RU2344835C1 - Method of purification, desinfection and enrichment of liquids with negative oxygen ions and device for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: liquid is mixed with air, which is preliminary ionised to concentration of negative ions not less than 2·10⁸ ions/cm³, by means of its laminar diffusion at height of 1/3 from liquid column bottom. Liquid is supplied to processed volume at level lower than level of air supply to liquid, and is removed at level, which is 1/3 of liquid column higher than level of air supply to liquid. Coagulated sediments are removed from processed liquid. Device for realisation of claimed method includes successively connected air compressor, receiver, chamber of air ionisation and connected with ionisation chamber in parallel way reservoirs, filled with processed liquid and supplied with branch pipes for sediment discharge. Ionisation chamber is made of non-conducting material, and in its transverse section plates with sources of alpha-particles are placed. Behind plates, at least two net electrodes are mounted across air flow. Outlet of ionisation chamber connected with all reservoirs in parallel way, reservoirs are connected between themselves successively.

EFFECT: increase of rate and quality of liquid purification and disinfection with reduction of energy consumption.

18 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The proposal relates to the cleaning and disinfection of liquids containing all kinds of impurities and microorganisms by treating liquids with negative oxygen ions of the air in order to exclude the use of electric gas discharge methods (corona, glow, etc. discharges) polluting and infecting the liquid with harmful compounds of ozone and nitrogen oxides with saturation liquids by electrode metals, as well as the exclusion of the use of chemical, radiation, ultraviolet and infrared ozonizers and thermal treatment methods , Methods of pasteurization of liquids such as water, milk, liquid dairy products, juices, alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.

The proposal can be used for the oxidation, coagulation and removal of various contaminants from liquids with the simultaneous disinfection of liquids by destroying pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria and their spores, fungi, viruses and prions in the processed liquid. The application of the proposal will eliminate the use of a large number of toxic chemicals, such as chloramine, polymer chemical coagulants, pure oxygen, electrode metals, such as copper and manganese, and their oxides. The proposal can also be used to saturate liquids with negative oxygen ions, for example, to saturate water for feeding it to drinkers of birds and animals in order to increase its energy value, increase immunity, improve feed absorption and increase the productivity of birds and animals.

A known method of purifying water by exposure to electric discharges (RU 2005124906 [1], RU 2005124905 [2], RU 2005124904 [3], KR 20040055199 [4], A.S. 455731 [5], A.S. 459210 [ 6]), which consists in the electrolysis of water. The disadvantages of the methods are high energy consumption, low productivity of the methods due to processing only the volume of water that is in the interelectrode space, which excludes the use of methods on an industrial scale, requiring multiple liquid recirculation, as well as low reliability and high material consumption due to the gradual atomization of the metal electrodes and the need their constant replacement. In addition, gas electric discharges, with the aim of spraying the electrode material in water, lead to a constant increase in the discharge gap between the electrodes and require constant adjustment of the voltage across the electrodes in the direction of its increase.

A known method of treating liquids with ozone and an ozone-air mixture (RU 2116256 [7], RU 2005139958 [8], RU 2244690 [9], etc.), which consists in saturating water with ozone and an ozone-air mixture and subsequent purification of water from ozone. The disadvantages of the methods are increased energy consumption in the generation of ozone, severe corrosion of equipment due to the high oxidizing ability of ozone and the increased complexity of technical solutions due to the need to purify water from toxic compounds formed as a result of ozonation of water before supplying water to the consumer.

A known method of water treatment using ultraviolet lamps (RU 2278830 [10], RU 2005128373 [11], RU 2288192 [12], RU 2003107702 [13] and others), including the processing of water, according to these patents, ultraviolet radiation over time sufficient to oxidize the microorganisms and organic substances contained in the treated water to carbon dioxide and water. The main disadvantage of this method is the low productivity due to the low penetration of ultraviolet radiation in water, because the ultraviolet emission spectrum of bactericidal lamps with the most efficient emission of a wavelength of 253.7 nm has an energy of 4.43-6.20 eV, which makes it possible to penetrate only into the surface film of water. Thus, there is no technical solution for using directly ultraviolet radiation for water treatment in industry. Therefore, water treatment with the use of ultraviolet lamps occurs in fact by secondary radiation products, such as ozone and nitrogen oxides, the use of which is unacceptable, in particular in drinking liquids according to the requirements of sanitary standards. This makes the industrial application of the method impossible.

