

where Δ is the width of the oblique groove;
k ₀₃ = r _* / r ₀ is a dimensionless parameter equal to the ratio of the inner (r _* ) and outer (r ₀ ) radii of the oblique annular groove;

- the density of the material of the base sleeve,
and the outer radius r _{1 of the} oblique washers of the balancing element is determined by the formula following from condition (4), taking into account the dependencies (2), (3), (5):

where h is the thickness of the inclined disk;

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the base sleeve is provided with two radially oriented fixing pins, one of which, located on the side of the thrust collar of the base sleeve, is pressed into the body of the sleeve, and the second, closest to the end of the spindle, enters the radial hole bushings freely, and the axis of the pins lie in a common plane passing through the axis of the spindle of the machine, and are located on diametrically opposite sides relative to the center of the inclined disk. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that each oblique washer of the balancing element from the side of the mounting hole has a longitudinal groove, and an end section of the corresponding fixing pin protruding from the body of the base sleeve freely enters into each of the grooves, thereby providing the necessary relative positioning of the oblique washers. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that during radial wear of the outer layers of the inclined disk by a predetermined amount, the oblique washers of the balancing element are replaced with new ones, the outer radius r _{1 of} which is determined by formula (6) for the new value of the outer radius r of the inclined disk:

where r _max is the maximum (initial) value of the radius r,
n is the accepted number of steps for correcting momentary imbalance due to radial wear of the inclined disk,
Δr is the permissible value of radial wear for one step of adjustment,
and the number of sets of balancing elements (m) is determined according to the dependence:

5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mutual pressing of the contact surfaces of the inclined disk and the oblique washers of the balancing element is provided either with a threaded connection, represented by two nuts screwed onto the threaded section of the base sleeve so that one of the nuts rests on the outer end of the end oblique washers and when tightening the connection, it presses the assembled assembly to the surface of the thrust collar of the base sleeve, and the second nut and the lock washer placed between the nuts are used to lock the connection, because by means of a clamping flange located on the annular protrusion of the base sleeve, threaded rods screwed into the end of the base sleeve and entering the holes of the clamping flange, and nuts screwed onto the protruding ends of the studs, when tightened, the clamping flange resting on the end of the oblique washer causes pressure assembled node to the surface of the thrust flange of the base sleeve.

Images