RU2341331C1 - Vortical device for cooling of loose materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; mechanics.

SUBSTANCE: device contains the working chamber which top part is equal 1/3 of its general height and is executed in the form of the truncated cone with an angle at the top, equal 60°, and the bottom part - in the form of the rotation paraboloid which bottom is executed bent in the chamber in a kind of torus surface with smoothly narrowed end, top and bottom air supply collectors, the last is connected with the gas supply device, gas outlet, located on the chamber axis which bottom part is executed in the form of the truncated cone, the unloading device in the form of the sedimentary chamber. The internal surface of the top and bottom parts of the working chamber, and also external surface of the gas outlet are executed in the form of the parabolas connected among them forming whirlers, and tops of parabolas of the chamber and the gas outlet are directed on the middle of the basis of an opposite parabola.

EFFECT: increase of efficiency of cooling of materials and decrease in power inputs on its cooling.

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Description

The present invention relates to the cooling of bulk materials with outside air and may find application in industrial building materials industry or in agriculture for cooling grain material.

Known vortex apparatus for cooling granular material containing a working chamber, a receiving hopper, upper and lower air supply manifolds, a gas supply device, a gas outlet, a discharge device in the form of a sedimentary chamber. The upper part of the working chamber, equal to 1/3 of the total height of the chamber and located between the air supply manifolds, is made in the form of a truncated cone with an angle at the apex of 60 °. The lower part of the working chamber is made in the form of a paraboloid of revolution, and the bottom of the chamber is concave inward in the form of a torus surface, as a result of which a protrusion with a smoothly tapering end is formed inside the chamber (see SU 1239496, class F27В 15/00, publ. 23.06.86) .

A disadvantage of the known apparatus is the low cooling rate of the granular material as a result of low blowing speeds due to incomplete ingress of the grain material into the gas outlet.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved effect to the claimed device is a vortex apparatus selected as a prototype for cooling bulk materials, containing a receiving hopper located on the upper air supply manifold for supplying heated granular material. The cooling outside air is pumped through the lower air supply manifold associated with the gas supply device. Between the air supply manifolds is the upper part of the working chamber, having the shape of a truncated cone with a height equal to 1/3 of the total height of the working chamber, and an angle at the apex of 60 °. The lower part of the working chamber, having the shape of a rotation paraboloid, is located under the lower air supply manifold, the bottom of the chamber being made concave inward in the form of a torus surface, as a result of which a protrusion with a smoothly tapering end is formed inside the chamber, and a spiral is also located inside the working chamber. The vortex chamber also contains a gas outlet, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated cone for the outlet of the spent material with exhaust air, and a discharge device in the form of a sedimentary chamber with a perforated cover located above the gas outlet (see SU No. 2255808, B02C 9/04, 21 / 00, published July 10, 2005).

The disadvantages of the known apparatus are the low cooling rate, the short residence time of the particles of granular material in the intensive processing zone and the formation of a stagnant zone at the bottom of the apparatus as a result of low blowing speeds.

An object of the invention is to increase the efficiency of cooling materials, reducing energy consumption.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the cooling rate of materials and the most efficient processing of the material.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in a vortex apparatus for cooling bulk materials containing a working chamber, the upper part of which is 1/3 of its total height and made in the form of a truncated cone with an angle at the apex of 60 °, and the lower part in the form of a paraboloid rotation, the bottom of which is made concave into the chamber in the form of a torus surface with the formation of a protrusion with a smoothly tapering end, the upper and lower air supply manifolds, the latter connected to the gas exhaust device, a gas outlet located on the chamber, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated cone, a discharge device in the form of a sedimentary chamber, according to the invention, the inner surface of the upper and lower parts of the working chamber, as well as the outer surface of the gas outlet are made in the form of interconnected parabolas forming swirlers, and the vertices of the chamber parabolas and gas outlet directed to the middle of the base of the opposite parabola.

Distinctive features of the claimed device are a new form of execution of the swirls, namely in the form of interconnected parabolas, as well as the presence of such swirls on the outer surface of the gas outlet. The vertices of the gas outlet parabolas and the working chamber parabolas are directed to the middle of the base of the opposite parabola, which contributes to more intensive processing and a smooth transition of the material to the next section, and then to the bottom of the chamber.

The installation of swirlers in the chamber in the form of interconnected parabolas facilitates the directed movement of the material along the entire parabolic surface towards the vortex air flow, which provides intensive cooling of the heated material due to the most complete contact of the material and the air flow. The presence in the chamber of swirls in the form of parabolas and the presence of swirls in the form of parabolas on the outer surface of the gas outlet allows to achieve a uniform distribution of dispersed material in the chamber, allows to increase the cooling rate, increase the efficiency of processing bulk materials with the subsequent direction of the spent material to the bottom of the working chamber. The evenly distributed material is mixed, leveled by the air flow, the heat and mass transfer increases, and thus the productivity of the apparatus. The location of the vertices of the parabolas in the direction to the middle of the base of the opposite parabola allows you to evenly divide the air flow and ensure a smooth transition to the next section, which means to improve the efficiency and quality of processing bulk material.

