RU2343724C1 - Method of manufacturing biologically active products from brown algae - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food products manufacturing technique.

SUBSTANCE: method implies processing brown algae, washing and drying. Afterwards the algae are washed in fresh water under 25-35°C for 20-50 minutes with intermittent stirring to ensure even swelling for not less than 30%. Next stage involves demineralization by 0.1-2% solution of at least one food acid with pH=2.0 with weight relation of the algae and the solution being equal to 1:1.5 and following curing for 0.5-1.0 hours under 10-50°C. Then the solution in which demineralisation took place is filtered, desalinated and separated. The algae are washed in fresh water for 10-12 minutes and steeped in drinking water under 20-35°C for 30-50 minutes. Water is dripped down for 10-20 minutes. The washed algae are crushed and put into a cooking vessel, added are also at least part of the above filtered and desalinated food acid solution used for the demineralisation, drinking water 75-85°C hot and at least one food alkali until pH 7-12 is reached. Cooking during 0.5-18 hours under 40-100°C, cooling down to 35-45°C and homogenisation for 30 minutes follow. Neutralisation by the solutions of citric acid in the amount of 0.1% and edible calcium salt in the amount of 0.2% of the algae weight is carried out. Heating up to 75°C and converting into the form suitable for storage with the 50-99% water content and at least 30% of polysaccharides on dry solid basis follow.

EFFECT: reducing losses of biologically active substances and manufacturing product in the form of stable complex with increased content of biologically active and easy digestible substances.

13 cl, 2 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to the production of the food product “Brown homogenized algae (kelp and fucus) for dietary and therapeutic) nutrition”, produced from varieties of kelp (seaweed) and / or fucus.

Laminaria is one of the most common representatives of brown algae. It lives in the Far Eastern and Northern seas. The algae thallus attaches to the substrate with the help of rhizoids. A cylindrical stem (up to 50 cm long) departs from the rhizoids, it passes into a solid or dissected plate 4-5 m long. Fucus is another representative of brown algae. It is a branched bush attached to a substrate by a disk (rhizoid). The branches are belt-shaped, on some there are air-filled cavities filled with air and serving to maintain the plant in an upright position.

Brown algae contain substances necessary for the human body, and are used in the preparation of various biologically active preparations.

A known method for the production of homogenized brown algae by preliminary destruction of the brown algae kelp with its subsequent extraction and the addition of components provided for by the recipe. [one].

The disadvantages of this method are the loss of most oligosaccharides and monosaccharides contained in the raw materials, the instability of the resulting drug, poor biological activity, the presence of important contraindications and low attractiveness for organoleptic indicators.

A known method for the production of homogenized brown algae, in which the starting components: kelp or its concentrate, garlic, sodium alginate and beckon, are thoroughly mixed in the claimed proportions and subjected to granulation by the generally accepted method, garnut is dried at t not higher than 100 ° C, the target product is obtained in the form granules with a size of 2 mm, granulate is packaged in capsules of 0.3 g [2].

The disadvantages of this method are the loss of most polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and monosaccharides contained in the raw materials, poor storage stability of the resulting preparation, i.e. short (no more than 30 days) shelf life of the product, weak biological activity and the narrow range of functional therapeutic and preventive possibilities, due to the non-optimal technological process of preparation, in which a sufficient amount of organ iodine complexes and calcium alginates are not formed, the composition and ratio of ingredients, short duration of action, low organoleptic appeal (unpleasant aftertaste). An important disadvantage of this drug is the low digestibility of its iodine. For example, in the Far Eastern regions of Russia, the population who consume seafood in abundance, including seaweed (kelp), is susceptible to diseases characteristic of iodine deficiency almost to the same extent as in the European part. This is due to the fact that the intake of products containing iodine in its natural form is not effective enough. Such a drug, which contains mainly iodine in its natural form, is contraindicated in nephritis, hemorrhagic diathesis, and other conditions in which iodine preparations are undesirable. At the same time, the most easily digestible and valuable part (polysaccharides) not only is lost and reduces the value of the biogel, but also pollutes the technological effluents, increasing the load on the treatment plant.

An object of the invention is to create an effective and inexpensive method for the production of homogenized brown algae in the form of a biologically active preparation of a wide spectrum of activity, as well as expanding the arsenal of methods for the production of homogenized brown algae in the form of biologically active preparations

