RU2345259C1 - Conrod-free mechanism for transformation of reciprocal motion into rotary one - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention is related to plunger machines and may be used for transformation of plunger reciprocal motion into rotary one. Conrod-free mechanism for transformation of reciprocal motion into rotary one comprises body with guides for sliders, crankshaft, main journal axis of which is installed in body perpendicular to slider guides, sliders having cylindrical holes for interaction with crankshaft and internal gear set. Number of gear teeth is twice less than number of internal row teeth, and initial diameter of gear is twice more than eccentricity of crankshaft journals. Eccentric journals of crankshaft are arranged in the form of gears with external toothing, and cylindrical holes of sliders are arranged as gear rows with internal teeth that are engaged with crankshaft gears. In free space between gear and gear row of crankshaft and slider, system of rolling elements is installed that constantly presses them.

EFFECT: improvement of plunger machine integration characteristics, reduction of body dimensions, maximum approach of cylinders to shaft and achievement of main links balance.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to reciprocating machines and can be used to convert reciprocating pistons into rotational motion of the crankshaft and vice versa of internal combustion engines, compressors and pumps.

Known rodless mechanism (Balandin S.S. Rodless piston internal combustion engines. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1968, p.14 fig. 11a., A.s.118471 USSR), containing a housing, a crank shaft mounted on it with its own necks, a “planetary” crankshaft with a shoulder of eccentric necks equal to the crank arm, sliders made in the form of two pistons united by a common rod, which in its middle part is pivotally connected to the corresponding connecting rod neck of the crankshaft. Moreover, the axis of the hinge of the slider moves in a plane passing through the axis of the main necks of the crank shaft. The crank shaft consists of two cranks, the coordinated rotation of which is ensured by the presence of a synchronizing shaft, connected to each of the cranks with the same gear. The disadvantages of this device: 1) the presence of a crank shaft with one knee causes a significant imbalance in the system, the compensation of which requires massive counterweights that make the structure heavier; 2) the presence of a connecting synchronizing shaft with gears complicates the design of the mechanism; 3) the mandatory requirement of twin pistons limits the layout of the device.

In another version of the rodless mechanism (Balandin S.S. Rodless piston internal combustion engines. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 1968, p.14 fig. 11c) the “planetary” crankshaft is replaced by a “planetary” eccentric block. This made it possible to make the crank shaft in the form of a single link and exclude the synchronizing shaft with gears, but required an increase in the diameters of the hinges connecting the eccentric necks of the planetary block with the sliders. Moreover, these hinges must inevitably be made in the form of rolling bearings.

In the rodless mechanism (Balandin S.S. Rodless piston internal combustion engines. - M .: Mashinostroenie, 1968, p.14 fig. 11b) the crank shaft is made of two halves, which are connected not by a special connecting shaft, but mounted on them gears interacting with internal gear rims made on the mechanism body, having twice as many teeth as these gears. Unlike the previous one, this device does not require the presence of dual pistons.

Closest to the proposed device is a rodless mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into a rotary piston machine (A.s.2107204 RF), comprising a housing, sliders made in the form of twin, opposed pistons with a common rod, a crank shaft, the axis of the main necks which is perpendicular to the line of movement of the sliders, the “planetary” eccentric block mounted on it, whose eccentric necks are pivotally connected to the sliders by means of rolling bearings. Moreover, the axis of the hinges of the sliders move in a plane passing through the axis of the main necks of the crank shaft. The arm of the crank shaft is equal to the eccentricity of the necks of the "planetary" eccentric block. A "planetary" eccentric block is connected to the housing by a gear transmission, the gear of which is fixed to the block, and a wheel with internal teeth having twice as many teeth is installed in the housing. The presence of a gear makes the execution of dual pistons optional. The disadvantage of this mechanism is that the presence of a crank shaft with one knee causes a significant imbalance in the system, the compensation of which requires massive counterweights that make the structure heavier. In addition, the design is complicated by the presence of a non-technological “planetary” eccentric block.

To eliminate these drawbacks in a rodless mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotary, containing a housing with slide rails, a crankshaft, the axis of the main necks of which is located perpendicular to the slide rails in the housing, sliders having cylindrical openings for interaction with the crankshaft, the axes of which parallel to the axis of the main journals of the crankshaft and moving in the plane passing through this axis, internal gearing, number of gear teeth the swarm is half the number of teeth of the inner rim, the eccentric necks of the crankshaft are made in the form of gears with external teeth, the cylindrical holes of the sliders are made in the form of gears with internal teeth, which mesh with the gears of the crankshaft, in the free space between the gear and the gears of the hole the slider placed a system of rolling bodies, ensuring their constant pressure.

The combination of these circumstances leads to the fact that in the organization of plane-parallel movement of the slider does not require a second slider located in a perpendicular plane. This makes it possible to perform the crankshaft not only in the form of a crank shaft with one elbow, but also with any arrangement of eccentric necks, including with a symmetrical one. Due to this, the main component of the imbalance of the mechanism is eliminated. In addition, a non-technological link is eliminated - the eccentric block and needle bearings in the joints connecting it to the slider.

To simplify the working conditions of the gear transmission, the eccentric necks of the crankshaft and the holes of the sliders, in addition to involute spur gears, contain raceways that have diameters close to or equal to the diameters of the corresponding initial circumferences of the gears.

In one constructive variant of the proposed device, the system of rolling bodies contains three intermediate gear wheels, which also have supporting raceways: one is central, interacting with the gear, and two are peripheral, interacting with the gear rim of the slider’s hole and the central intermediate rolling body.

In another constructive version of the rod-free mechanism, the rolling body system contains three intermediate rollers: one is the central one interacting with the support tracks of the gear, and two are peripheral interacting with the support tracks of the slide holes and the central intermediate roller, as well as a leash pivotally connected to the axes of the peripheral bodies rolling and fixing the distance between them.

