RU2342350C1 - Method of obtaining granulated complex mineral fertilizers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to methods of obtaining granulated phosphorous-containing complex mineral fertilisers, which can be broadly used for increasing wheat and other agricultural cultures productivity. Method of obtaining granulated complex mineral fertilisers includes mixing of phosphorous-containing component and potassium compound, granulating and drying of product. As initial raw material phosphorus flour, which is mixed with potassium chloride and boric acid in following ratio, wt %: phosphorite flour 68 potassium chloride 30, boric acid 2, then mixture is moistened to 6% and subjected to granulating and drying at temperature 150-200°C, with further obtaining of fertiliser, which contains nutrition elements in amount, wt %: P₂O₅ - 10-12, K₂O - 13-16, B - 0.25, CaO - 20, MgO - 2, Water - 1.4.

EFFECT: obtaining mineral fertiliser which efficiently affects increase of agricultural cultures productivity on all kinds of soils.

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Description

The invention relates to methods for producing granular phosphorus-containing complex mineral fertilizers, which can be widely used to increase the yield of wheat and other crops.

The well-known "Method for producing granular phosphorus fertilizers", including the production of phosphate pulp and its subsequent granulation, while the phosphate pulp is cooled to 20-100 ° C until 1-100% crystalline hydrates are formed in the resulting material and the granulation process is carried out until the content in the product is 0.01 -2% free moisture. RF patent No. 2130914, MKI: C05B 19/00, date publ. 1999.05.27.

The well-known "Method of granulation of finely divided phosphate raw materials" in the presence of a binder additive, while the mixture of pulp of monocalcium phosphate and the sum of salts of one and a half oxides is used as a binder additive with a ratio of monocalcium phosphate in it: the sum of salts of one and a half oxides is 1: (0.05-0.45 ), and the mixture is added to the phosphate raw material in an amount of 0.04-0.3 parts by weight. per 1 part by weight phosphate raw materials. RF patent No. 2142929, MKI: С05В 19/00, date publ. 1999.12.20.

Known "Complex granular fertilizer" containing granular ammonium phosphate in a mixture with potash and ammonium nitrate. U.S. Patent No. 395942, MKI: C01B 25/16, 1976

The disadvantages of the above inventions include the low efficiency of the prolonged action of granular fertilizers, as well as the high cost of preparing a phosphorus-containing component.

The closest analogue to the claimed invention is the “Method for producing phosphorus-containing complex mixed fertilizers”, comprising mixing the phosphorus-containing component with K ₂ Mg (SO ₄ ) ₂ , granulating and drying the product, and superphosphate, or phosphorite, or ammonium phosphate and mixing are taken as the phosphorus-containing component lead to a mixture in the ratio

P ₂ O ₅ : K ₂ Mg (SO ₄ ) ₂ = 1: (0.76-4.6).

RF patent No. 2106329, MKI: C05G 1/06; public date 1998.03.10.

The technical result includes the production of granular complex mineral fertilizers, effectively affecting the increase of crop yields on all types of soils through the use of phosphate rock and the optimal selection of other fertilizer components for the mineral nutrition of plants.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method for producing granular complex mineral fertilizers, a phosphorus-containing component and a potassium compound are mixed, granulated and dried.

In this case, phosphorite flour is used as feedstock, which is mixed with potassium chloride and boric acid in the following ratio, wt.%

Phosphorite flour 68 Potassium chloride thirty Boric acid 2

then the mixture is moistened to 6% and subjected to granulation and drying at a temperature of 150-200 ° C, to obtain fertilizer containing nutrients in the amount, wt.%

P ₂ O ₅ 10-12 K ₂ O 13-16 AT 0.25 Cao twenty MgO 2 Water 1.4.

In this case, SiO _{2 is} used as a filler.

In the method for producing granular complex mineral fertilizers, phosphorite flour is used as a phosphorus-containing component according to TU 2183-002-35608560-2005, the qualitative composition of which is as follows:

Mass fraction of total phosphates in terms of P ₂ O ₅ ,%, not less than 17.

Mass fraction of calcium oxide,% 25-30, mass fraction of moisture,% no more than 1.5

Chemical composition in wt.%

P ₂ O ₅ 17 Cao 25-30 Fe ₂ About ₃ 1.4 CO ₂ 3.4 Al ₂ O ₃ 1,2 MgO 0.5 SiO ₂ 31

Trace elements:

AT 0.005 With 0,0004 Cu 0,0008 Zn 0.003 Mo 0.00008

On TU 2183-002-35608560-2005 phosphorite flour issued a certificate of state. registration of phosphorite flour No. 0047 of February 17, 2006, on the basis of the “Sanitary and Epidemiological Report and its approval by supervisory authorities, No. 77.99.28.218.A. 000272.12.05. from 01.12.2005, and published information on phosphate rock in the official source “State catalog of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation” Official publication Ministry of Agriculture of Russia, Moscow, 2006, p. 289.