The technical result, which provides a solution to the problem, is to minimize the loss of biologically active substances and to obtain the drug in the form of a stable complex with a high content of biologically active easily digestible substances with a molecular weight of 70 Da to 100 kDa: oligo- and monosaccharides (mainly mannitol), amino acids and peptides, nucleotides and trace elements in the form of biogenic compounds, mainly with proteins and peptides, increased shelf life, increased bioavailability and digestibility Tew iodine, with a prolonged action and with an expanded range of therapeutic and prophylactic (functional) capabilities, including increasing the body's resistance to diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulating effects, with improved organoleptic characteristics and a minimum probability of side effects . In addition, the load on treatment facilities in the production of the drug is reduced.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the method of producing biologically active products from brown algae involves cutting raw materials, in which thalli are taken from fresh brown algae, cut off rhizoids, washed with sea water from salt and solids and dried, and then washed in fresh water at a temperature 25-35 ° C for 20-50 minutes with periodic stirring for uniform swelling by at least 30%, then algae are demineralized, for which they are poured with 0.1-2 %% solution of at least one food Howl acid from the group: citric, oxalic, phosphoric, acetic, lactic, succinic, hydrochloric or sulfuric, having an acidity of pH 2.0, with a mass ratio of algae and solution equal to 1: 1.5, and incubated for 0.5 -10 hours at a temperature of 10-50 ° C, after which the food acid solution in which demineralization was carried out is filtered, desalted and separated, and the algae are washed from the acid in fresh water for 10-12 minutes and soaked in drinking water at a temperature of 20 -35 ° C for 30-50 minutes, allow water to drain for 10-20 minutes, washed algae are crushed and placed in a cooking vessel with a mixing device and a homogenizer, at least a portion of the mentioned filtered and desalted food acid solution in which demineralization was carried out, drinking water with a temperature of 75-85 ° C and at least one food alkali from the group: calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide until the pH reaches a pH of 7 to 12, which is controlled during the cooking process for 0.5-18 hours aces at a temperature of 40-100 ° C with continuous stirring with a stirrer at a speed of 15-25 rpm, then cool to 35-45 ° C and homogenize for 30 minutes, then neutralize, for which citric acid solutions are introduced in an amount 0.1% and edible calcium salt in an amount of 0.2% by weight of algae, mix thoroughly for 10 minutes, heat to 75 ° C and transform into a form suitable for storage with a content of 50-99% water and at least 30% polysaccharides in terms of dry matter.

Preferably, the edible acid solution that demineralized was filtered and desalted by dialysis or on semi-permeable or diffusion or osmotic membranes with a selectivity of 50-1500 Yes, the filtered and desalted edible acid solution in which demineralization was performed was separated for use as a biologically active product or component biologically of the active product, a solution of food acid, which was used to demineralize algae, is reused for demineral algae up to 15 times.

In this case, algae from the group are taken as brown algae: kelp and fucus from the basin of the Sea of Okhotsk, the Bering or Sea of Japan, the rhizoids are cut manually or on circular knives, and thalli are washed with sea water in a cascade or vortex washing or by choking, if there is spirorbis on surface thalli their purification is carried out with brushes, dry seaweed is washed in fresh water using a bath dushirovaniya by washing of sand and salt, and is used for washing natural drinking water with a hardness of up to 1 mol / m ³ or softened hydrochloric (corrected) drinking water having a pH of not more than 7.8 and rigidity to 0.2 mol / m ^3, the washed seaweed was ground in a meat grinder or pulping machine for cooking the washed seaweed is milled and pour hot water into the cooking container with a ratio of supplied heating power and usable volume equal to 0.20-0.25 kW / l, for example, in a reactor with a thermostatically controlled jacket and stirrer, with a chimney for heating with dry steam, or in an electric boiler with a stirrer, and homogenized in the built-in or external homogenization torus for 30 min by the influence of hydroacoustic and hydrodynamic vibrations.

At the same time, during neutralization, flavor additives are introduced into the mass, and immediately before cooking, steviazide is added in an amount of up to 1 mg per 1% of the mass of algae, before converting into a form suitable for storage, the gel is enriched with polyvalent metal salts from the group:

magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium lactate based on the final concentration of 0.001-1% in the gel, which is controlled for the iodine content, which should be at least 15 mg / kg, carbohydrate fractions, which should be: mannitol - 245.4 ± 12.1 mg / g, alginic acid - 186.1 ± 10.7 mg / g, and also check the hygienic characteristics in terms of the content of toxic elements: lead - not more than 0.5 mg / kg, arsenic - not more than 0.5 mg / kg, cadmium - not more than 1.0 mg / kg, mercury - not more than 0.1 mg / kg, DDT - not more than 2.0 mg / kg, radionuclides - not more than 6 kg / kg .

To convert it into a form suitable for storage, the gel is packaged hot or pre-dried, moreover, the drying is carried out using a freeze-drying dryer, or a vacuum drying unit, or a spray-drying unit, or a convection drying unit, while the prepared pasteurized mass is poured on baking sheets or in ditches with a layer of not more than 10 mm, which are placed on shelves in a drying unit, where the mass is dried to a given final moisture content.

The method is implemented as follows. When implementing the method, the following ingredients are used:

- kelp according to GOST 20438 (or raw sea cabbage according to TU 15-01-360);

- food fucuses according to OST 64-026-87;

- acetic acid according to GOST 61-75;

- food citric acid according to GOST 908-2004;

- hydrochloric acid according to GOST 3118 or according to GOST 3857;

- oxalic acid according to TU 2431-001-55980238-02;

- phosphoric acid according to GOST 6552-80;

- lactic, succinic, sulfuric acid according to current regulatory and technical documentation or obtained by import;

- calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide according to TU 113-08-667-98, GOST 4201, TU 6-09-01-263-85 and TU 6-09-3839;

- steviazide according to current regulatory and technical documentation or obtained by import;

- drinking water according to GOST R 51232 with hardness up to 1 mol / m ³ or softened (corrected) drinking water with a pH of not more than 7.8 and hardness up to 0.2 mol / m ³ .

Calcium carbonate is a means of improving brain activity and lowering blood sugar, lowering the acidity of gastric contents, and eliminating heartburn.

