RU2342198C2 - Magnet separator for ferromagnetic materials with rotary roller with controlled slippage and corresponding method of operation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological processes; physics.

SUBSTANCE: magnet separator for ferromagnetic materials contains conveyer tape (1), which forms closed loop around magnet roller (2), and tension roller (3). Tension roller (3) is rotated by means of motor. Tape (1) is not wound directly on magnet roller (2), but on tension pipe (3'), made of nonmagnetic material, inside of which magnet roller (2) is installed, and in respect to which it may slip. Magnet separator contains facility for control of angle speed of magnet roller (2) in the range from 1% to 200% of angle speed of tape (1). According to suggested method for magnet separator operation, inside tension pipe (3') made of nonmagnetic material, magnet roller (2) is installed, in respect to which it may slip. Facility for control of magnet roller (2) angle speed is installed. Magnet roller (2) is rotated with angle speed that stays in the range from 1% to 200% of tape (1) angle speed.

EFFECT: reduction of clamp effect and probability of inertial material transfer together with magnet material, immediate separation of materials that have different value of magnetic permeability.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to devices for separating materials in accordance with their magnetic properties, and in particular to a separator with a rotating roller with controlled slippage.

State of the art

Known magnetic separator, designed to separate from the flow of mixed materials of all particles with magnetic permeability, to separate them from the rest of the inert material. A typical separator essentially consists of a magnetic pulley, which acts as a drive roller, which drives the tape on which the mixture of materials is moved, the tape being looped around the tension roller.

To separate the material, magnetic pulleys with different values of the magnetic field gradient are used, designed to separate materials with high or low magnetic permeability. With a low field gradient, only materials with high magnetic permeability are attracted, while with a high field gradient, both materials with high magnetic permeability and materials with low magnetic permeability are attracted.

A disadvantage of the known separators that use a pulley with a high field gradient value is that the material attracted by the respective poles remains attracted to these poles while the conveyor belt moves along the roller, resulting in the detachment of the attracted material over a very small area. As a result of this, both materials with low magnetic permeability and materials with high magnetic permeability fall in one region, and they need to be sorted after that.

Another disadvantage is related to the fact that magnetic materials carry part of the inert material with them, since the latter remains sandwiched between the inductor (alternating poles of the roller) and the induced material (attracted magnetic material). Therefore, in this case, additional processing is also required to improve the quality of the separated material.

Another type of magnetic separator is an eddy current separator, which is used to separate non-magnetic but electrically conductive materials such as aluminum, copper, brass, etc. In this case, a magnetic roller is provided, which rotates at high speed inside a non-magnetic pipe around which a conveyor belt is wound.

The speed of rotation of the roller must be very high (for example, 3000 rpm) to induce eddy currents in electrically conductive materials, which, in turn, as a result of rapid variations in the magnetic field repel these materials, which are thus separated from the mixture. In addition, to ensure maximum efficiency, the gap between the magnetic roller and the non-magnetic pipe should be as small as possible, and this creates a problem of overheating due to the high speed of rotation between the two elements.

Disclosure of invention

Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a separator which does not have the above disadvantages. This task is achieved by means of a separator for ferromagnetic materials, in which the tension roller acts as a drive roller for the tape that is wound around the tension pipe, inside which the magnetic roller can rotate at a speed different from the pipe speed, similar to what happens in the eddy current separator but in a completely different speed range.

The first significant advantage of this separator follows from the fact that controlling the speed of the roller relative to the speed of the tape allows you to obtain relative slippage, which significantly reduces the clamping effect and the probability of transfer of inert material together with magnetic material.

Another significant advantage is that controlled slippage also allows immediate separation of materials having different values of magnetic permeability due to their fan-shaped discharge in the discharge area with sequential release of materials with increased permeability.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Other advantages and characteristics of the separator in accordance with the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of certain embodiments with reference to the proposed drawings, in which:

figure 1 is a longitudinal section showing the separation of the material and the separation effect provided by this separator;

figure 2 is a front view, according to the first embodiment of the system with controlled slippage;

figure 3 is a view similar to figure 1, showing a modification of the present separator, which is equipped with an additional device for separating materials with high magnetic permeability.