A known method of enriching water with oxygen (RU 2005138076 [14], EP 1767261 [15]), which provides for filling a closed tank with water with the formation of a free space zone above the water column, diffusion of oxygen in the form of small thin bubbles in the lower part of the water column in a closed tank and continuous circulation of oxygen from free space above the water column to the bottom of the water column until the required concentration of oxygen dissolved in the water is reached. The disadvantages of this method and device is the use of pure oxygen, for the generation of which it is necessary to expend a large amount of energy, low efficiency of water purification from impurities due to the creation of constant turbulence by the impeller in the water purification tank, which excludes sedimentation of impurities, and low reliability of the device due to the high oxidizing ability of pure oxygen and corrosion of metal parts of the device under its influence. The disadvantage of this method is that for the generation of oxygen, cryogenic stations, cylinders, their transportation, sophisticated safety precautions, specialized pipelines to prevent oxidation by oxygen and contamination of the treated liquid with the products of chemical reactions of pure oxygen are necessary. In addition, the method has a narrow scope, because cannot be used on an industrial scale.

The closest in combination of features is a method of treating water and purifying it using an ionized gas plasma source and metal ion disinfecting compounds (US 5635059 [16]), namely, that gas molecules ionize in a stream of atmospheric air, deliver this air stream to the outlet hole, while the ionization of gas molecules is carried out by ultraviolet and infrared radiation, create a magnetic field, while some of the oxygen and nitrogen atoms in the air stream are ionized, then ionized by a current of air is fed into the venturi and mixed with water, ionized gas molecules of the air stream are mixed with the water stream and pass through the electrodes, and voltage is supplied to the electrodes from a direct current source.

The main disadvantages of this method is the low productivity due to the low penetrating ability of ultraviolet radiation in water and the low efficiency of disinfecting liquids due to the disinfecting effect only on the volume of water that is between the electrodes of the device. This makes technically impractical the industrial application of the method, because water treatment is carried out practically by the secondary, not specified in the application, products of ultraviolet radiation, namely ozone and nitrogen oxides, which are subject to strict sanitary and hygienic requirements for maximum permissible concentrations. The authors of this method recognize the inefficiency of the ultraviolet ionization they claimed, because they direct water mixed with air through electrodes that are supplied with a voltage that provides gas discharge, i.e. in fact, water is treated by corona and glow discharge, which leads to the formation of ozone and nitrogen oxides not specified in the patent description in a volume of 16% by volume of air (see A.S. 455731 [17], A.S. 459210 [18], But A. I. Application of electron-ion technology in the food industry. - M .: 1997 [19], A. Chizhevsky. Aeroionification in the national economy. - M. 1960, p. 99-105 [20] ) at maximum permissible concentrations of 0.1 mg / m ³ for ozone and 5 mg / m ³ for nitrogen oxides in air, and in water according to the MPC according to SanPIN 2.1.4.1116-02-3 mg / l for the first category of water and 2 mg / l for higher water categories. To implement the stated objectives of the method according to the specified patent for electrodes for atomizing electrodes, it is necessary to provide an electric field strength of 20,000-50000 V / m. Moreover, the sputtering of copper from the electrodes in this method is limited by the maximum allowable SanPIN standards for the concentration of copper in water not more than 1 mg / l. Exceeding this norm makes water hazardous to use.

The problems solved by the invention are to increase the speed of cleaning and disinfecting liquids while improving the quality of cleaning and disinfection, reducing energy costs for the implementation of the invention, as well as significantly expanding the scope of the technical solution.

The tasks are solved by achieving the following technical results while ensuring optimal modes for implementing the method: complete inactivation and destruction of viruses, pathogenic microorganisms and fungi contained in the treated liquid, coagulation and removal of harmful and liquid polluting impurities from the liquid, improvement of the useful and energy properties of liquids.

These technical results are achieved due to the fact that they create a stream of atmospheric air, ionize the air, mix ionized air with a liquid, remove coagulated impurities, inactivated viruses and pathogenic microflora from water. Preliminarily, molecules and oxygen atoms are ionized in the air stream with the formation of negative oxygen ions of air with a concentration of at least 2 · 10 ⁸ ions / cm ³ , ionized air is mixed with the liquid by laminar diffusion of air at a height of 1/3 of the bottom of the liquid column, and the liquid is saturated with negative ions oxygen to the saturation limit, the liquid is supplied to the treated volume at a level below the level of air supply to the liquid, liquid is taken for supply for consumption at a level exceeding the supply level and air into the liquid per 1/3 of the liquid column, coagulated sediment is removed from the treated volume of liquid at the lower level of the liquid column.