Sodium bicarbonate (sodium bicarbonate) is an antacid. When taken orally, it interacts with HCl of gastric juice, neutralizing it. Increases excretion of Na + and Cl-, osmotic diuresis; shifting the reaction of bronchial mucus to the alkaline side, increases bronchial secretion, reduces the viscosity of sputum and improves its expectoration. Eliminates pain in peptic ulcer and 12 duodenal ulcer. Alkalization of the urine prevents the precipitation of uric acid in the urinary tract. In its pure form, as a result of the neutralization reaction, CO ₂ can cause discomfort in the stomach and burping.

Calcium citrate (calcium citrate) (E331), chemical formula [ОСС (ОН) (СН ₂ СОО) ₂ ] ₂ Ca ₃ · 4Н ₂ O - calcium citrate four-water - calcium preparation, approved and recommended for use in the food industry. The products are accompanied by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Report of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

It has been established that calcium ions are involved in the excitation and contraction of muscle cells, ensuring cell permeability, intercellular interactions, blood coagulation, secretion of hormones, mediators, and enzymes. Calcium ions act as a transformer of information that enters the cell, regulate intracellular metabolism, including energy. From the extracellular space they penetrate into the protoplasm through special calcium channels, affecting various physiological processes, the functions of the cells of all organs, vascular tone, systole intensity, diastole. Calcium ions play an important role in the formation and preservation of bone tissue. Calcium citrate replenishes the lack of calcium ions in the body with functional (physiological increased need as a result of growth, normal blood loss in women, leaching of bone calcium in elderly people, etc.) and pathological (trauma, bleeding, malabsorption in the gastrointestinal tract , inability to reabsorb calcium in the kidneys, etc.) insufficiency of replenishment of the body with calcium ions. When using the drug in its pure form, loss of appetite and abdominal pain may occur.

Caustic soda, caustic potassium are widespread preparations of the food industry.

Magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide - antacid drugs, acting mainly in the field of sensitive (afferent) nerve endings. Form colloidal solutions with water and neutralize hydrochloric acid of gastric juice and other irritating substances. Magnesium hydroxide interacts with hydrochloric acid of gastric juice with the formation of magnesium chloride, the latter acts in the intestines as a salt laxative.

Calcium lactate is a calcium preparation approved and recommended for use in the food industry. The products are accompanied by the Sanitary and Epidemiological Report of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.

Calcium lactate regulates calcium-phosphorus metabolism, has anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, vitamin and hemostatic effects. It accelerates all phases of blood coagulation, increases platelet adhesion, and promotes the rapid entry of tissue thromboplastin into the blood. When using the drug, heartburn can occur.

Stevioside - a natural sweetener - Stevia honey herb extract (Paraguay). Stevioside - approximately 200-300 times sweeter than sugar, calorie-free, does not cause caries. Stevioside improves the functioning of the cardiovascular, immune and other systems; thyroid gland, liver, kidneys, spleen. It normalizes blood pressure, has antioxidant, adaptogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic and moderate choleretic effects. It inhibits the development of many microorganisms and is therefore recommended for diseases of the oral cavity: it protects teeth from caries, and gums from periodontosis, which is a common cause of tooth loss, including diabetes mellitus, helps to prevent bad breath.

In the manufacturing process, the following processing steps are performed.

1. The preparation of algae

As brown algae, algae from the group are taken: kelp and fucus from the basin of the Sea of Okhotsk, Japan or the Bering Sea outside the zones of industrial and household waste dumping. The production of algae is carried out in accordance with the Instruction No. 6, approved by order of "DALRYBA" No. 466 of July 10, 1985. Algae are used - raw or dried, which are allowed for use in the food industry of the SSES of the Russian Federation:

2. Cutting

Fresh brown algae take thalli (sea stalk), cut rhizoids (growths) manually or on circular knives. Produce unfit plants.

3. Washing.

Thalli are washed with sea water in a cascade or vortex washing or by showering. If there are spiroorbis thalli (shells) on the surface, they are cleaned by hand with brushes, followed by washing.

After washing, the thalli are placed on a mesh tray for draining water and drying. Dry algae are washed in fresh water, in the bath by washing by washing from sand and salt. After that, at a temperature of 25-35 ° C give exposure for 20-50 minutes with periodic stirring for uniform swelling, at least 30%.

4. Demineralization

Algae is poured with a 0.1-2% solution of at least one food acid from the group: citric, oxalic, phosphoric, acetic, lactic, succinic, hydrochloric or sulfuric, having an acidity of pH 2.0, with a mass ratio of algae to solution, equal to 1: 1.5, and incubated for 0.5-10 hours at a temperature of 10-50 ° C. A solution of food acid, which was used to demineralize algae, is usually reused for demineralization of algae from one to 15 times. During demineralization, part of the biologically active substances inevitably passes into the solution: polysaccharides, mainly mannitol, alginic acid, which is an intercellular substance and one of the components of the cell walls of algae.

After completion of the use of this solution for demineralization, it is filtered and desalted by dialysis on either semipermeable or diffusion or osmotic membranes with a selectivity of 50-1500 Da. The filtered and desalted food acid solution in which demineralization was performed, i.e. acid extract, contains polysaccharides extracted from demineralization from algae, mainly mannitol, alginic acid. This solution is separated (collected) in special containers as an independent biologically active product.

In contrast to conventional practice, the food acid solution that demineralized algae does not merge. As a result, the biologically active substances present in it are not lost and the load on the sewage treatment systems is reduced.

The filtered and desalted food acid solution in which demineralization was carried out can be fully or partially used independently as a biologically active product, as well as as a component for enriching a variety of biologically active products.