Proposed as an invention, the method for producing granulated complex mineral fertilizers "Borofoska" is shown in the following example: granular complex mineral fertilizer "Borofoska" is a product of mixing and rolling phosphorite flour, which is mixed with potassium chloride and boric acid in the following ratio: wt.%

Phosphorite flour 68 Potassium chloride thirty Boric acid 2

The mixture of components is pre-wetted with water through the nozzle to a moisture content of 6% and enters a single-shaft paddle mixer, in which it is thoroughly mixed and fed to a granulator dryer equipped with a GVK-6 gas air heater, a BM-15 smoke exhauster, a blower fan and a dust collection system. In a granulator dryer, the mixture is pelletized and, when natural gas is burned in a gas air heater, it is dried to a moisture content of 1.4%, while the temperature in the granulator dryer is 150-200 ° C, and the vacuum is at least 2 mm water column. Temperature control is carried out using a thermocouple and is recorded by a potentiometer. Granular fertilizer from the granulator dryer goes by gravity to the collection conveyor, after which granules with a size of not more than 5 mm are screened on a screen and the substandard granules are returned for grinding.

Physico-chemical indicators of the obtained granular complex fertilizers "Borofoska" grades A and B and the technical requirements are summarized in table 1, and the ratios and rates of application of granular complex mineral fertilizers "Borofoska" grades A and B for the main crops are given in table 2 .

It is clearly seen from these tables that the use of phosphorite flour and the Borofoska granular complex fertilizers obtained on its basis are becoming important for providing agriculture with phosphate and other types of fertilizers. The limited production of highly concentrated phosphorus raw materials, its high cost led to a sharp increase in the cost of water-soluble phosphorus fertilizers, a decrease in their consumer demand and production at domestic enterprises. Proposed as an invention, the method allows to obtain granular complex fertilizers "Borofoska", which are much cheaper than industrial complex-mixed fertilizers. Upon receipt of this fertilizer, the effectiveness of phosphate rock increases dramatically due to the introduction of its vital macro- and microelements containing potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron.

The production of granulated Borofoski is being mastered at the Bryansk Phosphate Plant.

The use of Borofoski prepared on the basis of phosphate rock in the conditions of the Bryansk region is 3.3-7.3 times more profitable than azofoska and superphosphate. The conditionally net income from the use of winter rye and aftereffect on lupine and perennial herbs amounted to 3.05 and 2.94 rubles per 1 ruble of expenses.

According to agrochemical requirements, the uneven mixing of fertilizers should not exceed ± 10%, and the flowability and dispersibility of the mixtures should not be lower than that of the initial component, therefore these mixtures in granular form are of particular interest. Fertilizer mixtures are easy to adapt to the requirements of various crops, both in concentration and in the ratio of nutrients, which distinguishes them from complex fertilizers, which usually have a constant composition.

Granular complex fertilizers Borofoska can be used for all crops on all types of soils. These fertilizers have a particularly high effect on yield and crop quality when used for sugar beets, potatoes and vegetables. Grain and leguminous crops, perennial and annual grasses, flax, fodder crops respond well to the application of this fertilizer.

Fertilizer application rates are calculated according to the needs of the crop in phosphorus and potassium, taking into account the content of these elements in the soil.

Granulated fertilizers Borofoska is recommended to be used as the main (before sowing) fertilizer for plowing or for cultivation before sowing crops. These fertilizers provide plant nutrition during the period of intensive growth and development of plants, and, consequently, the highest consumption of nutrients.

When determining the timing of application and the method of filling fertilizers, one must proceed from the properties of the fertilizers used. Phosphorus-potassium-boron fertilizers (borofoska) are well absorbed by the soil at the places of their application, phosphorus in the composition of the borofoska weakly migrates along the soil profile, is quickly fixed in it as a result of chemical absorption, especially on soils with a high absorption capacity and degree of saturation with bases. The risk of leaching of phosphorus in such soils is negligible. Soil is well retained and potassium introduced with a borofoska on soddy-podzolic and gray forest soils of medium texture, both in spring and autumn, with the exception of light soils with a low absorption capacity, as a rule, these are sandy sod-podzolic soils where borofosk is necessary apply in spring as a main or sowing fertilizer. In almost all areas of our region, there is a big effect from the introduction of phosphate, and especially potash and boron fertilizers in the fall, followed by their plowing with plow during plowing. It is rational to use granular borofoska as an ameliorant as phosphate and potassium soils together in a dose of 1-2 tons of physical weight per hectare. This agricultural practice is especially effective in the southwestern regions of the Bryansk region, where the use of high doses of potassium fertilizers as part of Borofoski reduces the intake of radiocaesium in crop production by 1.7–4.6 times.