The indicated concentration of negative oxygen ions of air provides the maximum degree of saturation of water with negative oxygen ions, which in turn ensures the destruction of bacteria, viruses and pathogens in water and the oxidation of harmful impurities. Moreover, the disinfection of the liquid is carried out due to the high, not less than 2 · 10 ⁸ ions / cm ³ , the concentration of negative oxygen ions in the air supplied to the liquid. Negative oxygen ions, getting into the liquid and in contact with pathogens and pathogenic viruses, oxidize their membranes, cause their inactivation and destruction.

This concentration of negative oxygen ions is ensured by the fact that the air stream is treated with a stream of alpha particles, form positive air gas ions and an electronic cloud, oxidize positive air gas ions and form negative air oxygen ions by acting on the air stream with a constant electric field parallel to the air stream and the tension vector directed towards the air flow. Negative air oxygen ions are formed upon the attachment and capture of free electrons by neutral molecules and oxygen atoms, provided that the energy of free electrons is within the affinity energy of the oxygen atom to the electron 0.4-2.0 eV. To maintain a high concentration of free electrons, it is necessary to prevent their recombination with positive ions of air gases. The positive ions of all air gases are reduced to neutral molecules on an electrode made in the form of a conductive grid through which an air stream is passed. To ensure the formation of negative oxygen ions by the adherence and capture of electrons by oxygen molecules on the grid, a negative electrical potential is maintained using a constant voltage source. The potential barrier created by the negatively charged network and determined by the electric field vector directed towards the air flow reduces the kinetic energy of the electrons to the affinity of the oxygen atom to the electron, which allows them to effectively interact with oxygen in the air with the formation of negative oxygen ions.

In addition, the required concentration of negative oxygen ions in the air stream is set by the volume of the electron cloud. And the volume of the electron cloud, in turn, is set by the number of sources of alpha particles, the area of emission of alpha particles by sources and the energy level of alpha particles.

In addition, a constant volume of liquid to be treated is provided by adding a volume of liquid equal to the volume of liquid consumed and maintaining the upper level of the liquid column at a level exceeding the level of liquid withdrawal in a volume exceeding the peak liquid flow rate.

In addition, an embodiment of the method is the treatment of the liquid with at least two steps, wherein the first step coagulates and removes sediment from the liquid, disinfects and saturates the liquid with negative oxygen ions, and at each subsequent stage, the amount of negative air oxygen ions is added to the liquid equal to that spent on the oxidation processes at the previous stage, while ionized air is supplied to all stages of processing in parallel, and liquid is supplied from stage to stage flaxseed.

Thus, the rapid saturation of the entire processed volume of the liquid with air with a high concentration of negative oxygen ions allows rapid disinfection of the entire volume of the liquid at a significantly low cost of electric energy. In this case, the use of at least two stages of liquid processing allows you to speed up the cleaning process, because at the first stage of processing, the impurities are oxidized, the oxidation products are coagulated, sediment is removed and the treated liquid is disinfected. The subsequent stages are mainly used to saturate the liquid with ionized oxygen with additional purification and disinfection of the liquid to the parameters required by the consumer.

The proposed method is carried out using a device including an air compressor, a receiver, an air ionization chamber connected in series through the air nozzles, and reservoirs filled in parallel with the ionized air and the ionization chamber in the tanks, filled with the liquid being processed and interconnected in series with the liquid supply and withdrawal nozzles and equipped with nozzles for draining sediment. The walls of the ionization chamber are made of non-conductive material, at least one plate is mounted in a cross-section of the chamber on which at least one source of alpha particles is mounted, and at least at least one alpha-particle source is mounted across the plate across the air flow , two mesh electrodes, while the ionization chamber output is connected by air nozzles to all reservoirs in parallel, and the reservoirs are connected to each other by intake and selected fluid supply nozzles in series.

In addition, the height of the cross section of the ionization chamber is set to a multiple of the mean free path of an alpha particle in air, and the width of the cross section of the ionization chamber is set to a multiple of the size of the used alpha particle source located in the cross section of the ionization chamber.

In addition, sources of alpha particles are mounted on both sides of the plates placed in the cross section of the ionization chamber parallel to each other.

In addition, part of the sources of alpha particles are mounted on both sides of one plate, and part of the sources of alpha particles are mounted on one side of the other plates, while the plates on which sources of alpha particles are mounted on both sides are placed in parallel with the cross-section of the ionization chamber to each other, and plates on which sources of alpha particles are mounted on one side are placed on the walls of the ionization chamber.

In addition, the negative electric potential is maintained at the first mesh electrode along the air flow, the mesh size of the electrode and the voltage on it are set so as to ensure the restoration of the maximum number of positive ions of air gases to neutral molecules, and the distance from the last plate along the air stream with the source of alpha particles to the electrode is set to not more than 20 mm.