As a component for enrichment of a biologically active product, such a filtered and desalted solution of food acid is necessarily used in the present inventive method.

5. Flushing

After the specified time, algae are washed from acid in fresh water by strangulation for 10 minutes and soaked in a hopper in drinking water at a temperature of 20-35 ° C for 30-50 minutes with 1-2-fold change of water during the soaking.

After the last washing, the container with algae is lifted from the hopper and allowed to drain water for 10-20 minutes.

6. Shredding

The washed algae is ground in a meat grinder M-250, MIM-300, MIM-600, TJI2H (made in China) or MPR-350.01 wiping machine and loaded into a cooking container.

7. Cooking

The crushed algae are placed in a cooking vessel with a ratio of supplied heating power and usable volume equal to 0.040-0.045 kW / l, for example, a 1050 l reactor having electric heaters with a power of 45 kW and made with a cutting room for heating with dry steam, or in an electric boiler with a mixer (with a similar ratio of power of electric heaters and volume) and with a thermostatic jacket. At least a portion of said filtered and desalted food acid solution, in which demineralization (acid extract), and hot drinking water with a temperature of 75-85 ° C in proportion to the algae mass of 1: 1 is poured into the reactor, is added at least one food alkali from the group: calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide until a pH value of 7-12 is reached, which is controlled during the cooking process, and stevioside up to 1 mg per weight percent. Cooking is carried out for 0.5-18 hours at a temperature of 40-100 ° C with continuous stirring with a stirrer with a rotation speed of 15-25 rpm.

8. Homogenization

After cooking, the resulting mass is cooled to 35-45 ° C and homogenized for 30 minutes, for example, with a RPA homogenizer. Rotary pulsation apparatuses (RPA) combine the principles of operation of a hydrodynamic oscillation generator and a centrifugal pump. By means of pulsating, shock and hydrodynamic effects, by the action of centrifugal forces, together with the hydroacoustic and hydrodynamic vibrations occurring in RPA, the physicomechanical properties of the product are changed, which is converted into the most effective and convenient form for the body to absorb. In the process of homogenization, the particles are crushed to about one micron, uniformly distributed in the mass of the product. Under the influence of pulsating, shock and hydrodynamic effects, together with hydroacoustic and hydrodynamic vibrations, processes of dispersion, emulsification, dissolution, extraction, oxidation, polymerization are carried out. At the same time, intense acoustic exposure leads to the destruction of bacteria and microorganisms at this stage. Released substances of peptide nature are able to regulate the various stages of proliferation and differentiation of T-lymphocytes and lymphocytes, that is, act on the links of the immune response. The homogenized product does not exfoliate during prolonged storage, suitable for transportation, while maintaining its physiological qualities.

9. Neutralization

For neutralization, solutions of citric acid in an amount of 0.1% and edible calcium salt in an amount of 0.2% by weight of algae are introduced into the homogenized mass, thoroughly mixed for 10 minutes, heated to 75 ° C. Solutions of citric acid in an amount of 0.1% and edible calcium salt in an amount of 0.2% by weight of algae are introduced into the homogenized mass. As a solution of edible calcium salt, a solution of calcium lactate or calcium citrate is introduced. At this stage, flavoring additives can be introduced (according to a specific formulation, for example lemon balm or caraway seeds in an amount of 0.05% by weight of algae). The mass is thoroughly mixed for 10 minutes. During processing, polysaccharides, mainly mannitol, alginic acid, which is an intercellular substance and one of the components of the cell walls of algae, are released. The introduced substances form complex compounds with algae homogenization products, mainly mannitol and sodium-calcium alginates. Most of the iodine is in the form of organic iodine compounds.

After that, the mass is heated to 75 ° C (pasteurized) and converted into a form suitable for storage with a content of 50-99% water and at least 30% polysaccharides in terms of dry matter, and then, for example, packaged in hot form or served on drying.

10. Drying

For drying, use the freeze-drying unit P1-ISS-101, a unit of type TG-15 or TG-50 (Germany) or vacuum drying SPT-200, spray drying "Niro atomizer" or convection drying IP-120 (Hungary).

The prepared pasteurized mass is poured on baking sheets or in ditches with a layer of not more than 10 mm, which are placed on shelves in a drying unit where the mass is dried. The final moisture content of the product should not exceed 10%.

11. Packing

11.1. Dry packaging

The finished powder of the drug is packaged in heat-sealed film bags according to TU 15-1106-90 with a maximum weight of 100 g or in other containers made of materials allowed for contact with foodstuffs by the State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of the Russian Federation and ensuring the safety of products.

11.2. Hot packing

The mass is Packed in hot form with a dispenser UD-2 or UFM in sealed containers and cooled.

The resulting gel retains almost all biologically active substances of the raw material and contains 92-94% water, 6-8% dry matter, which includes alginic acid 5-6% in the form of sodium-calcium alginate, fiber - 1-1.5%, protein - 1%, mineral micro and macro elements: molybdenum (12 × 10 - 3%), manganese (4.4 × 10 - 3%), iron (13 × 10 - 3%), fucoidan, stevioside and others. Nitrogenous substances are represented by 17 amino acids, among which 7 are essential. The resulting product is an elastic sliding texture, pleasant sweet and sour taste and with a tonic aroma with notes of jasmine and mountain herbs. Preservation (stability) of properties was controlled during 6-8 months of storage at a temperature of 8-12 ° C in appearance - preservation of taste, color, consistency and smell, the absence of delamination, swelling, gas formation. No changes in these indicators during storage were found.