The presence of swirlers in the form of interconnected parabolas on the outer surface of the gas outlet contributes to the most intensive cooling of the material and the removal of moisture, because a more thorough processing of the material in a vortex flow takes place and a smooth transition to the bottom of the chamber and subsequent transportation to the gas outlet are carried out.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows schematically a vortex apparatus.

The vortex apparatus for cooling bulk materials contains a receiving hopper 1 located on the upper 2 air supply manifold, for supplying heated granular material. The cooling external air is pumped through the lower 3 air supply manifold connected to the gas supply device 4. The apparatus comprises a working chamber, the upper part 5 of which is located between the air supplying collectors 2 and 3 and has the shape of a truncated cone with a height equal to 1/3 of the total height of the working chamber, and apex angle of 60 °. Under the lower 3 air supply manifold is located the lower part 6 of the working chamber, having the shape of a paraboloid of revolution, the bottom of the chamber being made concave inward in the form of a torus surface, as a result of which a protrusion 7 with a smoothly tapering end is formed inside the chamber. The working chamber contains a gas outlet 8 located on its axis, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated cone 9 for a more complete exit of the spent material with exhaust air. On the outer surface of the gas outlet 8 there are swirlers 10 in the form of interconnected parabolas located along its entire length. The inner surface of the upper 5 and lower 6 parts of the working chamber is also made in the form of interconnected parabolas forming swirlers 11. The vertices of the parabolas of swirlers 10 are directed to the middle of the base of the opposite parabola of swirlers 11 and vice versa. The apparatus also contains a discharge device 12 in the form of a sedimentary chamber with a perforated lid located above the gas outlet 8.

The vortex apparatus operates as follows.

The heated granular material is fed by air flow from the hopper 1 through the upper 2 air supply manifold to the upper part 5 of the working chamber on swirls 11 and then to swirls 10 towards the swirling air flow formed by the gas supply device 4, where cooling external air is pumped through the lower 3 air supply manifold.

In the upper part 5 of the working chamber, the heated granular material is intensively cooled due to the high blowing velocities arising from the oncoming movement of the vortex flow and granular material. With a further directed movement of material particles downward in the upper part 5 of the working chamber towards the air flow, they decelerate to a state of rest and a gas suspension flow forms. Under the action of centrifugal forces, the particles settle on the parabolic surface of the swirls 10 and 11, forming a layer that is then carried away by the air flow and gradually passes to the underlying swirls 10 and 11. At the same time, the material is simultaneously treated with an air stream in the area adjacent to swirls 10 and 11, and the simultaneous smooth movement of the material on the underlying swirls. Carried by the air flow, the particles of the material gradually pass to the swirls 11 of the lower part 6 of the chamber and the direction of their movement coincides with the direction of rotation of the vortex flow, where the final cooling of the granular material is carried out. Intensive cooling of the material occurs on each swirler 11 due to the directed movement along the entire surface of the parabola towards the vortex air flow and simultaneous processing of the material on the parabolas of swirlers 10. The formed layer repeatedly passes into a rarefied state.

Cooled particles of material gradually sink to the bottom of the working chamber 6, where under the action of aerodynamic forces smoothly rise upward, sliding along the protrusion 7, and are carried away by the flow of exhaust air entering the conical part 9 of the gas outlet 8 of the vortex apparatus. Through the gas outlet 8, the spent material rises with the exhaust air to the discharge device 12 by means of pneumatic conveying, where the material settles and is removed to the outside. This ensures the supply of chilled material for further processing.

The use of the proposed vortex apparatus for cooling granular material will allow to supply the cooled material to a certain height for subsequent processing, to finally cool the processed material in the gas outlet while feeding it to the unloading device. In addition, the combination in one device of the transport operation with the heat treatment of bulk material will allow in the post-harvest processing of grain to abandon the transporting body, such as elevators and grain dryers, which reduces energy costs and reduces the cost of processing. Reducing energy costs is achieved due to the direction of flow, the absence of stagnant zones due to the lower supply of outside air.

Claims (1)

A vortex apparatus for cooling bulk materials, characterized in that it contains a working chamber, the upper part of which is 1/3 of its total height and made in the form of a truncated cone with an angle at the apex of 60 °, and the lower part is in the form of a paraboloid of revolution, the bottom which is made concave into the chamber in the form of a torus surface with a smoothly tapering end, the upper and lower air supply manifolds, the latter connected to the gas supply device, a gas outlet located on the axis of the chamber, the lower part of which is made in the form of a truncated cone, an unloading device in the form of a sedimentary chamber, while the inner surface of the upper and lower parts of the working chamber, as well as the outer surface of the gas outlet, are made in the form of interconnected parabolas forming swirlers, with the vertices of the chamber parabolas and gas outlet pointing towards the middle of the base of the opposite parabola.