The content of mobile phosphorus with increased doses of Borofoski in the soil increases by 2.4-3.6 mg per 100 g of soil, exchange potassium by 2.9-4.4 mg per 100 soil. For acidic soils, it is advisable to prepare a mixture of phosphate rock with potassium chloride, which helps to increase the solubility of P ₂ O ₅ phosphate rock.

The tests of the obtained fertilizers showed that the Borofoska granular complex mineral fertilizers provided an increase in the yield of spring wheat of 7.8 c / ha. The difference in yield increase when applying this fertilizer compared to superphosphate is 2.8 c / ha. The increase in yield of winter rye was 9.1 kg / ha from the background, lupine - 7.8 kg / ha and perennial grasses (hay) - 6.3 kg / ha, for potatoes - 53 kg / ha, for table beets - 83 c / ha, for carrots - 120 c / ha.

Granular complex mineral fertilizers Borofoska also have valuable chemical elements in their composition: calcium, boron, magnesium, which are actively involved in various physical and chemical processes of the soil and plants, increasing their productivity.

Table 1 Physico-chemical characteristics of granular complex fertilizers "Borofoska" and technical requirements №№ The name of indicators Characteristics and Norms Test methods brand A brand B one 2 3 four 5 one Appearance gray irregular granules 2 Mass fraction of total phosphates in terms of P ₂ O ₅ ,%, not less 12 10 GOST 20851.2 3 Mass fraction of assimilable phosphates in terms of P ₂ O ₅ ,%, not less 6 6 GOST 20851.2 four Mass fraction of potassium in terms of K ₂ O,%, not less 13 16 GOST 20851.3 5 Mass fraction of boron (B),% 0.25 0.25 GOST 5956 6 Mass fraction of calcium oxide,% twenty twenty GOST 50261 7 Mass fraction of magnesium oxide,% 2 2 GOST 50261 8 Mass fraction of water,%, 1.4 1.4 GOST 20581.4 9 Granulometric composition (mass fraction of fractions),% over 6 mm, no more 10 10 GOST 21560.1 from 1 to 4 mm, not less 70 70 less than 1 mm, no more 1,5 1,5 10 Mass fraction of toxic elements,%, no more lead Pb 0,0008 0,0008 GOST 30198 cobalt, co 0,0009 0,0009 GOST R 50687 arsenic, As 0,0003 0,0003 MU AKV-07 MP cadmium cd 0,0002 0,0002 GOST 30198 copper, Cu 0.001 0.001 GOST R 50684 zinc, Zn 0.002 0.002 GOST R 50687 mercury, hg 0.00001 0.00001 MUM35178 Nickel, Ni 0.0015 0.0015 AAS MU Biological Research

table 2 Correlation and application rates of granulated complex mineral fertilizers "Borofoska" under the main crops Type of fertilizer The content of batteries,% Application rate, kg / ha Fertilized crop Mode of application active substance fat, physical weight cereals P ₂ O ₅ - 12 legumes Borofoska P - 90 850 perennial the main brand A K ₂ O - 13 K - 110 herbs fertilizer B - 0.25 annual herbs, flax potatoes, vegetables, P ₂ O ₅ - 10 P - 110 1100 sugar Borofoska K ₂ O - 16 K - 130 beet, the main brand B B - 0.25 fodder fertilizer roots, corn

Claims (1)

A method of producing granular complex mineral fertilizers, comprising mixing a phosphorus-containing component and potassium compounds, granulating and drying the product, characterized in that phosphorite flour is used as feedstock, which is mixed with potassium chloride and boric acid in the following ratio, wt.%: phosphorite flour 68 potassium chloride thirty boric acid 2 then the mixture is moistened to 6% and subjected to granulation and drying at a temperature of 150-200 ° C, to obtain fertilizer containing nutrients in an amount, wt.%: P ₂ O ₅ 10-12 K ₂ O 13-16 AT 0.25 CaO twenty MgO 2 water 1.4