The following are examples of the practical use of the gel obtained by the claimed method.

Example 1

The study of the effects of the gel obtained by the claimed method in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract was carried out on the following groups of patients: patients of the experimental group - 34 people (27 men, 7 women) with an average age of 54 ± 8 years. The control group - 31 people aged 55 ± 6 years.

Patients complained of: a feeling of heaviness in the right hypochondrium, nausea, belching, heartburn, epigastric pain, indigestion in the form of diarrhea or constipation. When studying laboratory parameters in a number of patients, an increase in the level of ALT, LDH, ACT and bilirubin due to the indirect fraction was revealed. The coprogram has an increased amount of fatty acids.

Table 1 Coprogram indicators before and after consuming brown algae gel (in% of the total number of cases) No. Indicators no does not mean. moderately much before after before after before after before after one. Muscle fibers 0 0 58 54 36 41 6 5 2. Neutral fat 67 75 23 16 10 9 0 0 3. Fatty acid 21 12 41 40 21 22 17 26 four. Soaps 51 54 27 21 twenty 24 2 0 5. Indigestible fiber thirty 8 37 33 23 53 9 7 6. Digestible fiber 45 31 thirty 44 16 eleven 9 13 7. Starch 16 23 53 52 twenty 10 eleven fourteen

The experimental group for 21 days, along with generally accepted in similar cases, medicines received 50 ± 5 g of gel produced by the claimed method, 30 minutes before meals in the morning and evening. Of these, 18 people received a product for the preparation of which kelp was used, magnesium chloride and calcium lactate, the other 16 people received a product for the preparation of which kelp and fucus were used in a mass ratio of 1: 1, and calcium citrate was used as a dietary salt of calcium, of this batch, stevioside was introduced into the product. The shelf life of these products was 6 months. The control group received only standard drug treatment and the well-known drug containing kelp, Lamisan-L.

Patients of the experimental group starting from the 6-7th day of the course noted a steady improvement in overall health: normalization of appetite, reduction of heartburn, belching, nausea, epigastric pain and heaviness in the right hypochondrium, as well as normalization of stool. Subjective improvement was confirmed by the positive dynamics of objective indicators in the experimental group. On palpation, 82% of patients sharply decreased or completely absent pain in the epigastrium and in the area of the projection of the duodenal bulb, as well as along the intestine and in the right hypochondrium. In the control group, the positive dynamics were less pronounced, the improvement in the patients' well-being came, as a rule, at a longer time (9-16 days later). Signs such as a feeling of heaviness in the right hypochondrium, skin itching, leg pain, dyspeptic symptoms, in the experimental group were stopped in a shorter time period than in patients of the control group.

In the biochemical analysis of the patients of the experimental group receiving both product variants, the total protein and bilirubin content had a clear tendency to normalize. In the control group, positive changes were less pronounced and occurred at a longer time. Girdle pains, dyspeptic symptoms in patients of the experimental group were stopped earlier than in patients of the experimental group. None of the patients noted unpleasant sensations in the stomach and belching, unpleasant aftertaste or other unpleasant phenomena.

In patients of the experimental group who received any of the mentioned product options, by the 18-20 day of the course, an improvement in the ultrasound picture of the liver was noted. In the control group, the ultrasound data at this moment remained without significant changes. Over the next 6 months, most patients did not have complaints characteristic of the moment the course of taking the gel obtained by the claimed method began.

Example 2

The study of the antibacterial properties of the gel obtained by the claimed method was carried out on 40 patients who were divided into two groups: the main - 20 people and the control group - 20 people. The average age of patients (in both groups) was 50 ± 2 years. These groups were identical in age and disease standard in accordance with the ICD - 10.

At the beginning of the course, an endoscopic examination for chronic constipation revealed bacterial-caused structural changes in the colon mucosa, which were expressed in focal inflammatory (51.3%) changes, as well as the presence of erosion on the colon mucosa (29.6%). Morphological changes in the colon mucosa were found in all patients. There were violations of the ratio of opportunistic and saprophytic intestinal microflora, opportunistic microflora were seeded in 78.5% of patients. In patients of the control and experimental groups, the analysis of feces for dysbiosis revealed the presence of Staphylococcus aureus and an increased titer of E. coli. Two of the experimental group suffered from nephritis, one - hemorrhagic diathesis.

The experimental group for 30 days, along with standard in similar cases, medicines received 70 ± 5 g of gel 30 minutes before meals in the morning and evening. The control group received only standard drug treatment. Of these, 10 people received a product with a shelf life of 6 months, for the preparation of which kelp, magnesium sulfate and calcium citrate were used, in this batch, stevioside was introduced into the product, and another 10 people received a product with a shelf life of 6 months and 20 days , for the preparation of which kelp and fucus were used in a mass ratio of 1: 2, and calcium lactate as a dietary salt of calcium.

Laboratory and instrumental methods of treatment and examination were carried out in accordance with the standards.