For example, the distance from the last plate with the source of alpha particles along the air stream to the electrode L ₁ is L ₁ ≤ VT _r , where V is the air flow velocity in the ionization chamber, m / s, and T _r is the minimum recombination time of positive gas ions air and free electrons, s. Thus, at an air flow velocity of 2.5 m / s and a recombination time of positive ions of air gases of 50 ms, complete recombination of positive ions with an electron cloud occurs at a distance of 12.5 cm from the last plate with the alpha particle source to the electrode L ₁ along the air stream. Therefore, in order to restore positive ions to neutral molecules on the first mesh electrode and preserve the electron cloud, the distance from the source edge to the first mesh electrode should be minimally acceptable for reasons of minimum recombination of positive ions with the electrons of the electron cloud, on the one hand, but of such a size that allow electrical breakdown between the mesh electrode and the source of alpha particles. Both of these conditions are satisfied when the distance from the source edge to the first mesh electrode is 20 mm. In this case, the positive ions receive the missing electrons on the mesh electrode, on which they are reduced to neutral molecules, receiving the missing electrons from the mesh electrode and thereby preserving the high concentration of free electrons of the electron cloud necessary for the formation of negative oxygen ions.

In addition, the second mesh electrode along the air stream is placed at a distance of at least 20 mm from the first mesh electrode. Such a distance is necessary for leveling the energy of free electrons in the electron cloud to a level of electron affinity of the energy of atoms and oxygen molecules of 0.4-2.0 eV.

In addition, the ionization chamber through parallel air nozzles is connected to diffusers, each of which is installed in each of the tanks at a height of 1/3 of the column of the processed liquid from the bottom of the tank, and is a spirally curled tube mounted horizontally and having many holes. Due to this arrangement of the diffuser along the height of the tank, the upward flow of ionized air is mixed with the treated liquid, causing a chemical reaction of the oxidation of impurities and pathogenic microorganisms, ensuring effective cleaning and disinfection of the liquid.

In addition, the pressure created by the compressor, taking into account losses when passing through the receiver, the ionization chamber and all the nozzles to the spiral diffuser, exceeds the pressure of the liquid column above the spiral diffuser.

In addition, all metal pipes, tanks and other metal parts of the device are grounded. This eliminates the oxidation of metal parts of the device with negative oxygen ions.

In addition, the nozzles for the selection of liquid from the tanks are located above the diffuser level by 1/3 of the liquid column and below the liquid level in the tank by a height determined from the ratio h≥V _a · T / Q, where V _a is the volume of the maximum liquid consumption per unit time , m ³ , T - time interval of fluid intake, hours, Q - cross-sectional area of the tank, m ² .

For example, for an adult bird (chickens) in the amount of 6.5 thousand heads, the maximum water consumption is 80 l / hour or 0.08 m ³ / hour. With a cross-sectional area of the reservoir 0.7 · 0.7 = 0.49 m ² and a time interval of water consumption of 4 hours, the height h should be greater than 0.65 m.

In addition, an embodiment of the device is a solution in which the device comprises at least two ionization chambers connected in parallel with the receiver and reservoirs.

The essence of the proposed method and device and an example of industrial application is illustrated in FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 and FIG. 4., FIG. 5, FIG. 6, FIG. 7, FIG. 8, FIG. 9, FIG. 10 ., Fig. 11, Fig. 12, Fig. 13 and Fig. 14.

The device (see Figure 1) includes an air compressor 1, a receiver 2, an air supply pipe 3, an ionization chamber 4. In the ionization chamber, mesh electrodes 5 and 6 are installed, connected to the negative potential of a constant voltage source 7, the other potential of which is grounded 8. The ionization chamber is also grounded by ground 9. The ionization chamber 4 is connected by an air pipe 10 to the tank 11. The tank is equipped with a valve 12. The tank 11 is equipped with a fluid supply pipe 13, a liquid level control valve 14, a float 15, a pipe m of fluid supply inside the tank 16, a perforated spiral tube 17, a sludge discharge pipe 18 with a valve 19. The air pipe leading from the ionization chamber 4 has a branch of the air pipe 20, equipped with a valve 21 and connected to the second tank 24. Tanks 11 and 24 connected by a pipe 22 provided with a valve 23. A float 25 is installed in the tank 24, a fluid supply pipe 26, a drain discharge pipe 27 provided with a valve 28. In addition, a perforated spiral tube 29 is installed in the tank. The tank 24 is equipped with n conduit 30 for supplying the treated liquid to the place of consumption, which can be equipped with end fluid dispensing device 31 (e.g., drinking bowls for birds). The device is equipped with a multi-position relay 32 for automatic control of valves 12, 14, 19, 21, 23 and 28.