The implementation of the invention

Figures 1 and 2 show that the magnetic separator in accordance with the present invention typically comprises a conveyor belt 1, which forms a closed loop around the magnetic roller 2 and the tension roller 3, for transferring the mixture of 4 materials. In this mixture 4, the magnetic properties of the materials are graphically indicated as follows: an asterisk indicates an inert material, a circle indicates a material with low magnetic permeability, a triangle indicates a material with medium magnetic permeability, and a rectangle indicates a material with high magnetic permeability.

A new aspect of the present invention is provided by the fact that this separator for ferromagnetic materials uses a design similar to the separator for non-magnetic materials: the belt 1 is not driven by a roller 2, but by a tension roller 3, which is driven by a motor, and the tape is not wound directly to the roller 2, and to the tension pipe 3 'from non-magnetic material (for example, stainless steel, fiberglass, etc.), inside which the roller 2 is installed with a minimum clearance.

As shown in figure 2, the roller 2 is mounted on the ends of its axis on the bearings 9, while the pipe 3 ', in turn, is mounted on the shaft of the roller 2, on which it is mounted through the bearings. The speed of rotation of the roller 2 is controlled by a geared motor 10 or the like, so that its angular velocity ranges from 1% to 200% of the angular velocity of the belt 1 and in any case differs from 100% so that a difference is formed, as a result of which between the roller 2 and pipe 3 'a relative rotation occurs.

The purpose of this difference is to obtain two surfaces with relative slippage and therefore two different speed values, as a result of which the attracting material along the path formed by 180 ° of contact with the magnetic field, as a result of the approach and removal of the magnetic poles, maintained a tendency to rotate backward or forward relative to the direction of movement of the tape.

As a result of this, substantially all inert material is released and falls under the action of gravity in the first incidence region 5 located below the vertical tangent to the belt 1. In addition, the above-mentioned sequential release of materials with increased permeability in the form of a fan-shaped discharge, as a result of which they fall in separate areas 6, 7 and 8 of the discharge.

In other words, the greater the magnetic permeability of the material, the greater its ability to resist the combined effects of slippage and centrifugal force. As a result of this, each material will fall from tape 1 at a point corresponding to its magnetic properties, without creating a clamping effect due to the presence of materials with high magnetic permeability, which affects their discharge area.

It should be noted that although the preferred embodiment involves the use of a gear motor 10 to control the speed of rotation of the roller 2, the indicated speed can also be controlled (albeit in a smaller speed range) simply using a clutch switched on the shaft of the roller 2. In fact, in the absence of gear motor 10, only when passing ferromagnetic materials along the tape 1, there is a tendency to pull them into the rotation roller 2, which is made in the form of a tension roller and which is affected only a rotation friction generated by the bearings 9, after the initial inertia is overcome.

Obviously, this is possible only when mixture 4 has a sufficient concentration of ferromagnetic material, while if the concentration is low or the material presented has low magnetic permeability, no drive means or clutch can be installed on the roller 2, since the friction of the bearings 9 and / or its inertia is sufficient to maintain its speed below the speed of tape 1.

Obviously, in these two cases, the speed of the roller 2 can only be lower than the speed of the belt 1, but when using a gear motor 10 it is preferable to rotate the roller 2 at a lower speed than the speed of the belt 1, even if the motor drive allows it to rotate with a higher speed, if only it is useful for more efficient separation of materials.

Regardless of the type of roller 2 (motor-driven, clutch or tension type), the separation of material with higher magnetic permeability can be improved using the embodiment shown in FIG. 3.