According to endoscopic and morphological studies during the course in patients of the experimental group, a positive dynamics of changes in the colon mucosa was established, which was expressed in a decrease in inflammatory (87.9%) and elimination of erosive changes in the colon mucosa (100%), reduction in cell infiltration ( 76.3%) patients. Under the influence of a brown algae gel, chemical changes in feces normalized: pH normalized in 97.7% of patients, organic acids and ammonia normalized in 91.5%, mucin remained in feces only in 5.0% of patients, tissue protein was not noted. In all patients of the experimental group, in a shorter time period than in the control, ulcerous scarring occurred, and cicatricial deformity was less pronounced. The positive dynamics of the controlled parameters of patients suffering from nephritis and diathesis did not practically differ from the dynamics of other patients; no deterioration of other indicators was found. Patients noted a pleasant taste and smell of the product, the absence of an unpleasant aftertaste. Over the next 6 months, the majority of patients did not show signs of dysbiosis and exacerbation of diseases characteristic of the moment of the start of the course of taking the gel obtained by the claimed method.

Example 3

Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of iodine deficiency was carried out in two groups of pregnant women. Experimental group 1 out of 58 people, control group 2 out of 46 people.

table 2 The dynamics of the content of blood iodides (μmol / l) in pregnant women after taking the gel from brown seaweed Examination Period (weeks) 8-12 (initial) 16-24 28-32 34-38 1 group 11.8 ± 3.7 17.9 ± 4.8 19.1 ± 3.2 20.8 ± 2.6 2 group 11.7 ± 2.4 12.8 ± 3.7 13.2 ± 2.9 14.7 ± 2.8

Significant differences were found in the content of blood iodides before and after treatment of iodine deficiency in women. The first group included 86 pregnant women who received complex treatment corresponding to the form of the anemic condition, and an additional iodine-containing therapeutic and prophylactic product — a gel from brown seaweed, 50 ± 5 g of gel 30 minutes before meals in the morning and evening for 12 days before each control we are investigating. Of these, 22 women received a product with a shelf life of 6 months, for the preparation of which kelp, magnesium sulfate and calcium citrate were used, in this batch, stevioside was introduced into the composition of the product, the other 24 women received a product with a shelf life of 6 months for preparation who used fucus, magnesium sulfate and calcium lactate, stevioside was introduced into the product in this batch, the remaining 12 women - a product whose shelf life was 6 months, for the preparation of which kelp was used and fucus in a weight ratio of 2: 1, magnesium chloride and calcium citrate. None of the patients receiving the product noted an unpleasant aftertaste, discomfort in the stomach, loss of appetite, or abdominal pain. The improvement in the experimental group for all women who received any of the product options was stable and remained between the courses of taking the product.

The control group also received complex treatment depending on anemia and one of the preparations containing kelp was Laminarid or Lamisan-L (water kelp concentrate), which were practically equivalent to the prototype. The control was carried out by determining the activity of iodides in whole blood by direct potentiometry using ion-selective electrodes of the company "SguSh" (Czech Republic). Normally, these indicators are 20-50 μmol / L. Initially, a comprehensive clinical and laboratory study was carried out when registering in a antenatal clinic in the early stages. Women who had a blood iodide content of about 12 μmol / L before the 12th week of pregnancy were selected in the experimental and control groups. During the course, comprehensive clinical and laboratory studies were carried out at 16-24, 28-32, 34-38 weeks of pregnancy. In the first group, upon receipt of a product - a gel from brown seaweed, an increase in the content of blood iodides to values near the lower limit of the norm is noted. In women who received a well-known product, only a slight improvement was recorded, which at the end of the course remained significantly below normal, i.e. iodine deficiency was compensated slightly.

Example 4

Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment in patients with cardiovascular diseases was carried out in two groups. 1 group of 42 people (men and women) - experimental, 2 group of 32 people (men and women) - control.

The first group received complex treatment and a prophylactic product within 45 days — a brown algae gel obtained by the claimed method, 50 ± 5 g of gel 30 minutes before meals in the morning and evening. Of these, 18 people received a product whose shelf life was 6 months, for the preparation of which kelp, magnesium sulfate and calcium chloride were used, stevioside was introduced into the composition of the product, the remaining 24 people received a product whose shelf life was 6.5 months, for the preparation of which kelp and fucus were used in a mass ratio of 2: 1, magnesium sulfate and calcium lactate.

The second group received complex treatment and one of the well-known preparations containing brown algae, Lamisan-L or Laminarid.

As a result of the course intake of the inventive gel from brown seaweed against a low-calorie diet (group 1), body weight decreased on average from 94.3 ± 0.52 to 92.5 ± 0.29 kg, p <0.05, then as in the control group, weight loss was unreliable.

The increased fasting blood glucose level decreased from 6.3 ± 0.52 to 5.01 ± 0.17 mmol / L, p <0.05; in the control group, from 6.1 ± 0.14 to 5.88 ± 0.07 mmol / l, p> 0.1.

The prothrombin index in the 1st group decreased from 97.5 ± 2.6 to 86.71 ± 1.7%, p <0.01; in the control group, only from 103.8 ± 0.72 to 102.7 ± 0.4%.