Figure 2 shows the device of the ionization chamber 4. The ionization chamber is connected to the air ducts through transition nozzles 33 and 34. Alpha-particle sources 35 are installed in the chamber so that they can be blocked by a slide plate 36 to control the initial alpha-particle energy, mesh electrodes 5 and 6 mounted in dielectric inserts 37 and 38 and connected to the negative terminal of the voltage source 7 through contacts 39.

Figure 3 shows a cross section of an ionization chamber of circular cross section with a variant of installation of the source of alpha particles 35 in the lower part of the ionization chamber. This variant of the location of the source of alpha particles is used when the volume of the processed liquid is small, the air flow is insignificant, and the diameter of the ionization chamber is not greater than the mean free path of alpha particles in the air.

The mean free path of alpha particles in air depends on their energy, determined by the isotope used in the source, and amounts to several centimeters. This value is known, determined from the tables. For example, for the isotope P _{239, the} maximum energy of the alpha particles emitted by it is 5.1 MeV, and the average mean free path of alpha particles in air is 50 mm.

Figure 4 shows a cross section of an ionization chamber 4 of circular cross section with an installed mesh electrode 5 connected through a contact 39 to the negative terminal of a constant voltage source 7 with grounding 8.

Figure 5 shows a cross-section of the ionization chamber 4 of circular cross section with the option of installing the source of alpha particles 35 along the axis of the ionization chamber 4. This embodiment of the location of the source of alpha particles is used when the diameter of the ionization chamber is greater than the mean free path of alpha particles in the air , but not more than twice the mean free path of alpha particles in air. In this case, the diameter of the ionization chamber can be 10 cm, and the cross-sectional area is 78.5 cm ² . Thus, at the same air flow rate, a 2-fold increase in the diameter of the ionization chamber allows a 4-fold increase in the flow of ionized air.

Figure 6 shows a cross-section of the ionization chamber 4 of rectangular cross-section with a variant of installing the source of alpha particles 35 in the recess of one wall of the ionization chamber. This embodiment of the source of alpha particles is used when the height of the ionization chamber H is not greater than the mean free path L of alpha particles in air.

Figure 7 shows a cross section of the ionization chamber 4 of rectangular cross-section with the option of installing sources of alpha particles 35 in the recess of the opposite walls of the ionization chamber. This embodiment of the source of alpha particles is used when the height of the ionization chamber H is greater than the mean free path of alpha particles in air, but does not exceed twice the mean free path of alpha particles in air.

For example, with a working surface of a source of alpha particles of 60 × 30 mm, we install two sources of alpha particles on opposite walls of the ionization chamber with the location of the source of alpha particles the length of the side transverse to the air stream. Then the cross-sectional size of the ionization chamber will be 120 × 100 mm, and the cross-sectional area of 120 cm ² .

On Fig shows a cross section of the ionization chamber 4 of rectangular cross-section with the option of installing sources of alpha particles 35 along the axis of the ionization chamber. This embodiment of the source of alpha particles is used when the height of the ionization chamber H is greater than the mean free path of alpha particles in air, but does not exceed twice the mean free path of alpha particles in air.

Figure 9 shows a cross section of the ionization chamber 4 of rectangular cross-section with the option of installing sources of alpha particles 35 along the axis of the ionization chamber and in the recesses of the opposite walls of the ionization chamber. This embodiment of the source of alpha particles is used when the height of the ionization chamber H is greater than twice the mean free path of alpha particles in air.

Figure 10 shows a variant of the technical implementation of the device, in which for each tank has a separate ionization chamber.

11 shows the result of applying the method for disinfecting milk.

12 shows laboratory tests of a method and device.

On Fig and Fig shows pilot tests of the method and device in the poultry house of JSC "Novosibirsk poultry factory".

The method is carried out and the device operates as follows. The air compressor 1 pumps air into the receiver 2, in which pressure is created that is greater than atmospheric pressure by the size of the liquid column above the perforated nozzle in the first reservoir for supplying ionized air to the liquid. From the receiver 2, the air through the air supply pipe 3 enters the air ionization chamber 4 at a speed depending on the cross section of the outlet of the pipe 3 and the required pressure. In the ionization chamber, the linear velocity decreases due to a larger cross-sectional area than the cross-sectional area of the air pipe. Those. the linear velocity of the air flow is converted into the volumetric velocity of the air flow, which allows to increase the processing time of the air flow in the ionization chamber 4.