In this case, an adjustable inclined deflector 11 was added to the separator described above, designed to divert, in accordance with a predetermined inclination, material with a higher or lower magnetic permeability to the magnetic drum 12, preferably with permanent magnets, the casing of which rotates in the opposite direction relative to clip 2.

The position of the drum 12 can preferably be adjusted so that a material with a higher magnetic permeability can be separated from the flow of material deflected by the deflector 11 in the direction of the falling region 8, which material is then turned over by the drum 12 rotating in the opposite direction and then dumped into the region 13 collection. In addition, the deflector 11 and the drum 12, through the possibility of their regulation, allow you to expand the scope of this separator.

It is obvious that the above and presented embodiments of the magnetic separator in accordance with the invention are examples that can be modified. In particular, the roller 2 is preferably made in the form of a roller with permanent magnets, and it can be made with magnets of different properties with different magnetic chains, such as chains with a high gradient (50 ÷ 300 Oersted / cm), with a very high gradient (300 ÷ 1000 Oersted / cm) and an ultrahigh gradient (1000 ÷ 2000 Oersted / cm), but it can also be made with electromagnets.

Similarly, belt 1, pipe 3 'and drive roller 3 can be modified to meet specific production needs, and more than one tension roller can be installed depending on the shape and / or length of belt 1.

Claims (12)

1. A magnetic separator for ferromagnetic materials, comprising a conveyor belt (1), which forms a closed loop around the magnetic roller (2) and at least one tension roller (3), characterized in that the at least one tension the roller (3) is driven by the motor, while the specified tape (1) is not wound directly on the specified magnetic roller (2), but wound on a tension pipe (3 ') made of non-magnetic material, inside of which a magnetic roller (2 ) and with respect to which it can t slip, and the magnetic separator contains means for controlling the angular velocity of the magnetic roller (2) in the range from 1 to 200% of the angular velocity of the tape (1). 2. The magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for controlling the angular velocity of the magnetic roller (2) consists of a gear motor (10). 3. The magnetic separator according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for controlling the angular velocity of the magnetic roller (2) consists of a clutch switched on the shaft of the magnetic roller (2). 4. A magnetic separator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the magnetic roller (2) is mounted on the ends of its axis on the bearings (9), while the tension pipe (3 '), in turn, is installed through the bearings on the specified shaft of the magnetic roller (2). 5. A magnetic separator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises a deflector (11) with an adjustable tilt, located under the magnetic roller (2). 6. The magnetic separator according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a deflector (11) with an adjustable tilt, located under the magnetic roller (2). 7. A magnetic separator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it further comprises a magnetic drum (12), preferably with permanent magnets, the casing of which is rotatable in the opposite direction relative to the magnetic roller (2) and is located in the region ( 8) dumping material with high magnetic permeability. 8. The magnetic separator according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a magnetic drum (12), preferably with permanent magnets, the casing of which is rotatable in the opposite direction relative to the magnetic roller (2) and is located in the area (8) of the material discharge with high magnetic permeability. 9. The magnetic separator according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a magnetic drum (12), preferably with permanent magnets, the casing of which is rotatable in the opposite direction relative to the magnetic roller (2) and is located in the area (8) of the material discharge with high magnetic permeability. 10. The magnetic separator according to claim 7, characterized in that the position of the magnetic drum (12) is made with the possibility of regulation. 11. The magnetic separator according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the position of the magnetic drum (12) is adjustable. 12. The method of operation of the magnetic separator for ferromagnetic materials, comprising a conveyor belt (1), which forms a closed loop around the magnetic roller (2), and at least one tension roller (3) driven by an engine, the belt (1) wound on a tension pipe (3 ') of non-magnetic material, inside of which a magnetic roller (2) is mounted and relative to which it can slip, and means for controlling the angular velocity of the magnetic roller (2) are installed, characterized in that the magnetic roller (2) is driven in rotation of an angular velocity ranging from 1 to 200% of the angular velocity of the tape (1).

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