RU2344517C1 - Primary galvanic cell - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity, physics.

SUBSTANCE: primary galvanic cell comprises cylindrical casing with dielectric cover; spiral copper-wire anode is fixed on the inner walls of the casing. Cathode in the form of cylinder made from galvanised iron is mounted in the inner cavity of the casing with copper-wire anode; the cathode comprises magnet which provides for possibility of increasing surface area due to attraction of active layer of galvanised iron shavings covering the cathode surface. The cathode is fixed on a float thus it can move inside the galvanic cell depending on electrolyte level. The cover is fitted with a guide bush to prevent deflection of the cylindrical cathode during operation. Separator in the form of perforated plastic cylinder is set between the anode and cathode to prevent closing. For the electrolyte level adjustment there are electrolyte feeding and discharging branch pipes which are fitted with valves and located in the lower and upper parts of the dielectric cylindrical casing, piezometer for the electrolyte level control is mounted on the discharging branch pipe. The cover is fitted with terminals for load connection. Electrically activated water is used as electrolyte.

EFFECT: increasing specific energy capacity and reliability during galvanic cell operation along with minimal dimensions and weight of cell.

1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to primary galvanic cells, and can be used in primary galvanic batteries activated by water.

State of the art

Known backup primary battery, activated by water, containing a housing in which are placed in series connected sections placed on one plane. The section consists of galvanic cells, including a composite cathode and an anode made of a magnesium alloy, an electrolyte carrier and an electrolyte conductive separator (see RU 2092935, H01M 6/34).

The disadvantages of working with this backup primary battery activated by water include its low service life, structural complexity, inconvenience of operation and the inability to control the water level in the activation chambers.

Known chemical backup current source, which contains a housing and located in it anode, cathode, compartment with electrolyte. The anode is made of an electrochemical active material selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, zinc or their alloys, the cathode is a gas diffusion air electrode, an electrolyte compartment is located between the back of the anode and the wall of the housing. The anode holder on the surface adjacent to the side walls of the housing is equipped with a sealing assembly made in the form of an adhesive layer or a sealing gasket. The air electrode is closed by a protective grill, which simultaneously serves as a current output (see RU 2168246, Н01М 6/32, Н01М 12/04).

The disadvantages of this galvanic cell include its structural and operational complexity, as well as the inability to control the level of activated water in the activation chamber.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect adopted by the authors for the prototype is a copper-magnesium battery "Mayachok", which contains a dielectric housing and the anode and cathode located in it. Magnesium alloys are used as the anode, copper chloride serves as the cathode material. Separators perform the function of a clamp interelectrode distance. They can be pressed into the active material, glass or plastic balls, or fibers made of synthetic materials, located in the direction of flow of the electrolyte. Electrode leads are made by wire electrodes from a mixture of graphite and butyl rubber, rolled by rolling on magnesium or cross-linking from copper wire (Chemical current sources / V.N. Varypaev, M.A. Dasoyan, V.A. Nikolsky. Ed. By V.N. .Varypaeva: Textbook for student universities on specialty “Technology of electrochemical production” - M .: Higher school, 1990. - 240 p., Ill., P.142-145).

The disadvantages of this galvanic cell include its structural and operational complexity, as well as the galvanic cell does not allow monitoring the water level in the activation chamber.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result, which can be obtained using the present invention, is to increase the specific energy consumption and reliability during operation of a galvanic cell having a minimum size and weight.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the inventive primary galvanic cell, the surface of the floating cathode is an active layer of galvanized iron chips, held on the working surface by means of a magnet, which can significantly increase the surface area of the cathode, replace the active layer. The cathode mounted with the float is always immersed, using the entire working surface of the electrode. The anode is made in the form of a spiral copper-wire electrode placed inside the housing. The spiral copper-wire anode has a ribbed surface, which significantly increases the working area of the electrode and allows it to be replaced with the least labor. The use of the float allows you to use the entire working area of the cathode at different levels of electrolyte, as well as reduce evaporation from the free surface of the electrolyte. In the claimed primary galvanic cell, it is possible to adjust the electrolyte level using locking devices according to the piezometer, which allows you to change the output power of the installation depending on the needs of the consumer.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The drawing shows a primary galvanic cell.