In ionization chamber 4, air is bombarded with alpha particles, resulting in the formation of an electron cloud and positive ions of air gases.

Alpha particles are formed by emitting them with a closed source of alpha particles located on a mounting plate having a recess 2-4 mm greater than the thickness of the source of alpha particles to prevent abrasion and separation of the substance from the source of alpha particles. The regulation of the flow of alpha particles is carried out by installing more than one source of alpha particles on the mounting plate and the possibility of overlapping sources of alpha particles with a gate plate.

One of the dimensions of the ionization chamber in the cross section: height or width, is a multiple of the mean free path of alpha particles in air, for example, at an alpha particle energy of 5 MeV, the mean free path of alpha particles in air does not exceed 50 mm.

In this case, an embodiment of the technical implementation of the ionization chamber, if it is necessary to process the air flow with a high flow rate, can be performed by its height or width of the free path of alpha particles in air, for example, more than 50 mm In this case, in the cross section of the ionization chamber, more than one mounting plate is installed with a source or sources of alpha particles, while the distance between adjacent mounting plates on which sources of alpha particles are mounted, facing each other by working surfaces from which alpha particles, there should not be more than doubled free path of alpha particles in air, for example, no more than 100 mm at an alpha particle energy of 5.1 MeV.

After a free run in air, alpha particles turn into pure neutral molecules of helium, which is an inert gas and does not pose any danger to the environment. In this case, sources of alpha particles can be located depending on the technical design both on one side of the mounting plate and on both sides of the mounting plate. If sources of alpha particles are located on both sides of one mounting plate mounted in the cross section of the ionization chamber 4, then the transverse size of the ionization chamber 4, i.e. the height or width of the ionization chamber is determined from the condition that the distance from the plane of the source of alpha particles to the wall of the ionization chamber 4 does not exceed the mean free path of alpha particles in air. For example, at an alpha particle energy of 5.1 MeV, the mean free path of alpha particles in air does not exceed 50 mm.

After processing with alpha particles, the air mixture passes through a grid electrode 5 connected to the negative potential of a constant voltage source 7, the other potential of which is grounded 8. At the electrode 5, positive ions are oxidized to form neutral molecules, which excludes recombination with an electron cloud.

Further, an air stream containing a cloud of free electrons, which can no longer recombine due to the absence of positive ions, passes through a second grid electrode 6 connected to the negative potential of the constant voltage source 7. This electrode serves to equalize the energy of the electron cloud to a given energy range of 0.4-2 eV, which is to capture and adhere electrons to oxygen molecules and atoms due to the affinity of electron energy to oxygen molecules and atoms. This ensures the formation of oxygen ions and prevents the formation of other ions.

From the ionization chamber, air enriched with negative oxygen ions is supplied through a pipe 10 to a reservoir 11, where a liquid, such as water, is disinfected with negative oxygen ions, and impurities are oxidized and precipitate. The regulation of the air supply to the tank is carried out by the valve 12. The liquid enters the tank 11 through the nozzle 13 of the fluid intake, while the volume of fluid intake is regulated by the valve 14 on the nozzle of the fluid intake 13.

To regulate the liquid level in the tanks 11 and 24 and to ensure a constant volume of the processed fluid, respectively, a float 15 and a float 25 are installed, opening or closing the fluid supply pipe 16 in the tank 11. Air enriched with negative oxygen ions is supplied under pressure to the perforated spiral tube 17, from which it enters the liquid. During the operation of the tank, sludge is discharged through a pipe 18 equipped with a valve 19. In the tank 11, the liquid is disinfected due to the oxidation of viruses and pathogenic microorganisms contained in the liquid by negative oxygen ions. Oxidation leads to the inactivation of viruses and pathogenic microorganisms and their destruction.

Simultaneously with the supply of air enriched with negative oxygen ions, into the tank 11 enriched with negative oxygen ions, air is supplied through a pipe 20 provided with a valve 21 to the tank 24 for cleaning and enriching the liquid with negative oxygen ions. The disinfected liquid in the tank 24 is fed through the pipe 22 to the tank for cleaning the liquid 24. The flow rate of the liquid when it is supplied to the tank 24 is controlled by a valve 23 on the pipe 22 for supplying the liquid to the tank 24. The level of the liquid in the tank 24 is controlled by a float 25 that opens or closes fluid supply pipe 26 in reservoir 24.

To remove sludge from the tank 24, a sludge discharge pipe 27 equipped with a valve 26 is used. Air enriched with negative oxygen ions is supplied to the liquid of the tank 24 through a diffuser — a perforated spiral tube 29.

