RU2238220C2 - Hydromechanical drive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: flying vehicle control systems.

SUBSTANCE: end face of plunger of cut-in valve is communicated through grooves and beads of spool valve with return hydraulic line and plunger is moved by spring to extreme position, thus ensuring cross-feed of chambers of hydraulic motor bringing them into communication with return line and disconnecting the inter-bead cavity of spool valve distributor from delivery hydraulic line. Provision is made for shift to mechanical control due to motion of input member, double-arm lever and cut-off valve of drive, i.e. imparting motion to control members by muscle force in case of seizing of spool valve distributor.

EFFECT: enhanced operational reliability of system.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device that can be used in control systems of aircraft.

Known hydromechanical actuators containing a housing with discharge and discharge channels, a hydraulic distributor, an input link with a rocking chair, a hydraulic motor with a differential piston forming a rod and rodless cavity, a power eye (see the book by Lewis E., Stern X. Hydraulic control systems. - M .: World; 1966, p. 358, fig. 9.39, p. 359, fig. 9.41, p. 360, fig. 9.43., P. 362 of fig. 9.46, see the book Goniodsky V.I. et al. Drive steering surfaces of aircraft. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1974, p.202, Fig.4.40).

The closest in technical essence is a hydromechanical drive containing a housing with discharge and discharge channels, a hydraulic distributor, an input link with rocking wheels, a hydraulic motor with a differential piston forming a rodless and rod cavity in communication with the discharge hydraulic line, and a power eye (see Basht T. P. Calculations and design of aircraft hydraulic devices. - M .: Oborongiz, 1961, p. 317, Fig. 211).

The main advantage of drives of such a scheme is to reduce the harmful effects of undissolved air and backlash, reduced cylinder dimensions and the friction force of the sealing joints by eliminating the use of a through rod.

A disadvantage of the known drives is a complete loss of their performance in the event of a hydraulic distributor jam. This drawback significantly reduces the reliability of the drive and the control system as a whole and can lead to a catastrophic situation during the flight of an aircraft, since the presence of discharge pressure in the drive does not allow the pilot to switch to mechanical mode, i.e. moving the controls with muscular effort.

The reason contributing to this is the absence in the known drives of a number of structural devices, their elements, as well as the relationship between them, which does not allow to exclude these disadvantages.

The technical task of the invention is the elimination of this disadvantage. The problem is solved in that in the inventive hydromechanical actuator containing a housing with an output link, channels, discharge and discharge, a hydraulic motor with a differential piston forming a rod and rodless cavity, a power eye, a spring-loaded stopper, an actuating valve with a spring-loaded plunger, a spool valve with a distributor and supporting collars, spool shut-off valve with collars fixed by a centering spring in the middle position inside the socket with distribution grooves, inlet vein in the form of a control differential rocker interacting on one side with a stopper, and on the other with a distributor valve, and that the control differential rocker interacts pivotally with the distributor valve through one end of the two-arm lever, the other end of which also pivotally interacts with the shut-off valve , and that there are three grooves in the slot of the shut-off valve, to which the discharge and discharge hydraulic lines are connected, and three collars are made on its spool, the middle of them being less than w rins of the middle groove of the nest and is located symmetrically with respect to its sides, forming equal circular grooves, the ends of the extreme flanges of the spool, on the side of the middle collar, also form identical ring grooves with the corresponding sides of the other grooves of the grooves, and other ends of the same shoulders overlap the other sides of these grooves by an amount equal to the width of the annular grooves, in addition, by means of the indicated annular grooves, when the shut-off valve is in the middle position, the end of the plug of the on-valve valve, p It is opposite to the spring, communicated with the discharge hydraulic line, and that when applying the discharge pressure and the subsequent movement of the plug of the on valve, by means of the shut-off valve, from one extreme position to the other, the following switching of the drive hydraulic line takes place:

- the spring cavity of the stopper, the onboard cavity of the spool valve and the rod cavity of the hydraulic motor with discharge;

- uncoupling of the hydraulic motor cavities and disconnecting them from the drain line and that when the spool valve is located in any position inside the housing with the possibility of fixation due to movement of the input link, two shoulders lever and shut-off valve, the end face of the valve plug from the side opposite to the spring, through grooves and the collar of the shut-off valve communicates with the drain line, and the plunger itself moves under the action of the spring to the extreme right position, as a result of which the cavity is ringed th hydraulic cylinder and the message of them and the spring cavity of the stopper with a drain, locking the input link, under the force of the spring of the stopper, as well as disconnecting the overboard cavity of the spool valve from the discharge line.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 presents its General diagram, and figure 2 is a diagram of the slide valve. The hydraulic drive (figure 1) contains a housing 1 with an output link 2, with channels connected to the discharge and discharge hydraulic lines, a hydraulic motor with a differential piston 3, forming a rod 4 and rodless cavity 5, a power eye 6, a stopper 7 with a spring 8, a valve inclusions with a spring-loaded plunger 9, a spool valve 10 having a distribution collar 11 and a supporting collar. The housing also has a spool shut-off valve 12 with three shoulders 13 (Fig. 2), fixed by a centering spring in the middle position inside the socket 14 (Fig. 2) with distribution grooves 15, an input link in the form of a control differential rocker 16, interacting with one sides with a stopper 7, and on the other with a distributor valve 10 pivotally through one end of the two-shouldered lever 17, the other end of which also pivotally interacts with the shut-off valve 12.

