RU2239709C1 - Rotary internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to internal combustion piston engines with rotary working members and it can be used in power engineering industry, as hydraulic motor, pump or internal combustion engine in watercraft and road vehicles. Proposed engine has housing with working surface formed by movement of center of part of circumference along guide contour consisting of two semicircumferences conjugated by parallel straight lines forming toroidal cylindrical surface, or in form of surface formed by movement of center of circumference along guide-ellipse, or in form of surface formed by movement of part of circumference along guide-Cassinian oval at

where a is constant value; C is distance from center of Cassinian oval to its focus. Fuel preparation chamber is made in expansion sector of engine housing, volume of said chamber being 2-20% of volume of working chamber at maximum compression.

EFFECT: improved specific characteristics of engine and its economy.

Description

The invention relates to the field of engine manufacturing, namely to piston internal combustion engines with rotating working bodies, and can be used in power engineering as a hydraulic motor, pump and internal combustion engine in water and land transport.

Known rotary internal combustion engine containing a housing with a working surface formed by the movement of the center of the circumference along a guide contour consisting of two semicircles conjugated by parallel lines forming a toroidal cylindrical surface, or in the form of a surface formed by the movement of the center of the circumference along the guide - an ellipse , or in the form of a surface formed by the movement of a part of a circle along a guide — the Cassini oval with the ratio:

where a is a constant value;

c is the distance of the center of the Cassini oval to its focus (see PU 2118467 C1, M.cl. 6 F 02 B 53/00).

Known rotary internal combustion engine has the following disadvantages.

The possibility of losing part of the charge when applying the film to the surface of the rotor. As a result of the redistribution of charge relative to the upper working surface of the rotor and the cavities under the piston (dead space), since it is impossible to carry out fuel combustion even if there is a sufficient amount of oxygen.

Another disadvantage of the known rotary engine is the dependence of the method of applying the film on the operating position of the engine. In the vertical position of the engine, a film of fuel deposited on the surface of the rotor under different engine operating conditions can crawl from the surface of the rotor and fall into the dead zone under the piston, which will lead to substantially incomplete combustion of the fuel and thus reduce engine power and its specific economic and weight and size characteristics.

In addition, a long induction period is possible — the preparation of fuel for ignition, which also leads to a significant decrease in fuel economy and specific engine performance as a result of the transfer of the combustion process to the expansion sector.

The creation of a rotary internal combustion engine with increased power, fuel efficiency and higher specific weight and dimensions of the engine is the problem to which this invention is directed.

где а -постоянная величина, с - расстояние центра овала Кассини до его фокуса, в секторе расширения в корпусе двигателя выполнена камера подготовки топлива, объем которой составляет 2-20% от объема рабочей камеры при максимальном сжатии.The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in a rotary internal combustion engine containing a housing with a working surface formed by the movement of the center of the circumference along a guiding contour consisting of two semicircles conjugated by parallel lines forming a toroidal cylindrical surface, or in the form of a surface formed by movement the center of the circle part along the guide — an ellipse, or in the form of a surface formed by the movement of a part of the circle along the guide — the Cassini oval with the ratio

where a is a constant value, c is the distance of the center of the Cassini oval to its focus, in the expansion sector in the engine housing a fuel preparation chamber is made, the volume of which is 2-20% of the volume of the working chamber at maximum compression.

The presence of a fuel preparation chamber in the engine casing, into which a cyclic portion of fuel is injected, provides simultaneous preparation for self-ignition of the entire cyclic portion of fuel and the soft nature of combustion during successive contact of the prepared fuel in the chamber with fresh hot air as the working chamber moves relative to the exhaust channel. The fuel preparation chamber provides a compact charge and better use of the entire cyclic portion of fuel without loss of dead space. The fuel preparation chamber, made in the engine housing, homogenizes, that is, creates a homogeneous structure of the injected cyclic portion, consisting of a huge number of tiny homogeneous droplets of fuel that undergo accelerated preparation for self-ignition. The activation process of each droplet takes place very quickly, that is, the breakdown of molecules, due to which the completeness of fuel combustion is further ensured.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 shows a General view of the engine with a toroidal-cylindrical working surface;

figure 2 - section aa in figure 1;

figure 3 - position of the working chamber before starting fuel injection with an angle θ = 10-20 ° relative to the vertical line;

figure 4 - the position of the working chamber at the time of completion of the preparation of fuel for self-ignition and the message of the chamber of the fuel preparation with the working chamber;

5 - the position of the working chamber relative to the fuel preparation chamber at the time of its purge with fresh air;

6 is a diagram of a rotary engine with a ruled working surface, made along a generatrix - an ellipse;

Fig.7 is a diagram of a rotary engine with a ruled surface made along a generatrix - Cassini oval.