In the tank 24, additional liquid purification is carried out due to the oxidation of impurities by negative air oxygen ions. Oxidized and coagulated impurities precipitate and are removed through the discharge pipe 27. The amount of negative oxygen ions is supplied to the liquid, which exceeds the amount required for the oxidation of impurities and their coagulation by the amount of complete saturation of the liquid with atmospheric oxygen.

For example, at atmospheric pressure of 760 mm Hg and a liquid temperature of 40 ° C, the maximum concentration of oxygen in water is 6.4 mg / L. These oxygen ions enrich the liquid, giving it great energy utility.

After treatment, the disinfected liquid purified and enriched with negative oxygen ions is fed through a pipe 30 to the place of consumption. For example, water treated and enriched with negative oxygen ions can be supplied to drinking bowls 31 to supply water to birds or animals.

Coordinated operation of the tanks and the compressor is controlled by the multi-position relay 32 of automatic control by closing-opening of valves 12, 14, 19, 21, 23 and 28. The valves and the multi-position relay are adjusted in such a way as to ensure the technological processes of cleaning and disinfection with the removal of sediment in advance of liquid distribution enriched with negative oxygen ions.

The technical feasibility and industrial effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by laboratory and pilot tests by disinfecting milk and water.

To test the application of the method for the purpose of milk disinfection, we took one tank filled with pasteurized milk that meets the requirements of sanitary standards - 100,000 microorganisms per 1 cm. This volume was divided into 3 equal volumes with the purpose: (I) - control, not subjected to processing, (II ) - processed by ordinary atmospheric air, (III) - processed by air enriched with negative oxygen ions. Air consumption in volumes (II) and (III) was the same. After testing, of all three volumes, milk samples were plated on Petri dishes and placed in accordance with microbiological standards in a thermostat for 3 days. Next, microorganisms on each plate were counted. The results of milk processing are shown in Fig.11. Analysis of the results showed the high efficiency of the proposed method for disinfecting liquids.

There are results of industrial application of the proposed method and device for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching water with negative oxygen ions in the houses of Novosibirsk Poultry Factory OJSC. Pilot devices are shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. The method was used to treat water before serving 6.5 thousand adult chickens for drinking, the daily requirement of which was 1.9 tons per day or 80 l / h. Purification, disinfection and enrichment of water with negative oxygen ions was carried out in a tank with a capacity of 920 liters The temperature of the water supplied for drinking is 35-40 ° C. Tests have shown that the proposed method and device provide high efficiency for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching water with negative oxygen ions up to 6.4 mg / L.

Information sources

1. Application RU 2005124906, publication date 2007.02.10.

2. Application RU 2005124905, publication date 2007.02.10.

3. Application RU 2005124904, publication date 2007.02.10.

4. South Korean patent application KR20040055199, publication date 2004.06.26.

5. A.s. 455531, publication date 1975.01.05.

6. A.s. 459210, publication date 1975.02.05.

7. Patent RU 2116256, publication date 1998.07.27.

8. Application RU 2005139958, publication date 2007.06.27.

9. RU 2244690, publication date 2005.01.20.

10. Patent RU 2278830, publication date 2006.06.27.

11. Application RU 2005128373, publication date 2007.03.20.

12. Patent RU 2288192, publication date 2006.11.27.

13. Application RU 2003107702, publication date 2004.09.20.

14. Application for invention RU 2005138076, publication date 2007.06.20.

15. European patent EP 1767261, publication date 2007.03.28.

16. US patent US 5635059, publication date 1997.06.03.

17. A.s. 455531, publication date 1975.01.05.

18. A.s. 459210, publication date 1975.02.05.

19. Booth A.I. The use of electron-ion technology in the food industry. - M .: 1997

20. Chizhevsky A.L. Aeroionification in the national economy. - M. 1960, pp. 99-105.

Claims (18)