To increase the number of pistons of the rod-free mechanism, the sliders are made in the form of twin opposed pistons connected by a common rod and have a star-shaped arrangement symmetrical about the axis of the crankshaft.

To use the rodless mechanism in engines with in-line cylinders, all the sliders are located in the same plane passing through the axis of the crankshaft.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the rodless mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational with a star-shaped arrangement of sliders, symmetrically with respect to the axis of the crankshaft; figure 2 is a section along aa; figure 3 shows a General view of the rodless mechanism with the location of all the sliders in one plane passing through the axis of the crankshaft; figure 4 is a section along BB.

The rod-free mechanism for converting the reciprocating motion into rotational, shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, comprises a housing 1 with guides 2 for sliders, a crankshaft 3, the axis 4 of the main necks of which is located perpendicular to the guides 2 of the sliders, sliders 5 having for interaction with the crankshaft 3, cylindrical holes 6, the axes of which are parallel to the axis 4 of the main necks of the crankshaft 3 and move in a plane passing through this axis. The eccentric necks 7 of the crankshaft 3 are made in the form of gears 8 with external teeth, and the cylindrical holes 6 of the sliders 5 are made in the form of gears 9 with internal teeth, which are meshed with gears 8 of the crankshaft 3. The number of teeth of gear 8 is half the number of teeth the inner rim 9, and the initial diameter of the gear 8 is twice the eccentricity of the necks 7 of the crankshaft 3. In the free space between the gear 8 and the gear rim 9 of the hole 6 of the slider 5, a system of rolling bodies is provided to ensure a constant tooth pinching. The eccentric necks 7 of the crankshaft 3 and the openings 6 of the sliders 5, in addition to involute spur gears, contain raceways K and L having diameters close to or equal to the diameters of the respective initial circumferences of the gears. In this case, the rolling body system contains three intermediate smooth rollers: one 10 is the central one interacting with the support tracks of the gear 8, and two 11 are peripheral interacting with the support tracks of the holes 6 of the slide 5 and the central intermediate roller 10, as well as the leash 12, pivotally connected with the axes 13 of the peripheral rolling elements using nuts 14 and a fixing distance between them. The sliders 5 are made in the form of twin opposed pistons 15 connected by a common rod, and have a star-shaped arrangement symmetrical about the axis 4 of the crankshaft 3.

The rodless mechanism works as follows. When the crankshaft 3 is rotated, the gear 8, fixed on its eccentric necks 7, is run along the reference raceways and the ring gear 9 with the internal teeth of the cylindrical hole 6. The rolling body system, consisting of three smooth rollers located between the eccentric neck 7 and the hole 6, serves to constantly press the teeth of the gears 8 and the crown 9. In this case, the sliders 5, made in the form of double opposed pistons 15 and connecting the rod, make a reciprocating motion.

The rod-free mechanism shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 differs from the previous one in that the rolling body system contains three intermediate gear wheels, which also have supporting raceways: one 16 is central, interacting with gear 8, and two 17 are peripheral interacting with gear the crown 9 of the hole 6 of the slider 5 and the Central intermediate rolling body 16. In this case, the axis of the holes 6 of all the sliders 5 are located in the same plane passing through the axis 4 of the crankshaft 3.

The operation of this device is carried out similarly, but the sliders 5 make a vertical movement in one plane passing through the axis 4 of the crankshaft 3.

The proposed device can improve the layout conditions of the piston machine, reduce the size of the housing, bring the cylinders as close as possible to the shaft, thereby reducing the transverse dimensions of the machine. There is the possibility of increasing the power of the machine by increasing the number of cylinders on the crankshaft. In addition, compared with the prototype, the advantage of the proposed mechanism is the balance of its main links and simplicity of design.

Claims (6)

1. A rod-free mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotary, comprising a housing with guides for sliders, a crankshaft, the axis of the main necks of which is located in the housing perpendicular to the guides of the sliders, sliders having cylindrical openings for interaction with the crankshaft whose axes are parallel to the axis of the main the necks of the crankshaft and move in the plane passing through this axis, the internal gear gear, the number of gear teeth of which is half the number of teeth inside the crown, and the initial diameter of the gear is twice the eccentricity of the necks of the crankshaft, characterized in that the eccentric necks of the crankshaft are made in the form of gears with external teeth, and the cylindrical holes of the sliders are made in the form of gear rims with internal teeth that are meshed with the gears of the crankshaft shaft, and in the free space between the gear and the gear rim of the slider’s hole, a system of rolling bodies is placed to ensure that they are constantly pressed. 2. The rod-free mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion according to claim 1, characterized in that the eccentric crankshaft necks and the slide holes, in addition to involute spur gears, contain raceways having diameters close to or equal to the diameters of the respective initial circles gear rims. 3. The rod-free mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion according to claim 2, characterized in that the system of rolling elements comprises three intermediate gear wheels, which also have supporting raceways: one central, interacting with the gear, and two peripheral interacting with the gear the crown of the slider’s hole and the central intermediate rolling body. 4. The rod-free mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion according to claim 2, characterized in that the rolling body system contains three intermediate smooth rollers: one central, interacting with the support raceways of the gear, and two peripheral interacting with the support raceways of the hole a slider and a central intermediate roller, as well as a leash pivotally connected to the axes of the peripheral rolling elements and fixing the distance between them. 5. The rodless mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotary according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliders are made in the form of twin opposed pistons connected by a common rod and have a star-shaped arrangement symmetrical about the axis of the crankshaft. 6. The rodless mechanism for converting reciprocating motion into rotational motion according to claim 1, characterized in that all the sliders are located in the same plane passing through the axis of the crankshaft.

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