An improvement in the blood lipid spectrum was noted, which was manifested in a decrease in total cholesterol from 6.09 ± 0.2 to 5.13 ± 0.32, p <0.05, in the control - from 7.12 ± 0.30 to 6.84 ± 0.31 mmol / l, p> 0.1; triglycerides - from 1.5 ± 0.11 to 1.2 ± 0.10, p <0.05, in the control - from 1.76 ± 0.87 to 1.68 ± 0.74 mmol / l, p> 0.1; / 3-lipoproteins - from 6.61 ± 0.20 to 6.1 ± 0.19, p <0.1, in the control - from 7.41 ± 1.25 to 7.28 ± 1.65 g / l p> 0.1; low density lipoproteins decreased in the 1st group from 3.51 ± 0.27 to 2.70 ± 0.13, p <0.02, in the control group from 5.22 ± 0.27 to 4.99 ± 0, 26 mmol / l, p> 0.1.

A single systolic pressure measured in the morning hours decreased from 143.7 ± 2.1 to 130.0 ± 2.1 mm Hg, p <0.01; in the control group, only from 147.5 ± 1.8 to 144.2 ± 2.0 mm Hg, p> 0.1; diastolic - from 88.0 ± 2.1 to 80.6 ± 1.4, p <0.0 1; in the control group from 97.0 ± 1.5 to 96.8 ± 2.0, p> 0.1.

The results above demonstrate a more effective normalizing effect of the drug obtained by the claimed method on the pathogenetic links of cardiovascular diseases that occurred in patients receiving any of the product variants. Control tests taken 3 and 6 months after the completion of the course showed that these indicators did not change compared to the moment the course was completed. Patients noted a pleasant taste and smell of the product, the absence of an unpleasant aftertaste or dyspeptic symptoms.

From the above examples and other studies, the therapeutic and prophylactic properties of various components of the gel from brown seaweed obtained by the claimed method are visible, as well as its potential in regenerative medicine, as a means of general healing of the body and maintaining a health reserve, as well as a product used in the complex treatment of diseases . The negative consequences of taking the drug were not identified, i.e. side effects (which are the basis for establishing contraindications) were not detected. The result of taking the drug is stored for a period of at least three times the duration of the course of administration. Confirmed by tests at a temperature of 5-10 ° C, the shelf life of the properties is 6 months.

The brown algae gel obtained by the claimed method is one of the most modern and high-quality biologically active products intended for independent, complex and auxiliary therapy, maintaining human health and the complex treatment of a wide range of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and endocrine systems , has antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, as well as improved organoleptic characteristics and a minimal likelihood of side effects oi. Oligosaccharides and monosaccharides act as reserve, supporting, and protective substances, participate in immune reactions, and ensure cell adhesion in the tissues of plants and animals. The therapeutic and prophylactic properties of oligosaccharides and, in particular, mannitol are determined by the fact that they are not digested in the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract (they are not split by enzymes of the small intestine), but pass through the large intestine, in which they are actively utilized by the normal intestinal microflora, in particular lactobacilli and bifidobacteria. At the same time, oligosaccharides absorb and neutralize toxic substances (lead, mercury, radionuclides, etc.) that enter the body from the external environment or are formed as a result of impaired metabolism, activate the processes of cleansing the blood vessels, drain the intestines and restore its microflora.

In the large intestine, oligosaccharides are utilized under the influence of bacteria with the formation of low molecular weight organic compounds, mainly organic acids: lactic, acetic, butyric and propionic acids, which lead to a decrease in the pH of the intestinal contents. As a result of acidification of the intestinal contents, the osmotic pressure rises and the contents of the colon liquefy. Organic acids produced by bifidobacteria inhibit the growth of proteolytic bacteria, correspondingly reducing the quantitative indicators of toxic products of protein metabolism: skatol, p-cresol, indole and phenol. During the fermentation of polysaccharides, a more pronounced stimulating effect of the composition on the state of intestinal microbiocenosis is achieved. At the same time, acetic, formic, lactic and fatty acids are released in the large intestine to a large extent, which inhibit the development of a wide range of opportunistic and pathogenic types of microorganisms (salmonella, shigella, fungi). These products, inhibiting the growth of proteolytic bacteria, dramatically reduce ammonia levels, reducing the load of toxic products on the liver and protecting the brain. The fermentation products of polysaccharides additionally stimulate peristalsis, promote the dilution of chyme, eliminating constipation, and also reduce the burden on the kidneys and stimulate immune responses. In the presence of oligosaccharides, more intensive synthesis and assimilation of vitamins A and E by representatives of the normal intestinal microflora is observed.

Thus, an effective and inexpensive method for the production of homogenized brown algae in the form of a biologically active preparation of a wide spectrum of activity has been created, as well as an expanded arsenal of methods for the production of homogenized brown algae in the form of biologically active preparations.

The drug is intended for dietary, therapeutic and preventive nutrition, a source of polysaccharides and nutrients. Unlike many known drugs, the proposed drug contains an increased number of biologically active easily digestible substances with a molecular weight of 70 Da to 100 kDa: oligo- and monosaccharides (mainly mannitol), amino acids and peptides, nucleotides and trace elements in the form of biogenic compounds, mainly with proteins and peptides, as it contains 50-99% water and at least 30% polysaccharides, calculated on the dry matter. Thus, the most easily digestible and valuable part is not lost, increases the value of the biogel and does not pollute the technological effluents, i.e. reduces the load on the treatment plant.

In this case, the drug is obtained in the form of a stable complex with an increased shelf life, increased bioavailability and digestibility of iodine, prolonged action and with an expanded range of therapeutic and functional (functional) capabilities.