In the nest 14, the middle groove 15 through the channel 18 is in communication with the discharge line, and the cavities 19 and 20 through the channels 21 and 22 are in communication with the discharge line. The middle collar of the spool 12 is located symmetrically with respect to the sides of the middle groove of the nest and forms equal circular grooves “a”, and the ends of the extreme collars of the spool, from the side of the middle collar, also form identical nests with the corresponding sides of the other grooves of the nest “a”, and the other ends of those the shoulders overlap other sides of these grooves by an amount equal to the width of the annular grooves.

The hydromechanical drive operates as follows:

In the absence of discharge pressure, the position of its components will be as shown in figure 1:

- the valve plug is under the action of the spring in the extreme right position (figure 1);

- the shut-off valve spool is in the middle position;

- the directional valve is in the middle position relative to the distribution groove 26, and its inter-bore cavity, the collar of the on-off valve plug 27, is disconnected from the discharge hydraulic line;

- the control rocker is locked with a stopper 7;

- the hydraulic motor cavities are interconnected and, by means of the on-off valve, with a drain.

When applying to the actuator the discharge pressure, the working fluid through channel 18 through the annular grooves "a" of the shut-off valve, passes through channel 23 under the end of the plug of the on-valve valve 9 and, overcoming the spring force, moves it to the left (Fig. 1) end position.

As a result of this, the following switching of the drive hydraulic line is carried out:

- the spring cavity of the stopper along channel 24, the onboard cavity of the spool valve 10 along the channel 25 and the rod cavity 4 of the hydraulic motor with discharge;

- uncoupling of the cavities of the hydraulic motor and disconnecting them from the drain line.

The working fluid under discharge pressure, acting on the stopper 7, opens the control rocker. The drive is ready for operation.

In the middle position of the spool valve, the rodless cavity of the hydraulic motor is blocked by the distribution collar 11 and the output link is stationary. The movement of the input link causes the movement of the kinematically associated spool valve. When it moves to the right, the rodless cavity of the hydraulic motor is connected to the drain line and, as a result of the resulting pressure differential, the housing starts to move relative to the fixed rod by an amount proportional to the movement of the input link until the spool 10 is in the neutral position.

When the spool moves to the left, the working fluid under pressure enters the rodless cavity of the hydraulic motor. Since the effective area of the piston in the rodless cavity is larger than the effective area of the piston in the rod cavity, the housing begins to move by an amount proportional to the amount of movement of the input link. In this case, the working fluid from the rod cavity of the hydraulic motor through the window formed by the groove 26 and the distribution collar 11 of the spool is forced into the rodless cavity.

In the case of a spool valve spool (when it is fixed in a fixed position relative to the housing), the pilot, moving the input link relative to the stationary valve, moves the spool shut-off valve by means of a two-arm lever, compressing its centering spring by a stroke exceeding the width of its annular grooves "a "

Through the specified movement occurs:

- the message of the end of the plunger 9 of the enable valve through the channel 23, through the cavity 19 or 20 (depending on the direction of movement of the shut-off valve 12) with a drain line;

- moving the specified plunger under the spring force to the extreme right position.

As a result, the overboard cavity of the spool valve is disconnected from the discharge hydraulic line by means of a collar 27 of the on-valve, ringing the hydraulic motor cavities and communicating them and the spring cavity of the stopper with the drain line, as well as locking the input link by the force of the spring of the stopper. As a result of this, in the presence of a discharge pressure, a transition to the mechanical control mode is carried out.

Numerous studies of hydromechanical drives, performed in accordance with the proposed scheme, fully confirmed their advantage compared to the known drives in improving the reliability of the aircraft control systems.

Claims (4)

1. A hydromechanical actuator for the aircraft control system, comprising a housing with an output link, discharge and discharge channels, a hydraulic motor with a differential piston forming a rod and rodless cavity, a power eye, a spring-loaded stopper, an actuating valve with a spring-loaded plunger, a spool valve with a distribution and support collars, spool shut-off valve with collars, fixed by a centering spring in the middle position inside the socket with distribution grooves, input link a differential control rocker cooperating on the one hand with a stopper and on the other - with a control slide valve, characterized in that the control differential rocker interacts with the distribution spool is pivotally through one end of a two-armed lever whose other end is also pivotally cooperates with a shut-off valve. 2. The hydromechanical actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that there are three grooves in the shut-off valve socket to which the discharge and discharge hydraulic lines are connected, and three shoulders are made on its spool, the middle of which is less than the width of the middle groove of the socket and in the middle position of the valve, it is located symmetrically relative to its sides, forming equal ring grooves, and the ends of the extreme flanges of the spool from the side of the middle collar also form identical ring grooves with the corresponding sides of the other grooves of the nest, and other ends of the same shoulders overlap the other sides of these grooves by an amount equal to the width of the annular grooves, in addition, by means of these annular grooves, when the shut-off valve is in the middle position, the end of the on-valve valve plug, opposite the spring, is connected to the discharge hydraulic line. 3. The hydromechanical drive according to claim 2, characterized in that when applying the discharge pressure and then moving the plug of the on valve by means of the shut-off valve from one extreme position to the other, the following switching of the drive hydraulic line takes place: the spring cavity of the stopper, the interboard cavity of the spool valve and the rod cavity of the hydraulic motor with injection; uncoupling of the hydraulic motor cavities and disconnecting them from the drain line. 4. The hydromechanical actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that when the spool valve in any position inside the housing can be locked by moving the input link, two shoulders lever and shut-off valve, the end face of the valve plug on the side opposite to the spring, through grooves and shoulders the shut-off valve spool communicates with the drain line, and the plunger itself moves under the action of the spring to the extreme position, as a result of which the hydraulic motor cavities are ringed and The message and its spring cavity stopper with drain, locking input member under the force of the stopper spring, and disconnecting mezhburtovoy cavity spool distributor of hydraulic lines discharge.

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