где а -постоянная величина; с - расстояние центра овала Кассини до его фокусов.The rotary internal combustion engine comprises a housing 1 having suction sectors 2, compression 3, expansion 4 and exhaust 5, inlet windows 6 and exhaust 7, the rotor 8 with slider 9 located in the grooves pivotally connected to the pistons 10, a fuel preparation chamber 11 with a nozzle 12, located in the engine housing 1 in the expansion sector 4. The working chamber 13 is limited between the surface of the rotor 8 and the ruled working surface 14 of the housing 1. The ruled working surface 14 is made in the form of a surface formed by the movement of the center of the circle along ruling contour 15, consisting of two semicircles conjugated by parallel lines forming a toroidal cylindrical surface, or in the form of a surface formed by the movements of the center of the circle along the guide — an ellipse, or in the form of a surface formed by the movement of a part of the circle along the guide — the Cassini oval with the ratio

where a is a constant value; c is the distance of the center of the Cassini oval to its tricks.

Let us consider the operation of the engine by the example of the working cycle of the working chamber 13, formed between the surface of the rotor 8 and the ruled working surface 14 of the housing 1, made in the form of a surface formed by the movement of the center of the circumference along the guiding circuit 15, consisting of two semicircles conjugated by parallel lines, forming a toroidal - cylindrical surface. When the rotor 8 rotates through the inlet channel 6, fresh air enters the working chamber 13 as a result of rarefaction, which is compressed when the working chamber 13 is moved to the compression sector 3, where the incoming fresh air is compressed with a maximum compression ratio, heating up to high temperatures. The process of mixture formation and combustion in the working chamber 13 is as follows. With the position of the working chamber 13 in the compression sector 3, when the middle line of the working chamber 13 relative to the vertical line (θ) is 10 ... 20 °, fuel is injected into the fuel preparation chamber 11 located in the engine housing 1 with the nozzle 12. During injection, the fuel is mixed with hot air and residual gases, forming a working mixture. Fuel passes the induction period (heats up and evaporates, i.e. prepares for self-ignition). The walls of the fuel preparation chamber 11 are thermally insulated from the housing 1 and have an average temperature of 350-450 ° C. over the operating cycle.

The injected fuel does not ignite, but goes through the stage of preparation for self-ignition, i.e. Heats up, evaporates, activates, but does not ignite due to the lack of sufficient oxygen. During the induction period, the piston 10 passes the chamber 11 for preparing fuel for self-ignition and at the moment of communication of the chamber 11 for preparing fuel with the working chamber 14, the fuel ignites, because at this moment, the active homogenized mass of fuel is mixed with the oxygen of the heated air. Pressure and temperature rises, the burning mass of the working fluid breaks out into the working chamber 13 sequentially as it moves and the working fluid is mixed with fresh hot air. This increases the speed and completeness of fuel combustion. The gas pressure increases on the protruding surface of the slider 9, a torque occurs on the motor shaft, and working processes are carried out in each chamber from 4 to 24 working chambers 13 for one revolution of the rotor 8.

где а -постоянная величина, с -расстояние центра овала Кассини до его фокусов.Similarly, an internal combustion engine with a ruled working surface made in the form of a surface formed by the movement of the center of the circle along the guide - ellipse 16, or with a ruled working surface made in the form of a surface formed by the movement of the center of the circle along the guide - Cassini oval with the ratio

where a is a constant value, c is the distance of the center of the Cassini oval to its foci.

The execution of the fuel preparation chamber in the engine housing in the expansion sector allows fuel to be injected over a wide range of changes in the angle of start of fuel injection, which is very important when establishing the optimal value of this angle during the experiment in which the engine operates in various modes - speed and load modes. The volume of the fuel preparation chamber does not affect the decrease in the compression ratio, since it is located in the housing (outside the working chamber) at the time of maximum compression. The fuel preparation chamber, located in the engine housing, concentrates a cyclic portion of fuel in itself, preparing it for self-ignition, forms a homogenized composition of the working fluid (small droplets of fuel of the same size with a size of 5 ... 10 μm to the beginning of self-ignition). The selected value of the volume of the fuel preparation chamber 2 ... 20% of the volume of the working chamber at maximum compression is optimal from the point of view of its effective use in preparing fuel for self-ignition and at the same time achieving the minimum value of the coefficient of residual gases in the working fluid.

The implementation of the fuel preparation chamber with a volume below 2% of the working chamber volume at maximum compression is not effective from the point of view of preparing the fuel for self-ignition - the fuel preparation time is significantly increased, which will lead to late self-ignition of the fuel with a significant angle of rotation of the rotor in the expansion sector, which leads to significant heat loss to the cooling system. The implementation of the fuel preparation chamber with a volume of more than 20% of the volume of the working chamber with maximum compression leads to an increase in the coefficient of residual gases and deterioration of the combustion process, stretching the combustion process. This embodiment of the rotary engine provides the best use of the entire cyclic portion of the fuel without loss in the dead space under the piston, which increases the power, efficiency and specific weight and size of the engine.

Claims (1)

A rotary internal combustion engine comprising a housing with a working surface formed by the movement of the center of the circumference along a guide contour consisting of two semicircles conjugated by parallel lines forming a toroidal cylindrical surface, or in the form of a surface formed by the movement of the center of the circumference along the guide — an ellipse, or in the form of a surface formed by the movement of a part of a circle along a guide — the Cassini oval, with the ratio

where a is a constant value; c is the distance of the center of the Cassini oval to its focus, differs in that in the expansion sector in the engine housing a fuel preparation chamber is made, the volume of which is 2 ... 20% of the volume of the working chamber at maximum compression.

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