Thus, as a result of the invention, an efficient and inexpensive method for the production of homogenized brown algae in the form of a biologically active preparation of a wide spectrum of activity was created, as well as an expanded arsenal of methods for the production of homogenized brown algae in the form of biologically active preparations

At the same time, minimization of the loss of biologically active substances and the preparation of the drug in the form of a stable complex with a high content of biologically active easily assimilable substances with a molecular weight of 70 Da to 100 kDa: oligo- and monosaccharides (mainly mannitol), amino acids and peptides, nucleotides and trace elements in in the form of biogenic compounds, mainly with proteins and peptides, increased shelf life, increased bioavailability and assimilation of iodine, prolonged action and with an extended range Sohn therapeutic and prophylactic (functional) features including improved ability to fight diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, with improved organoleptic properties and minimal probability of side effects. In addition, the load on treatment facilities in the production of the drug is reduced.

Information sources

1. RU №2000126420, 2002

2. RU No. 2108108, 2000 (prototype).

Claims (13)

1. A method for the production of biologically active products from brown algae, involving the cutting of raw materials, in which thalli are taken from fresh brown algae, rhizoids are cut, washed with sea water from salt and solids and dried, and then washed in fresh water at a temperature of 25-35 ° C for 20-50 minutes with periodic stirring for uniform swelling by at least 30%, then algae are demineralized, for which they are poured with a 0.1-2% solution of at least one food acid from the group of citric acid, u vele, phosphoric, acetic, dairy, amber, hydrochloric or sulfuric, having an acidity of pH 2.0, with a mass ratio of algae and solution equal to 1: 1.5 and incubated for 0.5-10 hours at a temperature of 10-50 ° C, after which the food acid solution in which demineralization was carried out is filtered, desalted and separated, and the algae are washed from the acid in fresh water for 10-12 minutes and soaked in drinking water at a temperature of 20-35 ° C for 30-50 min, allow water to drain for 10-20 min, washed algae is crushed and placed in a cooking a container with a mixing device and a homogenizer, add at least part of the mentioned filtered and desalted food acid solution in which demineralization was carried out, drinking water with a temperature of 75-85 ° C and at least one food alkali from the group: calcium carbonate , sodium bicarbonate, caustic soda, potassium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide to achieve a pH value of 7 to 12, which is controlled during cooking, carried out for 0.5-18 hours at a temperature of 40-100 ° C with continuous stirring using a stirrer with a rotation speed of 15-25 rpm./min, then cool to 35-45 ° С and homogenize for 30 minutes, then neutralize, for which 0.1% citric acid solutions and calcium edible salt are introduced into the amount of 0.2% by weight of algae, mix thoroughly for 10 minutes, heat to 75 ° C and convert to a form suitable for storage with a content of 50-99% water and at least 30% polysaccharides in terms of dry matter. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the food acid solution that demineralized was filtered and desalted by dialysis on either semipermeable or diffusion or osmotic membranes with a selectivity of 50-1500 Da. 3. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the filtered and desalted food acid solution in which demineralization was carried out is separated for use as a biologically active product or component of a biologically active product. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the food acid solution that demineralized algae was reused for demineralization of algae up to 15 times. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that as brown algae take algae from the group: kelp and fucus from the basin of the Okhotsk, Bering or Sea of Japan. 6. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the rhizoids are cut manually or on circular knives, and the thalli are washed with sea water in a cascade or vortex washing or by showering. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that in the case of spirorbis on the surface of the thalli, they are cleaned with brushes. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the dry algae is washed in fresh water by showering in a bath, washing off sand and salt. 9. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that for washing using natural drinking water with a hardness of up to 1 mol / m ³ or softened (corrected) drinking water with a pH of not more than 7.8 and hardness of up to 0, 2 mol / m ³ , washed algae is crushed in a meat grinder or pulper. 10. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that for cooking the washed algae is crushed and filled with hot water in a cooking vessel with a ratio of supplied heating power and net volume equal to 0.20-0.25 kW / l, for example , in a reactor with a thermostatic jacket and a stirrer, with a pit-hole for heating with dry steam, or in an electric boiler with a stirrer, and homogenized in a built-in or remote homogenizer for 30 min by the action of hydroacoustic and hydrodynamic vibrations. 11. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that during neutralization, flavor additives are added to the mass, and immediately before cooking, steviazide is added in an amount of up to 1 mg per 1% of the mass of algae. 12. The method according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that before converting to a suitable storage form, the gel is enriched with polyvalent metal salts of the group: magnesium chloride, magnesium sulfate, calcium chloride, calcium citrate, calcium lactate based obtaining a final concentration of 0.001-1% in a gel, which is controlled for iodine content, which should be at least 15 mg / kg, carbohydrate fractions, which should be: mannitol 245.4 ± 12.1 mg / g, alginic acid 186.1 ± 10.7 mg / g, and also check the hygiene characteristics in terms of content oxide elements: lead not more than 0.5 mg / kg, arsenic not more than 0.5 mg / kg, cadmium not more than 1.0 mg / kg, mercury not more than 0.1 mg / kg, DDT not more than 2.0 mg / kg, radionuclides not more than 6 k / kg 13. The method according to p. 12, characterized in that for converting into a form suitable for storage, the gel is Packed in hot form or pre-drying, and drying is carried out using a freeze dryer, or a vacuum dryer, or a spray dryer or convection-drying plants, while the prepared pasteurized mass is poured onto the counter or cuvettes with a layer of not more than 10 mm, which are placed on shelves in a drying unit, where the mass is dried to a given final humidity .