The implementation of the invention

The inventive primary galvanic cell contains a cylindrical body 1 with a cover 2 of dielectric material, on the inner walls of which a spiral copper-wire anode 3 is fixed. A cathode 4 in the form of a cylinder made of galvanized iron is installed in the internal cavity of the body 1 with a spiral copper-wire anode 3 inside which a magnet 5 is placed, which makes it possible to increase the surface area due to the attraction of the active layer 6 from shavings of galvanized iron covering the surface of the cathode 4. Ka od 4 is mounted on the float 7, allowing it to move within the cell as a function of electrolyte level. The guide sleeve 8 is mounted on the cover 2 to prevent the deflection of the cylindrical cathode 4 during installation operation. To prevent a short circuit between the anode 3 and the cathode 4, a separator 9 is installed, made in the form of a perforated plastic cylinder. To control the electrolyte level, there are nozzles 10 and 11 for supplying and discharging the electrolyte, equipped with taps (not shown) located in the upper and lower parts of the dielectric cylindrical body 1, a piezometer 12 is located on the nozzle 11 for monitoring the electrolyte level. For connection to the load on the cover 2, terminals 13 are output. Electroactive water (not shown) is used as the electrolyte.

The primary cell is as follows.

Through the pipe 10 of the primary galvanic cell 1 located in the upper part of the cylindrical dielectric housing 1, electroactivated water is poured, which fills the interelectrode space to a certain level, the raising of which is controlled by a piezometer 12. The interaction of activated water with the active layer 6 covering the walls of the cathode 4 and the ribbed surface of the copper wire electrode 3 provides the beginning of an electrochemical reaction and the creation of a potential difference at the terminals 13 of the galvanic cell that one. The spiral copper-wire anode 3 has a ribbed surface, which significantly increases the working area of the electrode and allows it to be replaced with the least labor. The use of an active layer 6 with a developed surface of galvanized iron chips can significantly increase the area of the working surface of the cathode 4, and, therefore, significantly reduce the size, weight of the primary galvanic cell, as well as increase its specific energy consumption and ensure periodic change of the active layer 6. Retention of the active layer 6 in the form of galvanized iron shavings on the walls of the cathode 4 is carried out by the presence of a magnet 5 placed inside the cathode 4. The cathode 4, which is in the submerged state, is installed the float 7 can move inside the cylindrical dielectric housing 1 of the primary galvanic cell depending on the electrolyte level, and the use of the float 7 allows you to use the entire working area of the cathode 4 at different electrolyte levels, as well as reduce evaporation by closing the free surface of the electrolyte with the float. The guide sleeve 8 is mounted on the cover 2 to prevent the deflection of the cylindrical cathode 4 during installation operation. The perforated separator 9 serves to prevent shorting of the electrodes to each other. The discharge of the electrolyte is carried out using the pipe 11 with a tap located in the lower part of the cylindrical dielectric housing 1.

The invention in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions has the following advantages:

1. The spiral copper-wire anode has a ribbed surface, which significantly increases the working area of the electrode and allows to reduce the mass and dimensions of the primary galvanic cell, using available materials.

2. The use of the float allows you to use the entire working area of the cathode at different levels of electrolyte, as well as reduce evaporation by closing the free surface of the electrolyte with a float, which increases the reliability of the galvanic cell during operation.

3. The use of an active layer with a developed surface area of galvanized iron chips can significantly increase the area of the working surface of the cathode, and, therefore, increase the specific energy consumption.

Thus, it is seen that the above information confirms the possibility of implementing the claimed invention, achieving the specified technical result and solving the problem.

Claims (1)

A primary galvanic cell containing a dielectric cylindrical body, inside which an anode and a cathode are installed, between which a separator is arranged, which is capable of fixing the interelectrode distance, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a piezometer and nozzles with electrolyte supply and discharge valves, the piezometer being mounted on the discharge pipe of the electrolyte, and the anode is made in the form of a spiral copper-wire electrode mounted on the inner surface of the walls of the dielectric of the casing, in the inner cavity of the casing with the anode, a cathode is installed in the form of a cylinder made of galvanized iron, the surface of which is coated with galvanized chips, a magnet is placed inside it, which attracts the active layer of galvanized iron chips to the entire surface of the cathode, while the cathode is mounted on a float and has the ability to move inside the galvanic cell depending on the electrolyte level, and electroactivated water is used as the electrolyte.