1. The method of cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions, which consists in creating a stream of atmospheric air, ionizing the air, mixing ionized air with a liquid, removing coagulated impurities, inactivated viruses and pathogenic microflora from the water, characterized in that in the stream molecules and oxygen atoms ionize the air with the formation of negative oxygen ions of air with a concentration of at least 2 · 10 ⁸ ions / cm ³ , ionized air is mixed with the liquid through a laminar diffusion of air at a height of 1/3 of the bottom of the liquid column, saturate the liquid with negative oxygen ions to the saturation limit, supply liquid to the treated volume at a level below the level of air supply to the liquid, select liquid for supply for consumption at a level exceeding the supply level air into the liquid per 1/3 of the liquid column, coagulated sediment is removed from the treated volume of liquid at the lower level of the liquid column. 2. The method of cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 1, characterized in that the air stream is treated with a stream of alpha particles, form positive air gas ions and an electronic cloud, oxidize positive air gas ions and form negative air oxygen ions by exposure on the air flow by a constant electric field parallel to the air flow and the intensity vector directed towards the air flow, set the electron cloud electron energy in the range of 0.4-2 eV. 3. The method of cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 2, characterized in that the required concentration of negative oxygen ions in the air stream is set by the volume of the electron cloud. 4. The method of purification, disinfection and enrichment of liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 3, characterized in that the volume of the electron cloud is determined by the number of sources of alpha particles, the area of emission of alpha particles by sources and the energy level of alpha particles. 5. The method of cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 1, characterized in that they provide a constant volume of the processed liquid. 6. The method of cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 5, characterized in that a constant volume of the treated liquid is provided by adding a volume of liquid equal to the volume of liquid consumed, and the upper level of the liquid column is maintained at a level exceeding the level of liquid withdrawal in the volume exceeding peak flow rate. 7. The method of cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquid is treated with at least two steps, while the first step coagulates and removes sediment from the liquid, disinfects and saturates the liquid with negative oxygen ions , and at each subsequent stage, the amount of negative oxygen ions of air equal to the spent on the oxidation processes in the previous stage is added to the liquid, while ionized air is supplied to all stages quipment parallel, and liquid is fed from stage to stage in sequence. 8. A device for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions, including an air compressor, a receiver, an air ionization chamber connected in series through air diffusers and connected in parallel through diffusers to supply ionized air to the ionization chamber with reservoirs filled with the treated fluid and interconnected in series fluid inlet and outlet nozzles and provided with nozzles for sludge discharge, characterized in that the walls of the ionization chamber made of non-conductive material, at least one plate is installed in the cross-section of the chamber, on which at least one source of alpha particles is mounted, and at least two mesh cross-sections are mounted behind the plate in the direction of air flow electrode, while the output of the ionization chamber is connected by air nozzles to all reservoirs in parallel, and the reservoirs are interconnected by intake and selected nozzles for supplying liquid in series. 9. The device for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 8, characterized in that the height of the cross section of the ionization chamber is set to a multiple of the mean free path of the alpha particle in the air, and the width of the cross section of the ionization chamber is set to a multiple of the size of the used alpha source particles located in the cross section of the ionization chamber. 10. The device for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 8, characterized in that the sources of alpha particles are mounted on both sides of the plates placed in cross-section of the ionization chamber parallel to each other. 11. The device for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 8, characterized in that some of the sources of alpha particles are mounted on both sides of one plate, and some sources of alpha particles are mounted on one side of the other plates, on which sources of alpha particles are mounted on both sides, are placed in cross-section of the ionization chamber parallel to each other, and plates on which sources of alpha particles are mounted on one side are placed on the walls of the ionization chamber. 12. The device for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 8, characterized in that the negative electric potential is maintained on the mesh electrode along the first air stream, the mesh size of the electrode and the voltage on it are set so as to ensure restoration of the maximum amount positive ions of air gases to neutral molecules, and the distance from the last plate along the air flow with the source of alpha particles to the first mesh electrode is set to no more than 20 m . 13. The device for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 8, characterized in that the second mesh electrode is placed at a distance of at least 20 mm from the first mesh electrode along the air flow. 14. The device for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 8, characterized in that the ionization chamber through parallel air tubes is connected to diffusers, each of which is installed in each tank at a height of 1/3 of the column of the processed liquid from the bottom reservoir, and is a spirally curled tube mounted horizontally and having many holes. 15. The device for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 8, characterized in that the pressure created by the compressor, taking into account losses when passing through the receiver, the ionization chamber and all nozzles to the spiral diffuser, exceeds the pressure of the liquid column above the spiral diffuser. 16. The device for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 8, characterized in that all the metal pipes, tanks and other metal parts of the device are grounded. 17. The device for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 8, characterized in that the nozzles for taking liquid from the tanks are located 1/3 of the liquid column above the level of the diffusers and below the liquid level in the tank, determined from the ratio h≥ V _a · T / Q, where V _a is the volume of maximum fluid consumption per unit time, m ³ ; T - time interval for fluid intake, h; Q is the cross-sectional area of the tank, m ² . 18. The device for cleaning, disinfecting and enriching liquids with negative oxygen ions according to claim 8, characterized in that the device contains at least two ionization chambers connected to the receiver and tanks in parallel.

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