RU23402U1 - DEVICE FOR LASER CUTTING OF TRANSPLANTS FROM BIOLOGICAL TISSUES - Google Patents

Description

Device for laser cutting of transplants from biological tissues.

The utility model relates to laser technological equipment, specifically to a device for laser cutting of biological tissues in serial production of various types of transplants used in medicine.

A device for cutting with a laser beam sheet material by direct copying (Application France No. 2630362, MKIV 23 K 26/00, publ. 10.27.89), containing a stationary table with a plate for cutting, a slide-carriage for moving in two directions, a laser, a cutting head with optical means for focusing and directing the laser beam at a given point in the material and a device for controlling the movement of the carriage and the movable assembly. The laser is located on a movable unit that carries a cutting head at one end, and a head for tracking the template at the other end. The table is divided into a cutting zone in which the sheet material is laid out and a reference zone in which the templates are placed. When tracking the contour of the template, the cutting head moves and cuts the material by directly copying the shape of the template.

The peda of the device is the impossibility of marking directly on the workpiece. Since biological tissues have different shapes, sizes and heterogeneous structures, they always contain areas unsuitable for the manufacture of transplants (ruptures, blood vessels, calcification sites, etc.). Therefore, optimal cutting using templates placed outside the workpiece is difficult to implement.

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in addition, biological tissues are very sensitive to temperature effects, which inevitably arise in the contact zone of the laser beam and the material.

The utility model aims to expand technological

device capabilities for automating biological tissue cutting processes in serial production of transplants.

The task is achieved by a device for laser cutting of transplants from biological tissues, containing a laser with an optical system for directing the laser beam into the cutter and focusing it on the surface of the workpiece placed on the preparation table, equipped with a device for removing gas from the cutting point, the cutter moving manipulator in two mutually perpendicular directions and a control system for this movement, in which, unlike the prototype, the control system contains a television camera mounted above the drug onnym table and connected to a personal computer, wherein the preparative table is made of an inert material that is resistant to laser radiation, with milled microrelief, and the gas discharge device from the cutting system is equipped with seats blowing preforms.

In FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a device for laser cutting of transplants; in FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of a device.

The device for laser cutting of transplants (Fig. 1) contains a fixed table 1 with a sealed box 2 equipped with a system for blowing blanks and removing gaseous products of laser cutting 5, placed in the box, and a preparation plate, laser 5 with an optical system 6 for directing the laser beam into the cutting zone and the cutter 7, mounted on the carriage of the manipulator 5, moving in two mutually perpendicular directions. A television camera R is placed above the preparation plate. Operation is controlled by means of a personal computer (PC) 10.

The device operates as follows. The biomaterial blank is placed on the preparation plate 4. By means of a television camera 9, information about the shape of the blank is transmitted to the personal computer 10, where it is digitized and the optimal cutting is selected. The geometric dimensions and shape of the cut out transplant samples are set by software with the display on the PC of the computer, which performs automated cutting of the biomaterial. Then, from the PC 10, a control command arrives at the manipulator 8 which carries out the exact movement of the cutter 7 in the horizontal plane. As a result, grafts of a given shape are cut from the biomaterial preform.

The control program ensures the mutually agreed actions of the components (operating laser, manipulator, camera, blanket blowing system) in accordance with the operator’s tasks and allows you to develop new geometric forms of transplants and to conduct automated or manual cutting of transplant blanks with the most complete useful use of their area and automatically cut the set transplant samples.

As a radiation source, a laser can be used that has a minimal thermal effect on biological tissues adjacent to the cutting zone, for example, the laser surgical apparatus LHK-20-01 “Lancet-2 (TU 9444-003-07515747).

The preparation plate 4 is intended for placement and fixation of transplant blanks on it. It is made in the form of a plate of inert material that is not amenable to laser radiation. Mutually perpendicular grooves 1 mm deep are milled every 0.5 mm on the surface of the plate, creating a microrelief, which contributes to reliable fixation of the workpiece on the surface and more intense heat removal from the cutting zone.

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The sealed box 2 prevents the possibility of the spread of laser cutting products in the room and is a stainless steel chamber, the upper transparent wing of which is movable and combined with the cutter. The tightness of the movable cover with the side walls of the chamber is ensured by means of an elastic fluoroplastic tape. Boxing has connections with a system of 3 blowing transplant blanks ..

The blowing system 5 is designed to prevent the thermal effects of laser radiation on biological tissues adjacent to the cutting zone by moistening and cooling the local portion of the biomaterial in the cutting zone. It consists of a compressor, aerator with coolant, exhaust fan and connecting hoses. As coolant, 70% ethyl alcohol is used.

Thus, the proposed device can significantly increase the labor productivity in the serial production of transplants and ensures maximum preservation of the structure and properties of biomaterials during laser cutting.

Claims (1)

A device for laser cutting of transplants from biological tissues, containing a laser with an optical system for directing the laser beam into the cutter and focusing it on the surface of the workpiece placed on the preparation table equipped with a device for removing gas from the cutting point, a torch moving manipulator in two mutually perpendicular directions and a system control of this movement, characterized in that the control system comprises a television camera mounted above the preparatory table and connected to a personal a computer, and the preparation table is made of an inert material that is not amenable to laser radiation, with a milled microrelief, and the device for removing gas from the cutting site is equipped with a system for blowing the workpieces.